Through the life story narratives of Ethiopian women activists, this research explores the journey of Ethiopian women activists during three political and historical periods (1955–1974; 1974–1991; 1991–2015). Thus, the study proposes a new perspective on the forms of Ethiopian women’s activism and subsequently the different types of feminism emerging from their narratives. Through examination of how the activists reflect on, reconstruct and give meaning to their life stories, this research unravels that their activism is informed by feminist principles. It also exposes that it is shaped by a long history of resistance to patriarchy, which enabled women in traditional Ethiopia to negotiate a certain level of “autonomy and liberty”. Contrary to the general expectation, the research demonstrates that the process of modernization (read: westernization) came with its own structure based on western patriarchy, and reinforced local patriarchy. In this new, formalized patriarchy, the rights that women had negotiated through their resistance in earlier times were diminished. This study on women activists, categorized for the purpose of this research as pioneers, revolutionaries and negotiators, suggests that Ethiopian women activists have since adopted different forms of engagement that tend to improve the social, cultural, economic and political conditions of Ethiopian women. Consequently, I argue that, while Ethiopian women’s activism and feminism is firmly embedded in the history of resistance of previous generations of Ethiopian women, the form of activism varies according to the political and historical context in which the activists negotiate and adapt the way they act.

This thesis deals with women's images in the chosen novels by the Austrian writer Elfriede Jelinek. The focus lies on exploring women's sexuality and identities in Die Klavierspielerin (The Piano Teacher), Lust (Lust) and Die Liebhaberinnen (Women as Lovers). As for the methodology, I draw on feminist literary criticism and gender studies, primarily Elaine Showalter's and Judith Butler's theories. The development of female protagonists is comprehended as formed through patriarchy - it will be analyzed, and the individual results will be compared in order to get to the general issue about depiction of patriarchy and toxic masculinity in Jelinek's work. Key words: feminism, gender, women's sexuality, self-determination, Elfriede Jelinek

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Diploma thesis Gender Equality Implemented by Gender Segregation: Analysis of TV show "Tah dámou" deals with an issue of gender segregation. The theorethical part of the thesis presents results of academic researches of feminist media studies covering the topics of women's representation within media contents and women's status within media institutions. History of different feminist's approaches is described and followed by definitions of sex/gender. The thesis provides discussion of different approaches to gender equality from different feminist's points of view. The study also examines how feminism is presented in the media content in the Czech Republic and abroad as well and how feminism is evaluated by journalist in the newsrooms. Analysis of Tah dámou TV show focuses on both the TV producers (contributers) and media response that the show provoked after its launch in 2011. The results of analysis revealed that the gender segregation was motivated by underrepresentation of women in media and public sphere. The authors tried to equilaze "women's voice" to "men's voice" in the manner of the second wave of feminism. The authors defined cathegory of "women" through common women's life experiences. Criticism of segregation character of the show appeared in the analysed articles. Journalists pointed...

The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the media representation of political leaders in the articles published on the Facebook pages and of the form of discussion under the articles creates fairly comprehensive picture of the discourse on the issue of women at the top political positions in the online environment. Although gender does not appear to be one of the most important factors influencing the tone of the analyzed texts, it is possible to identify several tendencies that are related to gender in both articles and comments. Except for positive tone when evaluating political actions and opinions of female politician, which highlighted the stereotypical characteristics of women (patience, compromise, etc.), articles and comments are negative. Other identified forms of media representation of female politicians were usage of images of power and weaknesses (female too strong is associated with negative tone); associating women with emotions (both extremes - absence of emotions and over-emotionality  are associated with negative tone); and using privacy-related topics such as family, fashion, hobbies (a woman who is not interested in these areas, and thus does not fall into the stereotypical image of a woman, is again depicted negatively). Analysis of the comments in the online discussion...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:48:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4275.pdf: 816052 bytes, checksum: 4150ae4befbc6c80ff42cbb52fee802b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-28 / It is known by the entire scientific community the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) on breastfeeding, ie, all babies should be breastfed exclusively with breast milk from birth to age six months and after this period, children should continue to be breastfed, along with complementary foods up to two years or more. However, research confirms that Brazil is still below the level recommended by WHO, ie, we have in alarming prevalence of early weaning in our capitals and the Federal District.Thus, early weaning is the focus of our study, being considered as the complete interruption of breastfeeding before six months of baby's life. The aim of this study was to identify with women who weaned their children early, transformers and exclusores aspects of breastfeeding and early weaning. The theoretical and methodological framework was composed of Dialogic Learning, Feminism and Methodology Dialogical Communicative Critique. This is a qualitative study, conducted in various districts of the city of Itirapina / SP in the period 2010 to 2011. Participants were 12 mothers who weaned their children early, before six months old infant and has not passed three months of weaning due to possible oblivion information. Data were collected from questionnaires, interviews, field diary and discussion group communication. The socioeconomic profile of the mothers collected from questionnaires were analyzed using the program Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and qualitative data from the basic level of analysis proposed by the Communicative Method, pointing out the aspects transformers and obstacles in the experience of breastfeeding and weaning early. The socioeconomic profile of the mothers were: young people, aged 20-29 years, married (42%), the majority had completed secondary technical education (59%), most of the mothers worked outside the home (67%) and were primiparous (75%). The qualitative results allow us to conclude that maternal employment and labor laws were exclusores factors, the understanding that the nipple protrusion is essential for breastfeeding was also an aspect exclusor, but it deserves further study. The identification of increased financial expenses of the family with weaning was transformative capacity for reflection and highlights of the mothers, breastfeeding is a practice socialized since childhood highlights the biological character, but the affinity for the breastfeeding rescues the right to make choices and be respected for being different. The pleasure in breastfeeding was the function of being submissive mother and give up this feeling and "take the pain" for the health of the child. Such perceptions make us reflect how society loses by not listening, silence voices and even judge the proposals of the mothers rather than trying to make sense of them. / É conhecimento de toda a comunidade científica as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) sobre aleitamento materno, ou seja, todos os bebês devem ser amamentados exclusivamente com o leite materno, desde o nascimento até seis meses de idade e, após este período, as crianças devem continuar sendo amamentadas ao peito, juntamente com os alimentos complementares até dois anos ou mais. Entretanto, as pesquisas confirmam que o Brasil ainda está abaixo do preconizado pela OMS, ou seja, temos em índices alarmantes a prevalência do desmame precoce em nossas capitais e no distrito federal. Assim, o desmame precoce é o foco do nosso estudo, sendo considerado como a interrupção total da oferta de leite materno, antes dos seis meses de vida do bebê. O objetivo do estudo foi: identificar junto com mulheres que desmamaram precocemente seus filhos, os aspectos transformadores e exclusores do aleitamento materno e do desmame precoce. O referencial Teórico e Metodológico se constituiu da Aprendizagem Dialógica, Feminismo Dialógico e Metodologia Comunicativa Crítica. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido em diversos bairros do município de Itirapina/SP no período de 2010 à 2011. Participaram do estudo 12 mães que desmamaram precocemente seus filhos, antes dos seis meses de vida do lactente e que não tenha transcorrido 3 meses do desmame devido ao possível esquecimento de informações. Os dados foram coletados a partir de questionários, entrevistas em profundidade, diário de campo e grupo de discussão comunicativo. O perfil socioeconômico das mães coletados a partir dos questionários foram analisados através do programa do Microsoft Office Excel 2007 e os dados qualitativos a partir do nível de análise básico proposto pela Metodologia Comunicativa, evidenciando os aspectos transformadores e os exclusores na vivência do aleitamento materno e desmame precoce. O perfil socioeconômico das mães era: jovens, com idade variando de 20 a 29 anos, casadas (42%), a maioria possuía ensino médio técnico completo (59%), grande parte das mães não trabalhava fora de casa (67%) e eram primíparas (75%). Os resultados qualitativos nos permitem concluir que o trabalho materno e as leis trabalhistas foram fatores exclusores; a compreensão de que o mamilo protruso é essencial para amamentar também foi um aspecto exclusor, mas que merece estudos futuros. A identificação do aumento dos gastos financeiros da família com o desmame foi transformador e evidencia capacidade de reflexão das mães; amamentar é uma prática socializada desde a infância destaca o caráter biológico, contudo a afinidade com o ato de amamentar resgata o direito de fazer escolhas e ser respeitado por ser diferente. O prazer em amamentar ficou submisso à função de ser mãe e abdicar deste sentimento bem como aguentar a dor em prol da saúde do filho. Tais percepções nos fazem refletir o quanto a sociedade perde ao deixar de escutar, ao silenciar vozes e até mesmo julgar as propostas das mães em vez de tentar entender o sentido delas.

Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-05-16T18:47:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Maria Gabriella M. de Castro.pdf: 1036892 bytes, checksum: adcd72938fe952356a38ed6e73f927a7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-05-23T14:16:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Maria Gabriella M. de Castro.pdf: 1036892 bytes, checksum: adcd72938fe952356a38ed6e73f927a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T14:16:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Maria Gabriella M. de Castro.pdf: 1036892 bytes, checksum: adcd72938fe952356a38ed6e73f927a7 (MD5) / Esta pesquisa investiga, sob uma perspectiva feminista, a construção de noções de gênero nos livros didáticos de inglês do 9° ano aprovados pelo PNLD 2014. Situado no campo da Linguística Aplicada Transgressiva (PENNYCOOK, 2007) e com o aporte teórico de letramentos críticos (CERVETTI, PARDALES e DAMICO, 2001; BISHOP, 2014; KALANTZIS e COPE, 2012) e multiletramentos (COPE e KALANTZIS, 2000), este estudo examina as personagens de textos e imagens e as atividades dos livros didáticos. Compreendo gênero como performatividade (BUTLER, 1988) que permeia todas as práticas de letramento, e analiso a construção de noções de gênero com base no feminismo enquanto epistemologia do Sul (SOUSA SANTOS e MENESES, 2009), levando em conta elementos do feminismo radical, interseccional e descolonial (GALVÁN, 2014; CASTILLO e NAVAZ, 2008; ANZALDÚA, 1987; DWORKIN, 1976, CRENSHAW, 1994). Este estudo tem caráter subjetivo e inscreve-se no contexto da Modernidade Líquida (BAUMAN, 2000). Logo, a pesquisa posiciona-se diante do fluxo intenso e seletivo de informações, relações, de pessoas, de capital e de recursos semióticos, e busca relacionar gênero, identidade, escola e Estado, a partir do livro didático. Revisando políticas públicas históricas como os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN), as Orientações Curriculares para o Ensino Médio (OCEM) e o Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD), até movimentos antagônicos atuais como o Escola Sem Partido, este estudo se situa em um momento histórico de acirramento de conflitos políticos e ideológicos no que tange a construção de noções de gênero no espaço público e escolar, e busca contribuir com entendimentos sobre essas construções / This dissertation investigates gender identities in 9th grade English textbooks approved by the National Program of Textbooks (Programa Nacional do Livro Didático - PNLD), from a feminist perspective (GALVÁN, 2014; CASTILLO e NAVAZ, 2008; ANZALDÚA, 1987, DWORKIN, 1976; CRENSHAW, 1994). Situated in the field of Transgressive Applied Linguistics (PENNYCOOK, 2007), and the theoretical approaches of Critical Literacies (CERVETTI, PARDALES e DAMICO, 2001; BISHOP, 2014; KALANTZIS e COPE, 2012) and Multiliteracies (COPE e KALANTZIS, 2000), I examine the characters in texts and images, as well as the textbook activities. Taking gender as performativity (BUTLER, 1988), which permeates all literacy practices, I rely on intersectional, decolonial and radical feminist theories in order to examine notions of gender, seeking to build epistemologies of the South (SOUSA SANTOS, MENESES, 2009). This research has a subjective character, and is situated in Liquid Modernity (BAUMAN, 2000). Thus, it is constructed in the context of an intense and selective flux of information, people, relations, capital and semiotic resources worldwide, permeated by power relations. This work relates gender, identity, school and State in the analysis of textbooks. Revisiting historical education policies such as the National Curricular Parameters (Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais - PCN), the National Orientations for High School (Orientações Curriculares para o Ensino Médio - OCEM) and the National Program of Textbooks (PNLD), as well as antagonistic projects such as the School Without Party (Escola Sem Partido), this study rises in a moment of intense political and ideological conflict concerning gender constructs and education, and therefore, it aims at creating understandings on such matters

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Educational Leadership, 2008. / Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-122).

Die begriffliche Unterscheidung von Geschlecht als einerseits biologischem Faktum (Sex) sowie anderseits als Produkt kultureller und sozialer Prozesse (Gender) geht auf Arbeiten zur Transsexualität in den sechziger Jahren zurück. Der feministische Diskurs griff die Unterscheidung auf und verstand sie in einem antibiologistischen Sinne. Die Sex-Gender-Unterscheidung impliziert jedoch auch die unhaltbare Annahme, dass es ein biologisches Substrat der Geschlechterdifferenz gäbe, welches kulturellen Unterscheidungen stets vorgängig wäre (latenter Biologismus). Wissenschaftstheoretische Arbeiten verweisen demgegenüber darauf, dass Natur stets durch die Brille der Kultur gesehen wird.

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