<p>U tezi je prikazana analiza pogona sa šestofaznom asimetričnom<br />asinhronom mašinom koja se napaja iz šestofaznog invertora.<br />Predložen je novi način upravljanja šestofaznim invertorom kojim<br />su rešeni nedostaci do sada predloženih tehnika upravljanja a koji<br />se pre svega ispoljavaju kroz dva aspekta: nekontrolisano generisanje<br />dodatnih gubitaka i teška implementacija u komercijalno dostupne<br />digitalne kontrolere. Rezultati svih teorijskih analiza i navoda su<br />dokazani računarskim simulacijama i eksperimentalnim putem.<br />Eksperimentalna verifikacija je ostvarena korištenjem<br />laboratorijskog prototipa koji se temelji na dSPACE kontrolnom<br />sistemu.</p> / <p>Doctoral thesis shows the analysis of the dual three-phase induction machine<br />drive. A novel way of driving of the six-phase inverter is proposed. A<br />proposed method solves disadvantages of currently proposed driving<br />techniques which are manifested in two aspects: the uncontrolled generation<br />of additional losses and difficult implementation in commercially available<br />digital controllers. The results of theoretical analysis and the statements are<br />proven by computer simulation and experimentally. Experimental verification<br />is achieved using a laboratory prototype that is based on dSPACE control<br />system.</p>

A velocidade dos motores de indução é uma grandeza importante em um processo industrial. Entretanto, a medição direta da velocidade em motores de indução pode comprometer o sistema de acionamento e controle, aumentando o custo de implementação. Assim, as técnicas sensorless destinadas a estimar ou prever a velocidade em motores de indução são amplamente investigadas para uso em várias unidades industriais. Essa estratégia, quando baseada nos modelos matemáticos dos motores de indução é, normalmente, dependente dos parâmetros da máquina ou requer outro método que faça uma estimativa ou previsão. Assim, a abordagem alternativa deste trabalho consiste no uso de duas estratégias de implementação de redes neurais artificiais como estimador de velocidade aplicado a duas estratégias de controle do motor de indução orientado pelo campo do estator, controle direto de corrente e controle direto de torque. A velocidade síncrona, as correntes do estator e o torque eletromagnético, que são variáveis utilizadas nos algoritmos de acionamentos orientados no campo eletromagnético, são as entradas dos estimadores neurais propostos. Neste trabalho, resultados de simulação são aplicados no processo de seleção das redes neurais e os resultados experimentais mostram o desempenho de duas estratégias de implementação do estimador neural de velocidade embarcadas em DSP em diferentes metodologias de controle com dois motores de indução de potências diferentes. / The induction motor speed is an important quantity in an industrial process. However, the direct measurement of speed on induction motors can compromise the drive and control system, increasing the implementation cost. Thus, sensorless techniques aimed at estimating or predicting the speed in induction motors are widely investigated to be used in industrial plant units. This strategy, when based on the mathematical models of the induction motors is, usually, dependent on the machine parameters or requires another method that makes an estimation or prediction. Thus, the alternative approach of this work consists in the use of two implementation strategies of artificial neural networks as speed estimator applied to two stator field-oriented induction motor control strategies, direct current control and direct torque control. The synchronous speed, the stator currents and the electromagnetic torque, which are quantities used in field-oriented drives, are the inputs of the proposed neural estimators. In this work, simulation results are applied to neural networks selection process and the experimental results show the performance of two implementation strategies of the neural speed estimator embedded in DSP in different control methodologies with two induction motors with different powers.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Alfeu Joãozinho Sguarezi Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, 2015. / This research project presents the active and reactive power control of the Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) employing fuzzy logic for a wind power generation system, the proposed controller is a Fuzzy Logic Controller Takagi Sugeno type (TS FLC) which determines the rotor voltage by the rules base dened by a linear combination of the membership sets of the rotor current error, that reduces the complexity of the structure and consequently a lower computational cost and its easy to implement on a experimental set compared to other controllers such as Fuzzy Mamdani type. System control is accomplished using Stator Flux Field Oriented Control with Space Vector Modulation and computer simulation using mathematical models implemented in Matlab/Simulink. The results indicates that the FLC TS could be an interesting alternative to conventional controllers in the power control of the DFIG during normal operation conditions and under balanced voltage sags conditions.

L’optimisation de l’efficacité énergétique des machines électriques constitue un domaine de recherche bien développé et fait partie des objectifs de plusieurs accords internationaux comme le projet Energie-Climat de la Commission Européenne visant l’amélioration de 20% d’efficacité pour 2020, encore étendu pour 2030 avec des objectifs plus importants. Ainsi, cette thèse propose un procédé d’optimisation du rendement du moteur asynchrone en agissant sur les paramètres du contrôle. Pour atteindre cet objectif, le flux dans l’entrefer est adapté selon un tableau de flux optimal calculé hors ligne pour tous les points de fonctionnement possibles. Ce flux est déterminé avec le plus haut degré de précision possible en se basant sur un modèle dynamique de la machine développé dans ces travaux. Ce dernier pallie le point faible du modèle dynamique classique, en prenant en compte l’effet des pertes fer. Le modèle des pertes fer utilisé est celui de Bertotti, qui les évalue en fonction de la fréquence et de l’amplitude du champ magnétique. Les pertes sont alors représentées par une résistance variable, continuellement évaluée selon le point de fonctionnement. Le tableau de flux optimal obtenu est fonction des conditions d’opération repérées dans le plan couple-vitesse. Ainsi l’étude montre que le flux peut être optimisé pour des valeurs de couple sensiblement inférieures à environ la moitié du couple nominal, ce seuil variant en fonction de la vitesse. La méthode d’optimisation proposée est simulée puis testée pour le contrôle scalaire et le contrôle vectoriel indirect par orientation de flux rotorique, afin de montrer la généricité de l’approche. La validation est conduite sur une maquette expérimentale d’une puissance de 5.5 kW et pour 2 machines asynchrones de générations différentes (IE2 et IE3). Les résultats obtenus montrent la réduction des pertes dans la machine et donc une amélioration du rendement global, tout en préservant un comportement dynamique satisfaisant. L’optimisation de l’efficacité énergétique est ainsi validée pour les deux structures de contrôle et pour les deux types de machine. Outre une comparaison avec la simulation, la solution proposée est comparée aux méthodes existantes afin d’en apprécier l’efficacité. / Energy efficiency optimization of electric machines is an important research field and is part of the objectives of several international projects such as the European Commission Climate and Energy package which has set itself a 20% energy savings target by 2020, and was extended for 2030 with higher targets. Therefore, this thesis proposes an efficiency optimization method of the Induction Machine (IM) through the variation of the control parameters. To achieve this goal, the flux in the airgap is modified according to an optimal flux table computed off-line for all possible operating points. The flux table is calculated with the best possible accuracy through an improved dynamic model of the IM, developed in these works. The latter avoids the main drawback of the classic dynamic model, by considering the effect of core losses. The core loss model established by Bertotti is used. It depends on the frequency and the amplitude of the magnetic field. The losses are then represented by a variable resistor, continuously evaluated according to the operating point. The established optimal flux table is a function of the operating conditions in terms of torque and speed. Indeed, the results show that the flux can be optimized for torque values less than about half the rated torque, and that this threshold is influenced by the speed. The proposed optimization method is simulated, then tested for the scalar control and the field-oriented control, in order to show the genericity of the proposed approach. The validation is carried on an experimental test bench for two 5.5 kW induction motors of different efficiency standards (IE2 and IE3). The results obtained show the reduction of the losses in the motor, thus an improvement of the overall efficiency while preserving a satisfactory dynamic behavior. Consequently, the optimization of the energy efficiency is validated for the two control structures and for the two studied motors. In addition to the validation of the simulation results, the proposed approach is compared to existing methods to assess its effectiveness

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T17:38:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Resumo - Roberto Andrich.pdf: 255410 bytes, checksum: 674d7034fd046a38194121da5d0b5f27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this work is presented the development of an experimental setup and a simulation plataform for the evaluation of performance in permanent magnet synchronous motors when drived with di_erent control strategies. The proposal of the experimental setup is to allow the driving and analysis of these types of motors with the main control strategies used in their applications in a easy and didactic way. The control strategies implemented are the well known Six-step technic for BLDC type motor, that is, motors having trapezoidal back-emf voltages, the classical Field Oriented Control for BLAC type motors, that is, motors having sinusoidal back-emf voltages and a modified field oriented control specially developed for non-sinusoidal back-emf voltage motors. The proposal of the simulation plataform is to estimate the results obtained in the experimental bench. This is done by implementing the same control strategies in the simulation bench and also by modelling the main losses in the driving inverter and motor. / Nesse trabalho é apresentado o desenvolvimento de uma Plataforma Experimental e de uma Plataforma de Simulação para a avaliação de desempenho em motores síncronos com ímãs permanentes quando acionados com diferentes estratégias de controle. A proposta da plataforma experimental é permitir o acionamento e a análise desses motores com as principais estratégias de controle utilizadas em suas aplicações de forma prática e didática. As estratégias implementadas são o controle Six-step para motores do tipo BLDC, ou seja, com tensões induzidas trapezoidais, o controle vetorial para motores do tipo BLAC, ou seja, com tensões induzidas senoidais e uma proposta de modificação no controle vetorial para o acionamento de motores com tensões induzidas não senoidais. A plataforma de simulação tem por objetivo estimar a priori os resultados obtidos na plataforma experimental através da implementação das mesmas estratégias de controle e do modelamento das principais perdas existentes no inversor e no motor

Modernos processos industriais requerem rigorosos requisitos, tais como, eficiÃncia, desempenho dinÃmico, caracterÃsticas de funcionamento flexÃveis, facilidade de diagnÃstico e comunicaÃÃo com um computador principal. Com a evoluÃÃo da micro-eletrÃnica e dos dispositivos de potÃncia notou-se uma tendÃncia no uso de controladores digitais a fim se obter as caracterÃsticas supracitadas. Nestes processos, a utilizaÃÃo da conversÃo eletromecÃnica da energia dar-se de forma intensa, assim Âe comum a utilizaÃÃo de motores elÃtricos em diversos tipos de acionamentos. O presente trabalho utiliza uma metodologia de controle do motor de induÃÃo trifÃsico do tipo âgaiola de esquiloâ com a tÃcnica de controle por modos deslizantes. Aplicou-se, entÃo, a metodologia para controle de posiÃÃo do motor. O trabalho propÃe, ainda, um comparativo da tÃcnica proposta com outra jà implementada em trabalhos precursores, sendo uma teoria clÃssica para acionamentos desse tipo de motor denominado de controle por orientaÃÃo de campo. Programou-se ambas as tÃcnicas em um Digital Signal Controller (DSC) e aplicou-o no posicionamento do motor de induÃÃo. Com a realizaÃÃo do comparativo observou-se o destaque do Slide Mode Control (SMC) em relaÃÃo ao controle por orientaÃÃo de campo nos ensaios feitos na planta de aplicaÃÃo. Tanto em desempenho computacional quanto no controle das posiÃÃes do motor, a tÃcnica de controle deslizante se mostrou mais eficiente e robusta, apresentando uma reduÃÃo nos erros de corrente do motor, bem como um melhor rastreio da posiÃÃo de referÃncia. / Modern industrial processes require stringent requirements, such as efficiency, performance dynamic, flexible operating characteristics, diagnostics facilities and communication with a main computer. With the development of micro- electronics and power devices there has been a trend in the use of digital controllers to obtain the characteristics mentioned above. In those processes, the use of eletromechanical energy conversion are shown in many type of driverâs machine. Thus it is commom to find electric motors in this aplications. Then, this work uses a methodology of control for a three phase induction motor of type âsquirrel cageâ using the technique Sliding Mode Control (SMC). After that, It was applied the methodology for position control of the motor. This work, also proposes a comparison of the proposed technique with other classical technique for this type of aplications. The name of the classical technique is Field Oriented Control (FOC). Therefore, a Digital Signal Controller (DSC) was programmed for both techiniques and applied in the positioning of the inductionmotor. After the comparative analyse, itâs noted that SMC technique was better than FOC technique. Both in computational performance as in the control of motor positions the Slide Mode Control technique has been shown more efficient and robust. Also a reduction in errors of the motorâs current and a better tracking of the reference position was obtained with this technique.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / This work describes the study and implementation of a hybrid control technique applied to the positioning of the rotor shaft in a three-phase induction motor (IM). The machine has been modeled using the field oriented control (FOC) strategy. In additional, it is used three controllers to obtain the design of the position loop, each one with different operating characteristics. Initially, two constant gain controllers are associated with the position loop diagram in the FOC technique in order to obtain a fastest response, with disturbance rejection and without overshoot. Therefore, it used a Proportional (P) controller based on Ziegler-Nichols tuning method so that a faster system response is achieved and a predictive control strategy called Generalized Predictive Control (GPC), based on Proportional â Integral controller tuning form, to smooth the overshoot caused by the P controller. Subsequently, seeking a more efficient performance of the position control in the IM, It used a control strategy based on fuzzy logic that takes into account the weighting of P and GPC controllers together. For purposes of validation, simulations and experimental results of the P, GPC and hybrid control strategies are presented. The simulation was set up in Matlab/Simulink and the experimental plant was implemented with a Digital Signal Controller (DSC), manufactured by Texas Instruments TMS320F2812. Analyzing the results, the Proportional demonstrated the fastest reference tracking, among the others techniques, with a settling time of 0.25 seconds, however with overshoot. The GPC controller presented a longer accommodation time, about 2 seconds and without overshoot. The application of the hybrid proposed technique combine the fast tracking reference of the P controller, about 1 second to reach the reference, and without overshoot as in the GPC controller results. Besides, the robust characteristic of both controllers was maintained in the hybridization proposed technique. / Este trabalho descreve o estudo e implementaÃÃo de uma tÃcnica de controle hÃbrida aplicada ao posicionamento do eixo de um motor de induÃÃo trifÃsico (MIT). O motor de induÃÃo foi modelado usando-se a estratÃgia de controle de campo orientado a fim de projetar para a malha de posiÃÃo trÃs controladores, cada um com diferentes caracterÃsticas de operaÃÃo. Neste caso, incorporou-se inicialmente à malha de posiÃÃo da estratÃgia de controle de campo orientado a aÃÃo de dois controladores de ganho constante com o objetivo de posicionar o eixo de forma rÃpida, com pouco sobressinal e com rejeiÃÃo à perturbaÃÃo. Desta forma, utilizou-se um controlador Proporcional (P) com sintonia baseada em Ziegler-Nichols de modo a se obter uma caracterÃstica mais rÃpida do sistema e, uma estratÃgia de controle preditivo denominada de GPC (Generalized Predictive Control) com o objetivo de suavizar a aÃÃo do controlador P em termos de elevado sobressinal considerando a sintonia do controlador GPC baseada em um controlador Proporcional-Integral (PI). Posteriormente, para se obter um desempenho mais eficiente do controle de posiÃÃo do MIT, utilizou-se uma estratÃgia de controle baseada em lÃgica fuzzy de modo a se levar em conta a ponderaÃÃo dos controladores P e GPC, conjuntamente. Para fins de validaÃÃo sÃo apresentados resultados da aplicaÃÃo das estratÃgias de controle P, GPC e hÃbrida no controle de posiÃÃo do MIT a partir de simulaÃÃes em ambiente Matlab/Simulink e atravÃs da implementaÃÃo do sistema de controle de posiÃÃo utilizando-se um processador digital de sinais, o DSP TMS320F2812 fabricado pela Texas Instruments. A partir dos resultados encontrados, o Proporcional demonstrou um rÃpido seguimento de referÃncia, dentre as tÃcnicas utilizadas, com tempo de acomodaÃÃo experimental de 0,25 segundos, porÃm com sobressinal. O controlador GPC apresentou um tempo de acomodaÃÃo maior, cerca de 2 segundos e sem sobressinal. A aplicaÃÃo da tÃcnica hÃbrida proposta conseguiu combinar o rÃpido seguimento de referÃncia do Proporcional, levando cerca de 1 segundo para alcanÃar a referÃncia, e sem sobressinal como o controlador GPC. AlÃm do que, como os controladores possuem uma caracterÃstica robusta tambÃm se garantiu essa propriedade para o hibridismo proposto.

A velocidade dos motores de indução é uma grandeza importante em um processo industrial. Entretanto, a medição direta da velocidade em motores de indução pode comprometer o sistema de acionamento e controle, aumentando o custo de implementação. Assim, as técnicas sensorless destinadas a estimar ou prever a velocidade em motores de indução são amplamente investigadas para uso em várias unidades industriais. Essa estratégia, quando baseada nos modelos matemáticos dos motores de indução é, normalmente, dependente dos parâmetros da máquina ou requer outro método que faça uma estimativa ou previsão. Assim, a abordagem alternativa deste trabalho consiste no uso de duas estratégias de implementação de redes neurais artificiais como estimador de velocidade aplicado a duas estratégias de controle do motor de indução orientado pelo campo do estator, controle direto de corrente e controle direto de torque. A velocidade síncrona, as correntes do estator e o torque eletromagnético, que são variáveis utilizadas nos algoritmos de acionamentos orientados no campo eletromagnético, são as entradas dos estimadores neurais propostos. Neste trabalho, resultados de simulação são aplicados no processo de seleção das redes neurais e os resultados experimentais mostram o desempenho de duas estratégias de implementação do estimador neural de velocidade embarcadas em DSP em diferentes metodologias de controle com dois motores de indução de potências diferentes. / The induction motor speed is an important quantity in an industrial process. However, the direct measurement of speed on induction motors can compromise the drive and control system, increasing the implementation cost. Thus, sensorless techniques aimed at estimating or predicting the speed in induction motors are widely investigated to be used in industrial plant units. This strategy, when based on the mathematical models of the induction motors is, usually, dependent on the machine parameters or requires another method that makes an estimation or prediction. Thus, the alternative approach of this work consists in the use of two implementation strategies of artificial neural networks as speed estimator applied to two stator field-oriented induction motor control strategies, direct current control and direct torque control. The synchronous speed, the stator currents and the electromagnetic torque, which are quantities used in field-oriented drives, are the inputs of the proposed neural estimators. In this work, simulation results are applied to neural networks selection process and the experimental results show the performance of two implementation strategies of the neural speed estimator embedded in DSP in different control methodologies with two induction motors with different powers.

The main aim of this thesis is to design and develop a control unit for a three-phase direct current motor that will be able to maximize its efficiency. To accomplish this request a field oriented control combined with modified phase driving signals is used. The emphasis is put on the creation of a simple and unique solution as well as the ability to use this device in the single wheel wehicle, which previous bachelor thesis was focused on. The first part of this thesis lists some of commercially available and do-it-yourself solutions together with their attributes. The next part describes target motors and different options of how to control them. The third part focuses on the field oriented control, its individual parts and features, as well as the final solution. And finally the realization of the electrical part, firmware, PC application and necessary settings are described at the very end of the thesis.

This master‘s thesis deals with the design of a software solution for the AURIX TC234 microcontroller by Infineon Technologies which enables a user to start sampling of the signal at any required moment. A sampling time should be set to the lowest possible value. This solution is then added to the application which is used for a field oriented control of the brushless direct current motor. The obtained values can be further used, for example, for analyzing the waveform of motor currents from which it might be possible to determine the condition of the transistor inverter.