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This report focuses on subtleties in different musical elements composed for the two films Francis and The Pink Cloud Syndrome, produced at the Royal College of Music in Stockholm and Stockholm Academy of Dramatic Arts between 2014 and 2015. Examples of how subtleties in the film scores were intentionally implemented in relation to the films are provided to give the reader an insight to this specific topic. Through analysis and reflections it was shown that subtleties could be found in every musical element addressed in this report at some point in the films. / <p>Bilaga: 1 DVD</p>

The 1961 Hammer horror film, The Curse of the Werewolf, paired innovative make-up and set design with the avant-garde music of Benjamin Frankel (1906-1973). Frankel’s concert works had by this time embraced serialism, but The Curse of the Werewolf was his sole attempt at composing an almost entirely serial film score. This music more fully bridged the divide between the continental modernist practices found in his concert works with more conventional film music techniques. Thus, The Curse of the Werewolf’s score represents a crucial point in Frankel’s broader creative development as a composer who increasingly embraced twelve-tone methods in his concert works. Drawing from historical surveys, analytical scholarship, journal articles, and Frankel’s own writings, this thesis provides historical context surrounding Frankel’s life and involvement with the film. Most importantly, this study examines Frankel’s implementation of serialism in The Curse of the Werewolf’s score and its relation to the film’s visual and narrative components. I examine three pivotal scenes through traditional film music analysis combined with twelve-tone analysis. These analyses show how Frankel pairs motives with onscreen characters and situations while still embracing serial methods. This study sheds light on serialism’s application in film through the work of an overlooked British composer.

From the very beginning of cinema, music always played an important role in the history of filmmaking. Nonetheless, film music is judged by critics as a kind of low-grade art form. However, the majority of film score composers enjoyed a classical education and composed as well for the silver screen as for the concert hall. Film music also has its roots in the musical era of romanticism. Therefore, symphonic film scores can be regarded as program music in a broader sense. These scores were influenced by a motion picture instead of a poem, a landscape, or a painting. It is neither necessary nor supposed that film music must be subordinate to its belonging film. In fact, a well-written film score may enhance the impact of a film by using its own language—the language of music. Film music is still not truly recognized as an own style of music which is to be performed regularly in a concert hall. There are still strong prejudices about film music—too nice, too industrial, full of clichés, and unworthy to be performed live by an orchestra. This book wants to explore the nature of film music and its relation to classical music in this volume. How is film music perceived today? Does film music have its place on its own—uncoupled from its original film—in the concert hall? And how does film music relate to other musical genres in the 19th and 20th century? With contributions by Emilio Audissino, Marco Cosci, Kristjan Järvi, Irena Paulus, Gene Pritsker, Jaume Radigales, Lorenzo Sorbo, Sebastian Stoppe, and Pascal Vandelanoitte.

O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o cenário de composição e produção de trilhas musicais no cinema brasileiro desde o período chamado de Retomada até a atualidade, analisando como as transformações tecnológicas na produção musical e cinematográfica, as renovações no elenco de profissionais e artistas do cinema e do mercado fonográfico, o restabelecimento de uma produção cinematográfica baseada nas leis de incentivo criadas na década de 1990 e outras contingências colaboraram para a solidificação de novos modelos de produção de trilhas musicais originais na contemporaneidade. O momento atual do mercado cinematográfico brasileiro é marcado por significativas reconfigurações nas cadeias de produção, com predominância de modelos organizacionais que se caracterizam pela produção \"projeto por projeto\", dentro dos quais é comum haver um enxugamento da estrutura profissional e logística. Os compositores musicais são caso a se destacar nesse cenário, pois seu perfil contemporâneo difere-se bastante da figura tradicional, que costumava se tratar de um músico alinhado às práticas da música de concerto, com o trabalho voltado para a escrita na partitura e a ausência de relação direta com o aparato técnico de gravação e edição analógicas. Os compositores e produtores musicais de hoje, por conta dos avanços tecnológicos nas ferramentas digitais de áudio, do barateamento de equipamentos e das transformações no mercado cinematográfico, fonográfico e publicitário, caracterizam-se em geral por criarem suas músicas já no ambiente de produção digital, comumente aliando composição, gravação, execução, edição, mixagem e sincronização com a imagem no mesmo processo; são em sua maioria donos de seus próprios estúdios de gravação ou empresas produtoras de áudio e são bastante autossuficientes, centralizando no próprio trabalho muitas das tarefas que antes requeriam um número maior de profissionais, bem como estruturas mais complexas de produção, muitas vezes inviáveis na realidade cinematográfica anterior do país. / This research aims at studying the setting of composition and production of musical scores for the Brazilian cinema since the period called as Retomada until nowadays, by analyzing how the technological transformations in music and film production, the renovations in the cast of professionals and artists involved in movies and in the music market, the reinstatement of movie production based on financial incentive laws created on the 1990s and other contingencies have collaborated to solidify new models of film scores production in the contemporary years. The present moment of Brazilian cinematographic market is marked by meaningful reconfigurations in the production chains, with the predominance of organization models characterized by the \"project by project\" productions, in which is common a reduction of the professional and logistic structure. Music composers are to be distinguished in this setting, for their contemporary profile is very different than the traditional figures, who used to be musicians aligned to the classical music practices, with works based in musical notation and without much direct relationship with the technical apparatus of analog recording and editing. Music composers and producers nowadays, because of the technological advances in digital audio tools, the lower costs of the equipment and the transformations in the movies, music and publicity markets, are characterized, in general, for creating their music in digital production environment, commonly allying composition, recording, execution, editing, mixing and synchronization with the image in the same process. They are, mostly, owners of their recording studios or audio producing companies and are very self-sufficient, concentrating in their own work a lot of tasks that would require a greater number of professionals and a more complex structure of production before, which were impracticable many times in the earlier cinematographic reality of the country.

O objetivo deste trabalho é gerar uma reflexão sobre o diálogo entre o cineasta e o compositor musical, por meio de uma articulação que envolve pesquisa e produção. A pesquisa focaliza este tema por dois vieses: reconhecer qual é a estrutura de trabalho do mercado cinematográfico atual e como é a atuação dos profissionais desta área; e refletir sobre a formação oferecida nos cursos acadêmicos de Música e Cinema, com suas implicações e possíveis deficiências na comunicação entre os dois meios. Nesse campo, o estudo pretende oferecer subsídios para uma mudança de visão dessas escolas. Já a produção prática consiste em composições de trilhas musicais para trabalhos de alunos do Curso Superior de Audiovisual da Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo - ECA/USP, denominados cines, e, especialmente, para o curta-metragem Pé de pera, de Gustavo Fattori, também aluno do departamento. Esse curta foi selecionado pelo Edital Prêmio Estímulo de Curta-metragem e o processo de produção de sua trilha ofereceu material para a consolidação do processo investigativo desenvolvido nesta pesquisa. Com essas experiências e com a adquirida no Programa de Aperfeiçoamento de Ensino (PAE), foi possível detectar deficiências e vislumbrar possíveis soluções para os problemas que se apresentaram. Para complementar o estudo, foi realizada ainda uma pesquisa apoiada pela Bolsa Santander de Mobilidade Internacional dentro do King\'s College London, obtendo um modelo comparativo a partir de um outro cenário acadêmico e comercial. / This research aims at creating a reflection about the dialogue between the filmmaker and the composer through a conjuction of technical research and the real production. The technical research relates this theme by two point of views: recognizing what is the production structure of the current cinematographic scenario and how the professionals work in this area; and reflecting about the academic curriculum offered by the Music and Cinema courses, its results and possible defaults on the comunication between both means. In this field, the study intends to offer subsidies for a changing of concept of these areas. The practical production consists on soundtracks compositions for the undergraduates students works of the Audiovisual Department from Escola de Comunicações e Artes, Universidade de São Paulo - ECA/USP, called cines, and, specially, for the short movie Pé de Pera, by Gustavo Fattori, also USP audiovisual student. This short movie was selected by the Prêmio Estímulo de Curtametragens, and the process of its soundtrack production offered materials for the investigative proccess developed on this research. With this experiences and with the one obtained on the Programa de Aperfeiçoamento de Ensino (PAE), it was possible to raise some issues and to suggest some possible solutions. Moreover, complementing this study, it also was realized a research sponsored by the Santander Bank Scholarship of International Mobility within King\'s College London, obtaining a comparative model of another academic and commercial scenario.

O presente trabalho visa investigar a contribuição do compositor, instrumentista, ator e artista multimídia André Abujamra ao cinema brasileiro no que tange à composição de trilhas sonoras musicais e à articulação destas com os filmes a que se dirigem. A ideia foi abordar o percurso do artista no cinema a partir de sua estreia em longas-metragens ficcionais, no início da Retomada do cinema brasileiro (1995), buscando a relação entre seu processo criativo, a diversidade de referências musicais e a atuação multifacetada no campo das artes para verificar as características de sua assinatura musical cinematográfica. Neste sentido, fizemos o exercício de uma análise fílmica com foco no som e em suas articulações com a imagem, relacionando a música de André Abujamra tanto a outros elementos sonoros constituintes dos filmes de que participa como compositor - canções preexistentes, ruídos, diálogos, efeitos de silêncio e outros - , quanto aos diversos elementos visuais - fotografia, planos, movimentos de câmera, cenários, montagem e outros. Almejamos, ainda, conhecendo a trajetória de Abujamra e as relações extrafílmicas entre sua música e os diferentes contextos e condições de composição e produção musical para discos e filmes, compreender o lugar do compositor no processo de realização cinematográfica no Brasil. Propomos uma análise estética e contextual das obras cinematográficas ficcionais em longa-metragem com trilha musical assinada por Abujamra, articulada à sua biografia e às formulações teóricas brasileiras e estrangeiras relacionadas ao som e à música de cinema. / This study aims to investigate the contribution of the composer, instrumentalist, actor and multimedia artist André Abujamra to brazilian cinema, in reference of the composition of musical soundtracks and its articulation with films they were created for. It was intended to approach the artist\'s career in film from his debut in fictional feature films at the beginning of \'Retomada\' of brazilian cinema (1995), looking for the relationship between the creative process, the diversity of musical references and multifaceted activities in the arts, to verify the characteristics of his film scoring signature. It was an exercise of a film analysis focused on sound and its joints with the image, by relating André Abujamra scores both to other sound elements of the films in which he participates as a composer - pre-existing songs, noises, dialogues, silence effects and others - and to the various visual elements of those films - photography, plans, camera movements, scenarios, film editing and others. From knowing Abujamra\'s carreer and extra-filmic relations between his music and the different contexts and conditions of composition and production for records and films, this study also aims to understand the place of the composer in the filmmaking process in Brazil. It proposes an aesthetic and contextual analysis of fictional feature films whose scores are signed by Abujamra, linked to his biography and Brazilian and foreign theoretical formulations about film sound and music.

Film musicology is growing at a heartening pace, but the discipline is still bereft of sustained contributions from music theory. The current study seizes the opportunity presented by the underanalyzed repertoire of film music, offering an argument for applying the techniques of transformational analysis, and neo-Riemannian analysis in particular, to the interpretation of music for the moving image. Film musical style and form respond strongly to a transformational approach, which adapts well to both the triadic chromaticism characteristic of Hollywood’s harmonic practice and the dynamic and contingent condition of musical design inherent to the medium. Concurrently, the analytic tools and conceptual structure of neo-Riemannian theory benefit from exposure to a fresh repertoire with different analytic needs than those of art music. In this dissertation, the author scrutinizes the capacity for tonality to act as a unifying and dramatically potent force in film. With parameters of effective cinematic tonal design established, the adapted transformational methodology responds faithfully to the expressive and temporal qualities of the soundtrack. The author develops a model for harmonic associativity and a general hermeneutics of transformation, extrapolated from analyses of scores from John Williams, James Horner, Jerry Goldsmith, and many others. The power of the transformational approach to capture tonal phenomena through spatial representations is marshaled to perform critical readings of scores for A Beautiful Mind and Star Trek. Not only can the neo-Riemannian stance illuminate the way film music works, but it can train the listener and analyst to perceive and enjoy film with more sensitive ears. / Music

O objetivo deste trabalho é gerar uma reflexão sobre o diálogo entre o cineasta e o compositor musical, por meio de uma articulação que envolve pesquisa e produção. A pesquisa focaliza este tema por dois vieses: reconhecer qual é a estrutura de trabalho do mercado cinematográfico atual e como é a atuação dos profissionais desta área; e refletir sobre a formação oferecida nos cursos acadêmicos de Música e Cinema, com suas implicações e possíveis deficiências na comunicação entre os dois meios. Nesse campo, o estudo pretende oferecer subsídios para uma mudança de visão dessas escolas. Já a produção prática consiste em composições de trilhas musicais para trabalhos de alunos do Curso Superior de Audiovisual da Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo - ECA/USP, denominados cines, e, especialmente, para o curta-metragem Pé de pera, de Gustavo Fattori, também aluno do departamento. Esse curta foi selecionado pelo Edital Prêmio Estímulo de Curta-metragem e o processo de produção de sua trilha ofereceu material para a consolidação do processo investigativo desenvolvido nesta pesquisa. Com essas experiências e com a adquirida no Programa de Aperfeiçoamento de Ensino (PAE), foi possível detectar deficiências e vislumbrar possíveis soluções para os problemas que se apresentaram. Para complementar o estudo, foi realizada ainda uma pesquisa apoiada pela Bolsa Santander de Mobilidade Internacional dentro do King\'s College London, obtendo um modelo comparativo a partir de um outro cenário acadêmico e comercial. / This research aims at creating a reflection about the dialogue between the filmmaker and the composer through a conjuction of technical research and the real production. The technical research relates this theme by two point of views: recognizing what is the production structure of the current cinematographic scenario and how the professionals work in this area; and reflecting about the academic curriculum offered by the Music and Cinema courses, its results and possible defaults on the comunication between both means. In this field, the study intends to offer subsidies for a changing of concept of these areas. The practical production consists on soundtracks compositions for the undergraduates students works of the Audiovisual Department from Escola de Comunicações e Artes, Universidade de São Paulo - ECA/USP, called cines, and, specially, for the short movie Pé de Pera, by Gustavo Fattori, also USP audiovisual student. This short movie was selected by the Prêmio Estímulo de Curtametragens, and the process of its soundtrack production offered materials for the investigative proccess developed on this research. With this experiences and with the one obtained on the Programa de Aperfeiçoamento de Ensino (PAE), it was possible to raise some issues and to suggest some possible solutions. Moreover, complementing this study, it also was realized a research sponsored by the Santander Bank Scholarship of International Mobility within King\'s College London, obtaining a comparative model of another academic and commercial scenario.

O presente trabalho visa investigar a contribuição do compositor, instrumentista, ator e artista multimídia André Abujamra ao cinema brasileiro no que tange à composição de trilhas sonoras musicais e à articulação destas com os filmes a que se dirigem. A ideia foi abordar o percurso do artista no cinema a partir de sua estreia em longas-metragens ficcionais, no início da Retomada do cinema brasileiro (1995), buscando a relação entre seu processo criativo, a diversidade de referências musicais e a atuação multifacetada no campo das artes para verificar as características de sua assinatura musical cinematográfica. Neste sentido, fizemos o exercício de uma análise fílmica com foco no som e em suas articulações com a imagem, relacionando a música de André Abujamra tanto a outros elementos sonoros constituintes dos filmes de que participa como compositor - canções preexistentes, ruídos, diálogos, efeitos de silêncio e outros - , quanto aos diversos elementos visuais - fotografia, planos, movimentos de câmera, cenários, montagem e outros. Almejamos, ainda, conhecendo a trajetória de Abujamra e as relações extrafílmicas entre sua música e os diferentes contextos e condições de composição e produção musical para discos e filmes, compreender o lugar do compositor no processo de realização cinematográfica no Brasil. Propomos uma análise estética e contextual das obras cinematográficas ficcionais em longa-metragem com trilha musical assinada por Abujamra, articulada à sua biografia e às formulações teóricas brasileiras e estrangeiras relacionadas ao som e à música de cinema. / This study aims to investigate the contribution of the composer, instrumentalist, actor and multimedia artist André Abujamra to brazilian cinema, in reference of the composition of musical soundtracks and its articulation with films they were created for. It was intended to approach the artist\'s career in film from his debut in fictional feature films at the beginning of \'Retomada\' of brazilian cinema (1995), looking for the relationship between the creative process, the diversity of musical references and multifaceted activities in the arts, to verify the characteristics of his film scoring signature. It was an exercise of a film analysis focused on sound and its joints with the image, by relating André Abujamra scores both to other sound elements of the films in which he participates as a composer - pre-existing songs, noises, dialogues, silence effects and others - and to the various visual elements of those films - photography, plans, camera movements, scenarios, film editing and others. From knowing Abujamra\'s carreer and extra-filmic relations between his music and the different contexts and conditions of composition and production for records and films, this study also aims to understand the place of the composer in the filmmaking process in Brazil. It proposes an aesthetic and contextual analysis of fictional feature films whose scores are signed by Abujamra, linked to his biography and Brazilian and foreign theoretical formulations about film sound and music.