Les longs-métrages de fiction québécois produits avant l’ère numérique sont parfois difficiles à trouver aujourd’hui. Ce mémoire permettra d’analyser le processus complet de la distribution d’un film afin de comprendre l’influence de celle-ci sur sa survie. Nous comprendrons la distribution comme étant une différente étape de la chronologie de médias et la séparerons en deux catégories, soit la distribution initiale et la distribution de pérennité. La distribution initiale fait référence à la distribution permettant les premiers visionnements d’un film par le public, c’est-à-dire : les festivals, la sortie en salle et les plateformes numériques diffusant des nouveautés. Les étapes qui suivent la distribution initiale seront envisagées comme distribution de pérennité. Ce terme englobera donc la distribution en ligne à la suite du retrait des salles, les projections en cinémathèque ou ciné-clubs, la diffusion à la télévision, la vente institutionnelle et la sortie vidéo. La distribution de pérennité n’est pas toujours conçue de manière efficace. Ce qui en résulte parfois est la perte ou le manque de visibilité d’un film. Le film n’est alors plus accessible ni en vidéo ni en ligne et il devient très ardu de le trouver. Nous utiliserons la plateforme Éléphant : mémoire du cinéma québécois comme étude de cas et nous analyserons sa pertinence pour la vie active des films québécois au-delà des étapes initiales de distribution. / Quebec feature fiction films produced before the digital era can be hard to find today. This thesis will analyze the complete distribution process in order to understand the influence it can have on the longevity of a film. We will understand distribution as the different stages of the media chronology and will classify it into two categories, initial distribution, and sustainability distribution. Initial distribution refers to the distribution that leads to the first viewing of the film by the public in festivals, movie theatres and platforms diffusing new releases. We will understand the steps that follow the initial distribution as sustainability distribution. This notion encompasses online distribution following the films’ withdrawal from theatres, screenings in cinematheques or film clubs, television broadcasting, institutional sales, and video releases. Sustainability distribution is not always conducted efficiently which can result in the loss or lack of visibility of a film. No longer available in video or online, it becomes difficult to access. This thesis will use the platform Éléphant: mémoire du cinéma québécois as a main case study and will provide an analysis of its relevance to Quebec films’ active live beyond the initial stages of distribution.

The diploma thesis Contemporary Czech film trailer and its role in the promotion of the film in the context of foreign production deals with the film trailer. The first part deals with the development of the film trailer abroad, particularly in the United States of America. It describes every single time period up to the present day and outlines the future trends in its development. The second part comprehensively analyzes all components of cinematic trailer. It describes the process of making movie trailers, classifies it in the film marketing communication mix and examines its role in the film promotion. It refers to manipulative function of trailer and deals with its control. Finally, describes the process of distribution trailer and shows the various distribution channels. All of these issues compare the situation in the U.S. and the Czech Republic. The final section focuses on the Czech film trailer. First, it maps its history from the beginning to the present. Then it puts these findings into the context of the Czech film history and the history of the Czech movie promotion. Further thesis will focus on the current situation in the Czech trailer. Analyzes it from the perspective of film critics and trailer makers and presents all factors influencing the form of trailers. In conclusion, the...

En se concentrant sur une période courte et libératrice de l’histoire du Portugal contemporain, ce travail vise à établir ce que la révolution, pensée comme processus, événement et rupture, a provoqué dans la production cinématographique. L’aire chronologique correspond donc aux années de la Révolution portugaise de 1974-1975 puis ses soubresauts jusqu’en 1982.Pour saisir ce moment complexe et singulier, l’observation des liens entre cinéma et politique est proposée à travers les rapports de force existants entre le régime, les institutions et le monde du cinéma. L’existence d’un cinéma révolutionnaire, qui accompagne un processus de changement social et politique radical et se révolutionne lui-même, se perçoit à travers des conflits et des enjeux de pouvoir. De la remise en question du modèle de production – l’avènement d’un modèle coopérativiste – à la volonté de diffuser autrement les films, en passant par les problématiques soulevées par la politisation des pratiques artistiques, les cinéastes n’ont alors eu de cesse de pouvoir mettre en crise les modalités de création. L’analyse de plusieurs films particulièrement significatifs montre que la rencontre entre la révolution et le cinéma offre des potentialités créatives nombreuses : des saillies pamphlétaires manifestent les nécessités du processus, les usages du cinéma-direct semblent faire corps avec l’événement, et l’idée de film-révolution au cœur de Bon peuple portugais (Bom Povo Português, 1981) de Rui Simões incarne, au cinéma, la rupture ouverte par le fait politique.Ce travail est animé par une double ambition. D’abord, grâce aux témoignages des cinéastes et producteurs de l’époque, il s’agit de proposer de nouveaux éclairages sur un pan encore méconnu et sous-évalué de l’histoire du cinéma portugais. Ensuite, à la faveur de l’étude des rencontres pratiques et formelles entre un processus historique et l’esthétique, les voies explorées dans la thèse voudraient contribuer à enrichir une histoire du cinéma engagé. / Focusing on a short and liberating time of recent Portugal history, this work aims to establish that the idea of revolution, understood as a process, but also as an event and a rupture, has provoked a specific film production. The chronological area thus corresponds to the years of the Portuguese Revolution of 1974-1975 and its upheavals until 1982.To grasp this singular moment in all its complexity, the observation of the links between cinema and politics is proposed through the balance of power existing between the regime, the institutions and the cinema world. The existence of a revolutionary cinema able to follow the radical changes in society can be seen through conflicts and power issues. Then, filmmakers would question the possibilities of creation in that context: experiences of collective production, alternative distribution, and new practices of militant cinema are all examples of different modalities of creation.The study of various films, and the confrontation between revolution and cinema, show an offer of many creative potentialities: from anticapitalist movies which follow the process to the uses of Direct cinema embodying the event, and finally, the arising of Good Portuguese People (Bom Povo Português, 1981) by Rui Simões, mark an aesthetical rupture in response to the political change.This dissertation has a dual ambition. First, it is important to propose new enlightments on this yet unknown and underevaluated part of Portuguese cinema, with the help of testimonies from filmmakers and producers of that period. Then, observing practical and visual exchanges between the historical process and aesthetics, the paths explored here would contribute to enriching a history of engaged cinema.

Cette thèse explore d’abord les conditions de la disparition des salles de cinéma traditionnelles en Afrique de l’Ouest et spécifiquement au Tchad, en pointant les causes multifactorielles : technologiques, économiques, politiques et financières qui ont conduit à la transformation de ces salles en locaux commerciaux ou en lieux de culte. Elle examine les processus de mise en place de structures particulières au continent africain : centres culturelsrégis par des congrégations, par des ambassades ou par l’Etat tchadien, mais surtout « vidéoclubs» ou « ciné-clubs », établissements informels de diffusion cinématographique omniprésents dans le paysage urbain en Afrique. L’analyse détaillée de ces dispositifs comme entreprises familiales, comme lieux de sociabilité et comme vecteurs d’une forme abâtardie de culture cinématographique est au cœur de cette recherche. Elle a permis d’identifier les logiques économiques de ces acteurs en tant que maillons d’une chaîne qui part des entreprises nigérianes ou camerounaises de reproduction de supports piratés et aboutit au public lui-même.A partir d’entretiens conduits avec un échantillon de spectateurs, nous avons étudié leurs habitudes de fréquentation, leurs comportements, mais aussi l’expression de leurs attachements aux films qui leur sont proposés. Ceci constitue le second axe fort de ce travail,notamment en ce qui concerne le rapport qu’entretiennent ces publics avec le cinéma tchadien et, plus largement, avec la fiction cinématographique. Cette thèse pose enfin les bases d’une réflexion sur le rôle que pourrait jouer l’Etat pour améliorer les conditions de diffusion et de réception du cinéma africain sur le territoire national. / This study explores the conditions surrounding the closure of traditional movie theatres inWest Africa, particularly in Chad. It will look at the multi-facetted causes, such as thetechnological, economic, political and financial reasons which have led to the transformationof these cinemas into shops or places of worship.It examines the process of setting up film-viewing alternatives that seem typical of Africa:cultural centers run by church congregations, embassies or the Chadian government andespecially “video-clubs” or “cine-clubs”, informal establishments of cinema distributionfound throughout the African urban landscape.The detailed analysis of these devices as family businesses, social venues and vectors of abastardized form of cinema culture is at the heart of this research. It allows us to identify theeconomic impact of these players as links in the process that takes a movie from itsreproduction in pirated form by Nigerian or Cameroon companies through to screening beforea Chadian audience.Through interviews conducted within a sample of spectators, we have studied their cinemahabits, behaviour and attachment to the films proposed.The latter is the second main axis of this study, particularly concerning the relationship thatthese audiences maintain with Chadian cinema, and, in a broader context, with cinema fictionitself. This thesis lays the foundations for a reflection on the role that the State could play inimproving the conditions of distribution and reception of African cinema throughout Chad

This theoretical and empirical interdisciplinary thesis examines censorship in cinematographic import to Czechoslovakia during the 1960s and 70s. Specifically we focus on English-spoken movies dubbed into Czech. The thesis summarizes existing theoretical research on the present topic and complements it with data acquired through interviews with contemporary witnesses. This information is then used for an analysis of two movies released to cinemas in Czechoslovakia during the researched period - The Entertainer (in Czech Komik, 1960) and Twelve Angry Men (in Czech Dvanáct rozhněvaných mužů, 1957). The thesis ends with a comparison of these two dubbings in their respective context and of the 1960s and 1970s from the perspective of the Czechoslovak dubbing. Finally, it offers several topics for further research.

Denna uppsats har som mål att undersöka begreppet kvalitetsfilm och dess användning med utgångspunkt i marknadsföringskanalerna public relations, marketing management och filmfestivaler i Sverige. Uppsatsen definierar marknadsföring och beskriver hur den kan praktiseras i filmindustrin. Begreppsanalysen av kvalitetsfilm refererar till Pierre Bourdieus sociologiska texter och har en kort historisk genomgång av hur begreppet kvalitetsfilm myntades i Sverige. Sedan följer en genomgång av kvalitetsfilm i förhållande till europeisk konstfilm samt hur begreppet influerat den svenska filmbranschen idag. Uppsatsen innehåller analyser utifrån tre kvalitativa intervjuer med anställda som i någon form arbetar med kvalitetsfilm, samt litteratur kring marknadsföring av film och kvalitetsbedömning. / This study aims to examine the concept of quality film and its use on the marketing channels public relations, marketing management and film festivals in Sweden. The study also defines marketing and describes how it can be practiced in the film industry. The conceptual analysis of quality film refers to Pierre Bourdieu's sociological texts and have a brief historical review of how the concept of quality film was coined in Sweden. Then follows a review of quality films in relation to European art films, and how the concept has influenced the Swedish film industry today. The thesis contains analyzes based on three exclusive interviews with quality film workers, and literature on film marketing and estimation of quality.

The subject of this thesis are now almost extinct brick and mortar video rental stores that were a crucial film distribution window between theatre and television premiere only a few decades ago. The research focuses on the arrival of video rental stores run by small private entrepreneur in Prague 1990-1995 right after the country reinstalled its market economy. The text tries to reconstruct, describe and analyse six particular places of business via interviews with their owners and further archive materials - and in addition maybe ascertain reasons of their closure / continuance after 1995. Part of the thesis is also a list of 90 addresses of Prague video rental stores from around that time and basic figures of their arrangement.

Данная магистерская диссертация представляет собой обоснованное теоретическое и практическое исследование продюсерского кино как феномена аудиовизуального творчества. Феноменальность его обуславливается многими факторами, рассматриваемы в данном исследовании, в особенности значительное внимание уделено симбиозу бизнеса и искусства. / Following thesis represents reasonable theoretical and practical research of producer movie as phenomenon of audiovisual creativity. Its aspects are caused by many factors, that are considered in given research, in particular the considerable attention is paid to symbiosis of business and art.

Cette thèse a comme objectif de comprendre comment l’œuvre de Perrault a interagi avec la société québécoise lors de la Révolution Tranquille et de ses prémisses. Nous focalisons en particulier notre attention sur la façon dont la démarche artistique du cinéaste a pu être influencée par la culture populaire québécoise, et comment elle a en retour réinvesti cette dernière. Nous analysons donc les relations entre l’œuvre du cinéaste et trois contextes distincts : les représentations de la nation québécoise et leur historicité au vingtième siècle ; la relation ambivalente entre cinéma et société québécoise depuis la naissance de cet art de masse ; les réminiscences de la tradition orale dans la culture populaire et le cinéma. Pour bien comprendre la démarche de Perrault et son inscription dans la société québécoise, nous proposons de considérer l’œuvre selon une perspective globale, qui embrasserait à la fois les films et les écrits ainsi que le dispositif de production et de diffusion des films, dans l’idée que tous ces éléments formaient en réalité un tout cohérent et indivisible dans l’idée que Perrault se faisait de son cinéma. Nous proposons donc l’idée que le « cinéma de la parole » doit s’envisager d’une façon inhabituelle : son cœur ou son sens ne sont pas spécifiquement localisés dans les films, ni même dans leur réception, mais dans un long « processus » d’échange qui s’initie avant le tournage et est supposé se poursuivre au-delà de la projection du film fini : ce serait ce processus d’échange, d’interrelation et de co-définition qui serait l’objet véritable du cinéma de Perrault, ou du moins est-ce ce que nous allons démontrer. Le concept de « processus », que nous développons tout au long de cette étude, constitue donc le cadre de notre analyse « contextuelle ». Il recouvre également la façon dont le cinéaste concevait son cinéma : notre analyse se place donc dans une perspective herméneutique.Ultimement, le fait de concevoir et d’analyser le cinéma de Perrault en terme de processus permet d’envisager une conception différente du cinéma basée sur l’exemple de ce cinéaste : un phénomène historique et socioculturel complexe intimement relié aux évolutions d’une société donnée, et dont les significations dépendent des contextes où il se déploie et avec lesquels il entretient un rapport d’échange. / This thesis aims to a better understanding of the ways in which Pierre Perrault’s work interacted with Québécois society during the Quiet Revolution and with the ideas on which it was based.Specifically, it will focus on the way in which the filmmaker’s artistic conception might have been influenced by Québécois popular culture and how it has, in turn, reinvested it. I will analyse the relationships between the filmmaker’s work and three distinct contexts: the representations of the Québécois nation and their historicity in the 20th century; the ambivalent relationship between cinema and Québécois society since the birth of this mass media; and the reminiscences of oral tradition in popular culture and cinema.In order to properly understand Perrault’s creative practice an its inscription in the Québécois society, I propose to consider his work from a global perspective, which includes the films and the essays, as well as the film production and distribution, with the idea that all these elements formed in fact a coherent and indivisible whole in the ways in which Perrault thought of his filmmaking. I thus suggest the idea that the “cinéma de la parole” must be considered from a fresh perspective: its core or its meaning are not specifically found in the films themselves, nor in their reception, but in a long “process” of sharing that begins before the film’s recording and that is meant to continue beyond the screening of the finished work: the true aim of Perrault’s cinema is the very process of exchange, of interrelation and co-definition. The concept of “process”, which will be developed throughout this entire study, constitutes a frame for its “contextual” analysis. It also encompasses the way in which the filmmaker conceived his work as cinematographer; my analysis can thus be situated within a hermeneutic tradition.Finally, describing and analysing Perrault’s cinema in terms of process also allows us to consider a different conception of film based on Perrault’s example: a complex historical and socio-cultural phenomenon intimately tied to the evolutions of a given society, and whose meanings depend on the contexts in which it grows and with which it maintains a relationship based on exchange.

This thesis investigates the historically composed political and economic contexts that contributed to the late 1990s commercial renaissance of Korean national cinema and that have sustained the popularity of Korean films among local and regional audiences ever since. Unlike existing approaches to the topic, which emphasise the textual characteristics of national film production, this thesis considers relations between film production, distribution, exhibition, and ancillary markets, as well as Korean cinema’s engagement with international cinemas such as Hollywood, Hong Kong, China and Japan. I argue that following the relaxation of restrictive film policy towards the importation and distribution of foreign films between 1986 and 1988, the subsequent failure of the domestic film industry to compete against international competition precipitated a remarkable shift in consensus regarding the industry’s structure and functions. Due to the loss of distribution rights to foreign films and the rapid decline in ticket sales for Korean films, the continued economic viability of local film companies was under enormous threat by the early 1990s. The government reacted by permitting conglomerates to seize control of the industry and pursue vertical and horizontal integration. During the rest of the decade, Korean cinema was transformed from an art cinema to a commercial entertainment cinema. The 1997/98 economic crisis led to the exit of conglomerate finance, but streamlined film companies were able to withstand the monetary meltdown, continue the domestic revitalisation, and, since the late 1990s, build media empires based on the expansion of Korean cinema throughout the Asian region.