Thesis (doctoral)--University of Turku, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-219) and index.

Thesis--Helsinki. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Summary in German. Includes bibliographical references (p. [214]-218).

Thesis (doctoral)--Jyväskylän yliopisto, 1998. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-159).

The purpose of this study is to illustrate how teachers in a preschool in Finland interpret their way of working on the directives on Finnish religious and cultural heritage, whilst multiculturalism in preschools is increasing. Through semi-structured qualitative interviews, six teachers have elaborated on how they interpret the directives and their way of working with this. The result shows that uncertainty characterizes the teachers and that this is based on ignorance of cultures other than the traditional Finnish culture. The teachers tend to have a colonial approach with a broad othering, where a clear “us and them”-culture is visible. The teachers attitude towards other cultures contribute to the great cleavage. My interpretation of what this results in is, apart from exclusion, a deteriorated activity for children of other cultures, as they do not receive as much planned activities in the same extent as the children with a traditional Finnish background. / Studiens syfte är att belysa hur pedagoger i en förskola i Finland beskriver sitt sätt att arbeta med de direktiv om Finlands kristna kulturarv som finns i förskolans styrdokument, samtidigt som mångkulturaliteten i barngruppen ökar. Genom kvalitativa, halvstrukturerade intervjuer har sex pedagoger berättat om hur de tolkar direktiven och sitt sätt att arbeta med detta. Resultatet visar att en osäkerhet präglar pedagogerna och att denna osäkerhet bottnar i en okunskap kring andra kulturer än den traditionellt kristna. Pedagogerna visar på ett kolonialt synsätt med en bred andrafiering, där en tydlig ”vi och de”-kultur kan urskiljas. Pedagogernas attityder gentemot andra kulturer bidrar till dikotomiseringen. Min tolkning om vad detta resulterar i är, förutom exkludering, en försämrad verksamhet för barn av annan kultur, då de inte får en planerad pedagogisk förskolevardag i samma uträckning som de barnen med en traditionellt finsk bakgrund.

Det är en etablerad åsikt att en stor del av matematikundervisningen idag har sin utgångspunkt i läroböcker, och därför är det viktigt att granska läroböckernas innehåll eftersom det inte längre existerar någon statlig kontroll av läromedel i Sverige. Studiens syfte ämnar granska ett läromedel i årskurs tre för att undersöka på vilket sätt och i vilken utsträckning läroboken låter eleverna arbeta med problemlösning. Undersökningen har utgått från en kvalitativ textanalys och en kvantitativ innehållsanalys för att granska, klassificera och kategorisera innehållet i utvalda och specifika delar i Mera Favorit matematik 3A och sedan granskat samma avsnitt för att fastställa om problemuppgifterna kräver kreativa matematiska resonemang för att lösas. Resultatet visar att det existerar tydliga skillnader mellan vad läroboken anser är problemlösning, och vad aktuell studies analys menar är problemlösning, med grund i kreativa matematiska resonemang. / It is an established opinion that a large part of mathematics education today has its main point in textbooks, so it’s important to review the content of the textbooks because there is no longer any state approval of teaching materials in Sweden. The purpose of the study is to examine a mathematical textbook in grade three to investigate the way and extent to which the textbook allows students to work with problem solving. The survey has been based on a qualitative text analysis and a quantitative content analysis to review, classify and categorize the content of selected and specific parts of “Mera Favorit Matematik 3A” and then review the same section again to determine if the problem assignments requires creative mathematical reasoning to be solved. The result shows that there are clear differences between what the textbook considers is problem solving, and what current studies analysis means are problem solving, based on creative mathematical reasoning.

The Haveri Au-Cu deposit is located in southern Finland about 175 km north of Helsinki. It occurs on the northern edge of the continental island arc-type, volcano-sedimentary Tampere Schist Belt (TSB) within the Palaeoproterozoic Svecofennian Domain (2.0 – 1.75 Ga) of the Fennoscandian Shield. The 1.99 Ga Haveri Formation forms the base of the supracrustal stratigraphy consisting of metavolcanic pillow lavas and breccias passing upwards into intercalated metatuffs and metatuffites. There is a continuous gradation upwards from the predominantly volcaniclastic Haveri Formation into the overlying epiclastic meta-greywackes of the Osara Formation. The Haveri deposit is hosted in this contact zone. This supracrustal sequence has been intruded concordantly by quartz-feldspar porphyries. Approximately 1.89 Ga ago, high crustal heat flow led to the generation and emplacement of voluminous synkinematic, I-type, magnetite-series granitoids of the Central Finland Granitoid Complex (CFGC), resulting in coeval high-T/low-P metamorphism (hornfelsic textures), and D₁ deformation. During the crystallisation and cooling of the granitoids, a magmatic-dominated hydrothermal system caused extensive hydrothermal alteration and Cu-Au mineralisation through the late-D₁ to early-D₂ deformation. Initially, a pre-ore Na-Ca alteration phase caused albitisation of the host rock. This was closely followed by strong Ca-Fe alteration, responsible for widespread amphibolitisation and quartz veining and associated with abundant pyrrhotite, magnetite, chalcopyrite and gold mineralisation. More localised calcic-skarn alteration is also present as zoned garnetpyroxene- epidote skarn assemblages with associated pyrrhotite and minor sphalerite, centred on quartzcalcite± scapolite veinlets. Post-ore alteration includes an evolution to more K-rich alteration (biotitisation). Late D₂-retrograde chlorite began to replace the earlier high-T assemblage. Late emanations (post-D₂ and pre-D₃) from the cooling granitoids, under lower temperatures and oxidising conditions, are represented by carbonate-barite veins and epidote veinlets. Later, narrow dolerite dykes were emplaced followed by a weak D₃ deformation, resulting in shearing and structural reactivation along the carbonate-barite bands. This phase was accompanied by pyrite deposition. Both sulphides and oxides are common at Haveri, with ore types varying from massive sulphide and/or magnetite, to networks of veinlets and disseminations of oxides and/or sulphides. Cataclastites, consisting of deformed, brecciated bands of sulphide, with rounded and angular clasts of quartz vein material and altered host-rock are an economically important ore type. Ore minerals are principally pyrrhotite, magnetite and chalcopyrite with lesser amounts of pyrite, molybdenite and sphalerite. There is a general progression from early magnetite, through pyrrhotite to pyrite indicating increasing sulphidation with time. Gold is typically found as free gold within quartz veins and within intense zones of amphibolitisation. Considerable gold is also found in the cataclastite ore type either as invisible gold within the sulphides and/or as free gold within the breccia fragments. The unaltered amphibolites of the Haveri Formation can be classified as medium-K basalts of the tholeiitic trend. Trace and REE support an interpretation of formation in a back-arc basin setting. The unaltered porphyritic rocks are calc-alkaline dacites, and are interpreted, along with the granitoids as having an arc-type origin. This is consistent with the evolution from an initial back-arc basin, through a period of passive margin and/or fore-arc deposition represented by the Osara Formation greywackes and the basal stratigraphy of the TSB, prior to the onset of arc-related volcanic activity characteristic of the TSB and the Svecofennian proper. Using a combination of petrogenetic grids, mineral compositions (garnet-biotite and hornblendeplagioclase thermometers) and oxygen isotope thermometry, peak metamorphism can be constrained to a maximum of approximately 600 °C and 1.5 kbars pressure. Furthermore, the petrogenetic grids indicate that the REDOX conditions can be constrained at 600°C to log f(O₂) values of approximately - 21.0 to -26.0 and -14.5 to -17.5 for the metasedimentary rocks and mafic metavolcanic rocks respectively, thus indicating the presence of a significant REDOX boundary. Amphibole compositions from the Ca-Fe alteration phase (amphibolitisation) indicate iron enrichment with increasing alteration corresponding to higher temperatures of formation. Oxygen isotope studies combined with limited fluid inclusion studies indicate that the Ca-Fe alteration and associated quartz veins formed at high temperatures (530 – 610°C) from low CO₂, low- to moderately saline (<10 eq. wt% NaCl), magmatic-dominated fluids. Fluid inclusion decrepitation textures in the quartz veins suggest isobaric decompression. This is compatible with formation in high-T/low-P environments such as contact aureoles and island arcs. The calcic-skarn assemblage, combined with phase equilibria and sphalerite geothermometry, are indicative of formation at high temperatures (500 – 600 °C) from fluids with higher CO₂ contents and more saline compositions than those responsible for the Fe-Ca alteration. Limited fluid inclusion studies have identified hypersaline inclusions in secondary inclusion trails within quartz. The presence of calcite and scapolite also support formation from CO₂-rich saline fluids. It is suggested that the calcic-skarn alteration and the amphibolitisation evolved from the same fluids, and that P-T changes led to fluid unmixing resulting in two fluid types responsible for the observed alteration variations. Chlorite geothermometry on retrograde chlorite indicates temperatures of 309 – 368 °C. As chlorite represents the latest hydrothermal event, this can be taken as a lower temperature limit for hydrothermal alteration and mineralisation at Haveri.The gold mineralisation at Haveri is related primarily to the Ca-Fe alteration. Under such P-T-X conditions gold was transported as chloride complexes. Ore was localised by a combination of structural controls (shears and folds) and REDOX reactions along the boundary between the oxidised metavolcanics and the reduced metasediments. In addition, fluid unmixing caused an increase in pH, and thus further augmented the precipitation of Cu and Au. During the late D₂-event, temperatures fell below 400 °C, and fluids may have remobilised Au and Cu as bisulphide complexes into the shearcontrolled cataclastites and massive sulphides. The Haveri deposit has many similarities with ore deposit models that include orogenic lode-gold deposits, certain Au-skarn deposits and Fe-oxide Cu-Au deposits. However, many characteristics of the Haveri deposit, including tectonic setting, host lithologies, alteration types, proximity to I-type granitoids and P-T-X conditions of formation, compare favourably with other Early Proterozoic deposits within the TSB and Fennoscandia, as well as many of the deposits in the Cloncurry district of Australia. Consequently, the Haveri deposit can be seen to represent a high-T, Ca-rich member of the recently recognised Fe-oxide Cu-Au group of deposits.

No description available.

No description available.

This thesis examines the question of the extent to which the concept of a National Style dominated architectural production in Finland between 1890 and 1916. The thesis maintains that National Style ideas should be understood as one of a number of impulses emerging in Finnish architecture in the 1890s. This point is explored through analysis of the writings of the architect, journalist and Finnish nationalist Vilho Penttilä. His writings reveal that alongside the National Style he was also concerned with the general question of architectural reform in Finland. This thinking included new ideas on the role that materials, construction and new technology should play in shaping architectural design. Alongside this ran interest in the development of a new language of architectural ornament capable of expressing the character of the building and the society who used it. International architecture was frequently referred to as a model in relation to the National Style and architectural reform in general. Comparison is made to other writings within the Finnish architectural press. The thesis is tested through the examination of a case study: the buildings of Penttilä for the National Joint-Stock Bank [KOP] and the architecture of financial buildings in general, with further comparison made, where relevant, to the broader architectural field. This allows for the comparison of the work of a large number of architects and prestigious projects throughout the country. The study reveals that, just as was indicated through the analysis of architectural journalism, National Style ideas were explored alongside other concerns related to architectural reform. National Style features began to disappear in the mid-1900s, subsumed within the drive to find new architectural forms to reflect the modern age and Finland's hopes for the future. This was found to be the case even in relation to Penttilä's work for KOP, where both the architect and the institution were committed to the Finnish nationalist movement.

The purpose of this study was to describe relationships between Finnish comprehensive vocational institute teachers' sex-role attitudes and selected personal and professional variables, and to analyze to what extent these variables separately and in combination explained the variance of sex-role attitudes. The independent variables consisted of individual characteristics (sex, age, marital status, sex of children, and household income) ,and professional characteristics (occupational area, job roles, years of teaching experience, and educational attainments). The dependent variable was a 36-item sex-role attitude scale. / Ph. D.