Esta dissertação discute o contexto regional de ocupação das populações sambaquieiras do litoral sul do Estado de Santa Catarina em uma área lagunar de formação holocênica que, quando do máximo transgressivo do nível médio marinho, teria tomado a conformação de uma grande baía, com recortes microambientais variados e diversas formações insulares, denominada aqui como Paleolaguna de Santa Marta. Por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas, visitas de campo, levantamentos regionais extensivos, prospecções intensivas e intervenções arqueológicas, foi confeccionado um cadastro contendo informações de todos os sítios conhecidos na área (mais de 90 sambaquis, além de sítios relacionados aos grupos Guarani e Je do Sul), incluindo localização, implantação, estrutura estratigráfica, composição e estado de preservação, tendo-se também datado vários deles. Estes dados propiciaram uma análise de distribuição espacial e cronológica deste conjunto de sambaquis a partir de um enfoque regional, possibilitando inferências acerca do sistema de ocupação e territorialidade das populações pescadoras-caçadoras-coletoras que ali habitaram em um período compreendido entre 7000 e 1000 anos AP. / This dissertation discusses the settlement system of the sambaqui mounbuilders from the southern shores of Santa Catarina between 7000 and 1000 years BP, focusing in a regional level. The lagoonal study area has formerly been an open bay environment by the time of the transgressive maximum sea level, with a wider variety of micro-environmental settings and internal islands. By means of intensive field survey and systematic site intervening, a catalog of sites has been compiled with information on more than 90 sambaquis therein recorded so far (plus a number of later Guarani and southern Je sites), that includes site location and environmental setting, stratigraphy and composition, as well as their preservation conditions. A chronological framework has been established by dating several of these mounds, allowing the modeling of settlement evolution and territorial patterns of this long lasting, transitional, fisher-gatherer society.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:38:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_jackes_douglas_manke_dos_santos.pdf: 3999834 bytes, checksum: 5e393348c350bee3d13e827383a72fc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / The Lagoa Mangueira located in southern Brazil is part of a complex river system of the coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul, in the presence of extensive wetlands, owned by the lagoon system belonging to known as Patos-Mirim. It has inhabited and exploited human populations, and the fishing one of the most important activities. The fishing activity developed in the region has decreased capture rates, as declared by fishermen, causing them to continuous intensification and diversification of their capture techniques. The objective of this study was to characterize the occupation process the Lagoa Mangueira by artisanal fishermen, the composition and quantity of fish caught, and to describe the fishermen behavior against the fish abundance variation. For the identification of fishing communities, field trips were held monthly in the years 2010 and 2011. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on sampling method known as chain of informants. Fish catch data were provided by local fishermen, through their writings, which were tabulated and submitted to descriptive statistics. The first forays into the fishing in Lagoa Mangueira were made in the early 1960s. Currently there are seven fishermen core on the west bank of the lagoon. The entry of new fishermen obey the general criteria for the establishment of traditional communities. The average catch per fisherman in the region is 4766.5 kg / year, and the viola (Loricariichthys anus) is the species with the highest volume of capture and that provides greater economic income of the local fisheries. It demonstrated the importance of participation and inclusion of these agents in the development and implementation of public politics for management and conservation of natural resources in the region, since these populations are in possession of accurate information on the ecosystem. / A Lagoa Mangueira localizada no extremo sul do Brasil faz parte de um complexo sistema hidrográfico da planície costeira do estado Rio Grande do Sul, com a presença de extensas áreas úmidas, pertencente ao sistema lagunar conhecido como Patos-Mirim, o qual é habitado e explorado por populações humanas, sendo a pesca artesanal uma das atividades mais importantes. A atividade pesqueira desenvolvida na região apresenta diminuição dos índices de captura, conforme declaração dos pescadores, fazendo com que estes continuamente intensifiquem e diversifiquem as técnicas de captura. O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar o processo de ocupação da Lagoa Mangueira por pescadores artesanais, a composição e a quantidade de peixe capturado, bem como descrever o comportamento destes pescadores frente à variação da abundância do pescado. Para a identificação das comunidades de pescadores, foram realizadas saídas de campo nos anos de 2010 e 2011. A aplicação das entrevistas semi-estruturadas foram realizadas por amostragem, pelo método conhecido como cadeia de informantes. Dados de captura foram fornecidos pelos pescadores locais, através de seus registros, os quais foram tabulados e submetidos à estatística descritiva. As primeiras incursões para pesca na Lagoa Mangueira foram realizadas no início da década de 1960. Atualmente existe 7 núcleos de pescadores na margem oeste da lagoa. A entrada de novos pescadores obedece a critérios gerais do estabelecimento de comunidades tradicionais. A captura média por pescador da região é de 4.766,5 kg/ano, sendo que a viola (Loricariichthys anus) é a espécie com maior volume de captura e que proporciona maior renda econômica da pesca local. Fica evidenciada a importância da participação e inclusão destes agentes na elaboração e implementação de políticas públicas de manejo e conservação dos recursos naturais da região, já que estas populações são detentoras de informações precisas sobre o ecossistema.

Until the 1970s, small black fishing communities primarily populated Bahia’s north coast. A recent demand for luxury coastal real estate has radically altered the region’s social and environmental landscape. While Bahia’s population is roughly 80% poor and black, the coast is now a space of exclusivity and whiteness. Sewage infrastructure does not meet the needs of the growing population. Domestic sewage flows directly into urban rivers. Poor black fishers, whose food security and livelihoods depend on access to healthy water resources, suffer most in this context. This dissertation explores two interlinking forms of environmental racism – water pollution and racial profiling – that fishers in Praia de Buraquinho, Bahia, Brazil, experience daily. Based on fourteen months of ethnographic research, this project follows the lives of 75 fishers enmeshed in a struggle for environmental and racial justice. I uncover how coastal development has polluted the community's primary river fishery while private gated communities physically restrict fishers' access and subject them to racial profiling practices by private security guards. Ultimately, I argue that regional coastal development in Bahia represents a new model of capital accumulation through what I call “racialized environmental dispossession” that, as one Praia de Buraquinho fishers suggests, is "like watching a brother die."

Since the 1950s, more than 6 million dolphins have died as by-catch in the American yellowfin tuna fishery. These deaths were not caused by accidental incidents between fishermen and dolphins but resulted from a method of fishing that purposefully targeted these animals in order to catch yellowfin tuna. Referred to as “fishing on porpoise,” this technique remained an industry secret for decades. By the early 1970s, however, dolphin by-catch had become a major environmental issue in the United States, thanks to the work of William F. Perrin. In the following years, politicians, scientists, environmentalists, and members of the tuna industry struggled with how best to resolve the problem. While the debates that arose from the “tuna-porpoise controversy” helped to dramatically reduce dolphin by-catch, these solutions did not come easily. This thesis looks to bring this forgotten moment in American environmental history to the historical forefront by exploring the origins and early years of the tuna-porpoise controversy. By examining this period, this thesis will show why fishermen first used dolphins to catch tuna in the 1950s, how and why dolphin by-catch became such a major environmental issue in the 1970s, and what various groups and individuals did to ameliorate the problem during the period. / Graduate

El objetivo general del presente trabajo es analizar el impacto de la normativa peruana del ordenamiento pesquero en la eficiencia económica de la industria de la anchoveta, en base a la evolución de esfuerzo pesquero, distribución y sostenibilidad del recurso durante el periodo 1990-2013, con la finalidad de evaluar si logró o no sus propósitos y determinar si apoyó a la mejora económica del sector. Dado que la variable eficiencia económica está compuesta por las subvariables esfuerzo pesquero, distribución y sostenibilidad; la evaluación del impacto de la normativa en la variable mencionada se descompone en el impacto de dicha normativa sobre sus sub-variables. Respecto al esfuerzo pesquero, el objetivo es conocer el efecto del ordenamiento pesquero sobre los factores de producción en la pesca de anchoveta durante el periodo 1990-2013, mediante indicadores, a fin de evaluar si la normativa benefició al sector empresarial en la administración de estos recursos. / Trabajo de investigación

In Canada’s western Arctic, perennial discharge from permafrost watersheds is the surface manifestation of active groundwater flow systems, yet understanding the mechanisms of groundwater recharge and flow in periglacial environments remains enigmatic. This thesis addresses questions on how and where groundwater recharge occurs. Watersheds were selected in Yukon (Fishing Branch River at Bear Cave Mountain) and the Northwest Territories at latitudes spanning from continuous to discontinuous permafrost (five tributary rivers to the Mackenzie River from Wrigley to Aklavik). All are characterized by perennial flow with open water in the winter, and discharge from sedimentary formations of karstic carbonates and evaporate rocks. Determinations of groundwater contributions to discharge, mixing, recharge conditions and circulation times were made on the basis of a suite of analytical approaches involving measurements of major dissolved ions, δ18O, δD, δ13CDIC, 3H, noble gases and flow gauging was conducted at some sites. The application of these tracers show that hydrogeological conditions and flow paths in permafrost terrains are surprisingly similar to those of temperate regions. Groundwater recharge was determined to be a mix of annual precipitation with contributions from snowmelt and precipitation. All systems investigated show that groundwaters have recharged through organic soils with elevated PCO2, which suggests that recharge occurs largely during summer when biological activity is high. Noble gas concentrations show that the recharge temperature was between 0 and 6 °C, which, when considered in the context of discharge temperatures, suggests that there is no significant imbalance of energy flux into the subsurface. Groundwater ages were found using the 3H-3He method and were dependent on flow path. By characterizing groundwater and surface water chemistry, the proportion of groundwater was found in numerous water courses. The possible impact of ground ice formation and melting on noble gas concentrations in groundwater was considered. To assess this link, a new method to measure the noble gas composition of ground ice bodies was developed. The method can be used to determine the origin of ice, based on changes in noble gas ratios between ice originating from compaction of snow (e.g. glacier ice) vs. ice originating from freezing of water. No significant fractionation of noble gases during groundwater freezing and ground ice formation was identified. Applied to determination of the origin of ground ice bodies, the method was shown to be both diagnostic of ice origin and un-encumbered by reactivity in the subsurface, which compromises the use of the dominant atmospheric gases (O2 and N2).   Résumé Dans l’Ouest de l'Arctique canadien, la décharge pérenne dans certaines rivières en région de pergélisol est la manifestation en surface d’une circulation d’eau souterraine; cependant la compréhension des mécanismes d’écoulement et de recharge des eaux souterraines en région de pergélisol demeure énigmatique. Cette thèse s’intéresse à la question de savoir comment et où la recharge des eaux souterraines se produit. Des bassins versants ont été choisis au Yukon (Rivière Fishing Branch à Bear Cave Mountain) et dans les Territoire du Nord-Ouest à des latitudes s’étendant du pergélisol discontinu au pergélisol continu (cinq tributaires du Mackenzie entre Wrigley et Aklavik). Toutes ces rivières ont un écoulement d’eau pérenne avec des zones non gelées et une décharge dans des formations sédimentaires de roches carbonatées et d‘évaporites. L’identification des contributions des eaux à la décharge, les mélanges, les conditions de recharge, et les temps de circulation ont été faits à partir d’analyses qui ont inclus les concentrations en éléments majeurs, leur valeur isotopique (δ18O, δD, δ13C, 3H), ainsi que leur teneur en gaz rares. A certain des sites analysés des mesures d’écoulement ont été prises. L’application de ces traceurs montre que les conditions hydrauliques et le chemin des écoulements en région de pergélisol sont similaires à ceux des régions tempérées. La recharge en eau souterraine a été identifiée comme étant un mélange de précipitations annuelles, avec des contributions de neige et de pluies. Tous les systèmes étudiés montrent que les eaux souterraines se sont rechargées en traversant des sols organiques avec une PCO2 élevée, ce qui suggère que la recharge se produire largement durant l’été quand l’activité biologique est élevée. Cependant, les concentrations en gaz nobles montre que la température de recharge des eaux souterraines était entre 0 et 6 °C ce qui indique qu’il n’y a pas de déséquilibre de flux d’énergie à l’intérieur de la zone proche de la surface. L’âge des eaux a été déterminé par la méthode 3H-3He et cet âge est dépendant du chemin d'écoulement. En caractérisant les paramètres chimiques des eaux de surface et des eaux souterraines, il a été possible de trouver la contribution des eaux souterraines aux eaux surface. Le possible impact de la formation et de la fonte de la glace souterraine sur les concentrations des gaz nobles a été considéré. Pour déterminer s’il y a un lien entre ceux-ci, une nouvelle méthode pour mesurer la concentration en gaz nobles dans les glaces souterraines a été développée. La méthode peut être utilisée pour déterminer l’origine de la glace; elle est basée sur les changements dans les rapports des gaz nobles entre la glace issue de la compaction de la neige (c’est-à-dire la glace de glacier) par opposition à la glace issue du gel de l’eau. Aucun fractionnement significatif des gaz nobles durant l’engel des eaux souterraines et la formation de glaces souterraines n’a été identifié. Appliquée à l’identification de l’origine des masses de glace enfouies, on a montré que la méthode pouvait permettre d’identifier l’origine des glaces souterraines sans qu’elle soit affectée par des réactions biologiques de sub-surface, lesquelles rendent inutilisables les gaz atmosphériques (O2, and N2).

Une grande partie de la ressource halieutique est, à ce jour, surexploitée, voire menacée d’extinction. Il est donc nécessaire de gérer cette ressource de manière à assurer la viabilité du secteur économique de la pêche. L’objectif de ce travail est d’étendre et de compléter les modèles existant dans la littérature économique sur le sujet qui visent à analyser les effets de différentes stratégies de préservation de la ressource sur le profit du secteur de la pêche. Ces travaux souffrent en effet de deux limites principales.D’une part, ils mettent principalement en avant les caractéristiques biologiques de la ressource dans l’espace et leurs travaux se limitent généralement à la détermination du niveau de pêche qui assure le rendement soutenable maximal. Cependant, d’un point de vue économique, ces travaux sont limités puisqu’ils ne prennent pas en compte les interactions stratégiques entre agents.D’autre part, concernant les politiques de gestion de la ressource halieutique dans l’espace, peu de travaux intègre les stratégies individuelles des agents pour évaluer les impacts de ces règlementations sur l’état des stocks. De plus, en ce qui concerne les aires marines protégées, les travaux existant se concentrent sur les impacts de ce type de mesures sur les stocks de ressource et leur approche ne permet pas d’évaluer l’impact de la taille d’une aire marine protégée.Il est donc important d’élargir l’analyse dans deux directions. Tout d’abord, Nous allons tenter d’améliorer les travaux existants en y intégrant les stratégies des pêcheurs dans le cadre d’un secteur oligopolistique, (structure de marché représentative du secteur de la pêche), tout en prenant en compte les caractéristiques biologiques en termes de dispersion pour savoir dans quelle mesure ces différents aspects influencent les perspectives de préservation.Enfin, nous nous intéresserons, dans le même cadre d’analyse, aux politiques de gestion des ressources halieutiques pour évaluer leur efficacité. / Much of the fishery resource is, to date, overexploited even endangered. It is therefore necessary to manage this resource to ensure the sustainability of the fishery’s economic sector. The aim of this work is to extend and complete the existing models in the literature on the topic which aim for analyze the effects of different strategies for resource conservation benefit of the fishery sector. Indeed, these studies suffer from two main limitations.On the one hand, they put forward mainly the biological characteristics of the resource in space and their works are generally limited to the determination of the fishing level which provides the maximum sustainable yield. However, from an economic point of view, these works are limited, as they do not take into account the strategic behavior between agents.On the other hand, concerning the management policies of fishery resources in space, a few studies integrate agents’ individual strategies to evaluate the impacts of these regulations on the stocks state. In addition, with regard to marine protected areas, existing works focus on the impact of such measures on resources stock and their approach does not allow evaluating the impact of the size of a marine reserve.It is therefore important to extend the analysis in two directions. Firstly, we will try to improve existing works on integrating fishermen strategies in an oligopolistic sector (market structure representing the fishery sector), while taking into account the biological characteristics in terms of dispersion, to investigate in which extent these aspects influence the preservation prospects.Then, we focus, in the same analytical framework, the fishery resources management policies to evaluate their effectiveness.

This study focuses on the stories and experiences of Lummi students and their teachers at Ferndale High School from 1970 to 1980. The conditions of schooling for Lummis were affected by the climate of anti-Indian hostility which was fueled by the attitudes about Native fishing rights. This conflict, referred to as the "fishing wars," culminated in the landmark 1974 Boldt Decision. Throughout the 1970s the school was a site where the cultural and political conflicts of the community were played out. This study examines the ways that Lummi students saw the school and the choices they made for survival and resistance in a complex and adverse environment. It is also a study of the teachers who were at Ferndale during the 70s and how they conducted themselves in an explosive crosscultural educational setting. Utilizing an ethnohistorical perspective, this study brings forth the stories of both Lummi students and non- Native teachers and sets them within the context of the culture-conflict climate of Whatcom County in the 1970s. This study shows how political issues were inextricably welded to cultural issues for Indian students in the 1970s. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

La recherche porte sur l’industrie des sécheries de morues de l’agglomération bordelaise (Bordeaux, Talence et Bègles) aux XIXe et XXe siècles. Elle s’intéresse également au trafic morutier du port girondin. Cette industrie nouvelle à Bordeaux, mais aussi dans d’autres ports de France, naît vers 1825-1830. A partir de 1860, les trente sécheries bordelaises détiennent un quasi-monopole du séchage en France. La création de sécheries mécaniques à vapeur dans les ports normands et bretons à partir de 1900 entraîne l’érosion du monopole bordelais. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le négoce et l’industrie du séchage peinent à se moderniser tandis que, paradoxalement, Bordeaux devient un important port d’armement à la grande pêche. Vers 1968, le développement de la congélation entraîne la fermeture rapide des sécheries. Les armements bordelais restent actifs jusqu’à la veille des années 1990. Une partie de l’étude est consacrée à la sociologie des acteurs du négoce de la morue à Bordeaux : armateurs, consignataires, marchands. Une attention particulière est portée aux sécheurs ou laveurs de morues qui, en grande partie, sont originaires du Cantal. / This research concerns the industrial development of cod drying plants in Bordeaux urban area (Bordeaux, Talence and Bègles) in the 19th and 20th centuries. It also deals with the cod trade in the port. This new industry in Bordeaux, but also in other french ports, is born around 1825-1830. From 1860, thirty driers of Bordeaux area hold a virtual monopoly of the drying industry in France. The creation of steam mechanical driers in the Norman and Breton ports from 1900 leads to the erosion of Bordeaux monopoly. After the Second World War, the trade and the drying industry have difficulty getting modernized whereas, paradoxically, Bordeaux becomes an important port for cod fishing. By 1968, the development of freezing leads to the fast closing down of the drying plants. Armaments of Bordeaux remain active until 1990s. A part of this study is also dedicated to the sociology of the actors of the cod trade in Bordeaux: ship owners, consigners, merchants. A particular interest is taken in cods-driers who are mostly native of Cantal.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-10T15:03:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação_Memórias_do_Mar_AyrtonBarros_2016.pdf: 953497 bytes, checksum: 30d4d0e0b6baea4e823a4150ded17e07 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T15:03:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação_Memórias_do_Mar_AyrtonBarros_2016.pdf: 953497 bytes, checksum: 30d4d0e0b6baea4e823a4150ded17e07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-21 / Investiga-se a relação entre a educação informal e a manutenção da pesca artesanal e do modo de vida dos pescadores na Colônia de pescadores Z-9 em São José da Coroa Grande, cidade do litoral sul pernambucano. Utiliza-se, desde uma articulação metodológica entre Paul Ricoeur e Ernesto Laclau, a história oral, explorando categorias como trabalho artesanal, economia solidária, economia popular, educação informal. Os dados coletados foram transcritos e analisados de forma cautelosa, a partir de categorias estabelecidas pelo encontro entre teoria e dados empíricos. Concluímos que a identidade dos pescadores é essencialmente discursiva, construindo ou perdendo potência política na medida de sua capacidade de não se deixar enredar pelas lógicas sociais dominantes, hegemonizadas pelos interesses do capital e, especificamente falando, da pesca industrial. Nisto, a educação informal se relaciona intrinsecamente com a pesca artesanal, sendo essencial a sua manutenção, na medida em que possa se contrapor aos efeitos nefastos de uma escolarização voltada para o mercado. / We investigate the relationship between the informal education and the maintenance of artisanal fisheries and the livelihood of fishermen in the colony of fishermen Z-9 in São José da Coroa Grande, a city of the southern coast of Pernambuco. We used, since a methodology joint between Paul Ricoeur and Ernesto Lacrau, the oral history, exploring categories such as craftsmanship, solidarity economy, popular economy, informal education. The collected data were transcribed and analysed carefully, using categories established by the encounter between theory and empirical data. We concluded that the identity of the fishermen is essentially discursive, building or losing political power to the extent of its ability to not to get caught by the dominant social logic, equalized by the interests of the Capital and, specifically, by the Industrial fisheries. This informal education is closelyrelated to artisanal fisheries, being essencial for its maintainance, to the extent that it can counteract the harmful effects of a market-oriented schooling.