• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 83
  • 75
  • 17
  • 10
  • 3
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 225
  • 225
  • 75
  • 73
  • 51
  • 35
  • 31
  • 24
  • 21
  • 21
  • 20
  • 19
  • 19
  • 18
  • 18
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
181

Atividade antimicrobiana de nisina e óleo essencial de orégano (Origanum vulgare L.) sobre Listeria monocytogenes isolada de alimentos / Antimicrobial activity of nisin and essential oil of oregano (Origanum vu/gare L.) on Listeria monocytogenes isolated food

Patricia Polleti Bettini 27 September 2005 (has links)
Não consta resumo na publicação. / Abstract not available.
182

Caracterização de Escherichia coli produtoras de toxina de Shiga (STEC) isoladas na produção de bovinos de cortes e nas respectivas carcaças dos animais abatidos / Characterization of Escherichia coli producing toxins Shiga (STEC) isolated in the production of beef cattle and in the carcasses of their animals slaughtered

Ana Eucares von Laer 02 February 2009 (has links)
Escherichia coli produtoras de toxina de Shiga (STEC) são consideradas importantes patógenos de origem alimentar que apresentam o trato intestinal de ruminantes domésticos, principalmente bovinos, seu reservatório natural. Esses microrganismos estão associados a doenças severas em humanos, tais como colíte hemorrágica (CH) e síndrome urêmica hemolítica (SHU). Este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a ocorrência de STEC em diferentes fontes, ambientais ou não, da criação e abate de bovinos confinados. Além disso, detectar a presença dos genes stx1, stx2, ehxA e eaeA; identificar cepas O157:H7 através da pesquisa do gene uidA; evidenciar a capacidade de produção de Stx e de Eh; identificar variantes de stx e de eaeA; e determinar os sorotipos e a diversidade genética das cepas de STEC. A avaliação da presença dos genes (stx1, stx2, ehxA, eaeA e uidA) e da produção de Eh foi utilizada como triagem para a seleção de cepas possivelmente patogênicas, sendo que do total de 628 isolados avaliados, foram selecionadas 50 cepas STEC e 12 consideradas como EPEC atípicas. Das STEC, 76% foram isolados provenientes de amostras de fezes, enquanto 18% foram de amostras de carcaças e 6% de amostras de água da baia. Seis cepas isoladas de fezes e 1 de carcaça foram sorotipificadas como O157:H7, todas positivas para a presença do gene uidA. Além do sorogrupo O157, nenhum outro, dentre os principais causadores de surtos e casos esporádicos de CH e SHU, foi detectado. Das 30 cepas que apresentaram resultado positivo no ensaio de citotoxicidade em células Vero, 96,7% apresentaram gene para a produção de Stx. Em 17 das STEC foi possível identificar o tipo de Stx produzida, através de ensaio imunocromatográfico, sendo que todas apresentaram os genes correspondentes à toxina identificada, com exceção de uma cepa de carcaça que foi positiva para a produção de ambas as toxinas, mas apresentando apenas o gene stx2. Através da análise por PFGE, observou-se a disseminação e permanência de cepas STEC entre os animais. Dentre as 50 cepas STEC, 28% foram positivas para a variante Stx2d ativável e das 21 cepas eaeApositivas apenas em 8 foram detectadas variantes desse gene, sendo 7 positivas para eae-γ e a outra cepa positiva para eae-β). Através dos resultados obtidos, podemos dizer que a pesquisa do gene uidA pode ser considerada uma ótima ferramenta na triagem de isolados do sorotipo O157:H7. Por outro lado, o gene ehxA e a produção de Eh não se mostraram como bons marcadores para pesquisa de cepas Stx positivas. Houve uma ampla diversidade de sqrotipos/sorogrupos entre as cepas STEC típicas. É importante salientar que, neste estudo, STEC O157:H7 foi detectada pela primeira vez no Brasil em amostra de carcaça de bovino criado em confinamento. A detecção de cepas STEC em amostras de fezes e principalmente em amostras de carcaças de bovinos demonstra um potencial risco à saúde pública, uma vez que tais cepas podem contaminar e chegar viáveis ao produto final. / Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are considered important foodborne pathogens that have the intestinal tract of ruminants, in particular cattle, as reservoir. These microorganisms are associated with severe human diseases as hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). The aims of this research were to evaluate the occurrence of STEC from different sources during the feedlot cattle breeding and slaughtering; detecting the presence of stx1, stx2, ehxA and eaeA genes; identifying O157:H7 strains through uidA; evidencing Stx and Eh production capacity; identifying stx and eaeA variants and determining STEC strains serotypes and genetic diversity. The potentially pathogenic strains were screened by detection of stx1, stx2, ehxA, eaeA and uidA, and Eh production, amongst 628 isolates studied. Fifty isolates were identified as STEC and 12 others as atypical EPEC. Among the STEC isolates, 76% were from feces, 18% from carcasses and 6% from water samples. Six strains isolated from feces and one from carcass were serotyped as O157:H7, ali being positive for the uidA. No other serogroup linked to outbreaks or sporadic cases of HC and HUS were found. From the 30 strains that showed cytotoxic effect on Vero cells, the great majority (96.7%) was positive for stx. Using an immunochromatographic assay, it was possible to identify the type of Stx produced by 17 out of the 50 STEC strains. All but one of these strains harbored the gene correspondent to the identified toxin. The other strain, even though producing both toxins, presented only stx2. It was possible to determine by PFGE the dissemination and persistence of STEC strains among the animals. 14/50 (28%) STEC strains were positive for the variant Stx2d activatable. Amongst 21 eaeA-positive strains, the variants of this gene were detected only in eight, being seven positive for eae-γ and the other eae-β. The results showed that uidA gene can be considered an excellent tool for screening O157:H7 strains. On the other hand, ehxA and Eh production, could not be considered as good markers for Stx-positive strains detection. A great diversity of serotypes/serogroups was observed among typical STEC strains. It is important to notice that this is the first report of O157:H7 strains in carcasses trom feedlot cattle in Brazil. The detection of STEC strain in fecal samples and in carcasses trom feedlot cattle evidences the potential public health risk, once these strains can contaminate the final product.
183

Qualidade microbiológica do leite e do sorvete de massa de uma indústria de pequeno porte do município de Piracicaba - SP. / Microbiological quality of milk and ice cream of a small industry of the district of Piracicaba - SP, Brazil.

Roberta Teresa Rizzo-Benato 19 November 2004 (has links)
Pela demanda elevada de sorvetes a base de leite no mercado, e ocasionais relatos de intoxicação alimentar por esse alimento, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de sorvetes, bem como a de sua principal matéria–prima, o leite. Foram analisadas 24 amostras de leite e 36 de sorvetes dos sabores de maior procura, creme e chocolate. Análises microbiológicas foram realizadas para a determinação do Número Mais Provável (NMP) de coliformes totais e fecais, a enumeração de Staphylococcus coagulase-positiva e a pesquisa de Salmonella spp, análises exigidas pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) (Brasil, 2001). Realizou-se, também, a comparação entre os caldos Escherichia coli - EC (Difco 0314-01-0) e Caldo Verde Brilhante Lactose Bile 2% - CVBLB (Difco 0007-01-2) utilizados no teste confirmativo para a detecção de coliformes fecais, havendo diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre eles na enumeração do NMP de coliformes fecais. Com base nos resultados obtidos, pode-se afirmar que 58,3% das amostras de leite e 19,4% das amostras de sorvetes analisadas apresentaram valores para coliformes fecais acima dos tolerados pela referida legislação quando se utilizou o CVBLB e 70,8% das amostras de leite e 30,6% das amostras de sorvetes apresentaram NMP de coliformes fecais acima dos permitidos pela legislação quando se utilizou o caldo EC. Staphylococcus coagulase-positiva foi detectado em apenas uma amostra de leite (4,2%) e em duas amostras de sorvete (5,6%) e todas as amostras analisadas não apresentaram Salmonella em 25 mL ou 25g. / Due to the high demand of milk base ice cream in the market and occasional milk intoxication, this work aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of vanilla and chocolate ice cream production, as well as its raw material, the milk. Comparisons of the media of Escherichia coli broth - EC (Difco 0314-01-0) and brilliant green bile lactose broth 2% - BGB (Difco 0007-01-2) were used in the confirmation test for fecal coliform counts. The sample microbiological analyses carried out were the counts of total and fecal coliforms, the examination for positive-coagulase Staphylococcus and Salmonella spp, all of them determined by the present brazilian legislation. Basing on the obtained results, the milk exceeded values in 58.3% and the ice cream in 19.4% of the samples analyzed for fecal coliforms using BGB and 70.8% and 30.6%, respectively using EC. Staphylococcus was detected in just one milk sample (4.2%) and two ice cream samples (5.6%) and for Salmonella, all of the samples presented absence of that microorganism. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the EC and BGB media comparisons.
184

Evolução da população bacteriana na linha de produção do queijo minas frescal em uma indústria de laticínios / Evaluation of bacterial population in a dairy processing line of “minas frescal” cheese

Milena Olivieri Lisita 29 July 2005 (has links)
A evolução da população de microrganismos mesófilos aeróbios, coliformes totais e fecais e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva foi estudada na linha de processamento do queijo Minas frescal em uma indústria de laticínios sujeita à fiscalização do Serviço de Inspeção Federal (S.I.F.). Três pontos do processamento foram avaliados individualmente: a pasteurização com amostras de leite cru e leite pasteurizado, a coagulação com amostras de leite pasteurizado, de coalhada cortada e de coalhada dessorada e a salga com amostras de queijos antes e depois da salga e da salmoura. A contagem de microrganismos psicrotróficos aeróbios foi incluída na etapa de salga porque é feita sob refrigeração. E depois foram coletadas amostras de um mesmo lote ao longo da linha. Totalizaram 11 coletas em um ano de estudo. Os resultados mostraram que a pasteurização, único ponto crítico de controle do processo, foi insuficiente para garantir a qualidade microbiológica do leite de acordo com os padrões microbiológicos vigentes, porque o leite cru apresentava péssima qualidade. Durante a coagulação houve crescimento médio de 1,70 ciclos log na população de mesófilos aeróbios e um crescimento médio >3,0 ciclos log na população de coliformes fecais. Durante a salga houve crescimento médio de 0,73 ciclos log na população de mesófilos aeróbios e um crescimento médio de 0,37 ciclos log na população psicrotróficos aeróbios. Ao longo da linha, verificou-se que houve crescimentos da ordem de 11,77 ciclos log de coliformes totais e de >9,68 ciclos log de coliformes fecais do leite pasteurizado até o queijo após a salga. Em relação ao Staphylococcus coagulase positiva não foi detectado aumento expressivo de sua população. Os resultados encontrados indicam que o queijo Minas frescal do laticínio estudado antes de ser embalado já se apresentava impróprio para o consumo, devido às altas contagens de coliformes totais e fecais podendo vir a causar riscos aos consumidores e que o próprio processo de fabricação foi responsável pela alta contaminação, constituindo um problema de saúde pública. / The evaluation of aerobic mesophilic, of total and fecal coliforms and Staphylococcus positive coagulase microorganisms population in a dairy processing line of "Minas frescal" cheese submitted to inspection of Federal Service was studied. Three processing steps were analysed individually: the pasteurisation through samples of raw and pasteurised milk; the coagulation through samples of pasteurised milk, cut and drained curd; and the salting through samples of cheeses before and after salting and brine itself. The aerobic psichrotrophic microorganim’s count was made because salting was carried out under refrigeration. After, all the samples of a same allotment were collected. In one year 11 collections were taken and analysed. The results showed that the pasteurisation, the unique control critical point in the process, was not able to ensure the microbial quality of milk in agreement to the microbial standards, due to the bad quality of the raw milk. On curding the aerobic mesophilic population had an average growth of 1.70 cycles log and the fecal coliforms had an average growth of > 3.0 cycles log. On salting the aerobic mesophilic microorganisms had an average growth of 0.73 cycles log as well the aerobic psichrotrophic population had an average growth of 0.37 cycles log. In the processing line, had an average growth of 11.77 cycles log on the population of total coliforms and >9.68 cycles log on the population of fecal coliforms from pasteurised milk until the cheese after salting. An expressive increase of the number of Staphylococcus positive coagulase was not detected. The results indicated that the manufactured "Minas frescal" cheese was improper for consumption even before packing because the high counting of total and fecal coliforms, being harmful to consumers and the processing was responsible for the high contamination, being a potential public health problem.
185

Potencial antimicrobiano de resíduos agroindustriais sobre Listeria monocytogenes / Antimicrobial potential of agroindustrial residues on Listeria monocytogenes

Cristina Bani Corrêa 08 November 2011 (has links)
Os compostos fenólicos e os glucosinolatos vêm sendo pesquisados quanto à atividade antimicrobiana contra diversos microrganismos patogênicos, dentre eles a Listeria monocytogenes, um perigoso contaminante de alimentos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar resíduos agroindustriais com atividade contra Listeria monocytogenes, bem como identificar a composição química, visando a aplicação na indústria de alimentos. Neste trabalho foram analisados 23 resíduos agroindustriais. Os extratos destes resíduos foram preparados a partir de cinco solventes (hexano; clorofórmio; acetato de etila; etanol:água (80:20 v/v) e água), os quais foram utilizados na avaliação do potencial antimicrobiano contra Listeria monocytogenes por meio do teste de difusão em ágar. Os extratos que apresentaram resultado positivo foram selecionados para as análises de Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM), Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM), citometria de fluxo e composição química por CG-EM. A L. monocytogenes mostrou-se sensível apenas aos extratos aquosos de talo de brócolis e casca de abóbora moranga e extrato clorofórmico de semente de mamão apresentando valores de CIM de 102,4 mg/mL, >102,4 mg/mL e de 6,4mg/mL, respectivamente. A análise de citometria de fluxo demonstrou alterações na morfologia das células, frente aos extratos testados. A principal ação dos extratos foi em função da inibição do crescimento do microrganismo e da redução de sua população. Os extratos apresentaram uma composição química peculiar. Nos extratos de talo de brócolis e casca de abóbora foram encontrados alguns ácidos fenólicos e orgânicos, enquanto que no extrato de semente de mamão o único composto encontrado com potencial antimicrobiano foi o benzil-isotiocianato. Diante da dificuldade em evitar a contaminação de alimentos por L. monocytogenes, a utilização de compostos antimicrobianos naturais derivados de resíduos agroindustriais se mostra promissora e pode ser uma alternativa para auxiliar na segurança dos alimentos. / The phenolic compounds and glucosinolates have been investigated for their antimicrobial activity against several pathogenic microorganisms, including Listeria monocytogenes, a dangerous contaminant of food. This study has as main objective valuate agroindustrial residues with activity against Listeria monocytogenes, well as evaluate the chemical composition, aimed at their application in food industry. In this work we analyzed 23 agroindustrial residues. The extracts of these residues were prepared from five solvents (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol:water (80:20 v/v) and water), which were used in evaluating the antimicrobial potential against Listeria monocytogenes by the agar diffusion test. The extracts that tested positive were selected for analysis of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), flow cytometry and chemical composition by GC-MS. L. monocytogenes showed sensibility only to aqueous extracts of stalk of broccoli and peel pumpkin and chloroform extract of papaya seed showing MIC values of 102.4 mg / mL,> 102.4 mg / mL and 6.4 mg / mL, respectively. The flow cytometry analysis showed changes in cell morphology, front of to tested extracts. The main action of the extracts was as a function the inhibition of growth of microorganisms and reducing its population. The extracts showed a peculiar chemical composition. In extracts of broccoli stalks and peel pumpkin were found some phenolic acids and organic, while the extract in papaya seed found the single compound with antimicrobial potential was benzyl-isothiocyanate. Given the difficulties in preventing food contamination by L. monocytogenes, the use of natural antimicrobial compounds derived from agroindustrial residues shows promise and can be an alternative to aid in safety of food.
186

Práticas adotadas pelo consumidor na compra e utilização do ovo na alimentação / Practices adopted by consumers in the purchase and use of egg in the feeding

Daniele Leal 13 October 2011 (has links)
A infecção por Salmonela é a principal causa de diarréia no Brasil e os ovos contaminados e alimentos preparados a base destes, estão associados a esta ocorrência. Para avaliar as práticas adotadas pelos consumidores durante a compra, armazenamento e manipulação de ovos nos domicílios, relacionar as preparações a base destes com o risco de salmonelose e verificar a percepção da população estudada quanto aos problemas para a saúde causados pelo consumo de ovos crus e mal cozidos foi realizado um levantamento no período de março a junho de 2009, a partir do preenchimento de questionários por amostra (n=664) composta de pais de alunos de escolas de educação infantil municipais e particulares em um município paulista. Foi criado o Índice de Boas Práticas Ponderado (IBPp) e calculado através de ponderação as respostas conforme adequação. A média do consumo mensal per capita de ovos encontrada foi de 4,55. Dos participantes, 77% declarou comprar ovos em super/hipermercados, 81% relatou encontrá-los fora de refrigeração nos locais de venda. Observou-se probabilidade 2,41 vezes maior dos ovos serem comercializados mantidos sob refrigeração em locais com produção familiar. A validade foi o critério mais relevante (69,4% das citações) para a decisão de compra, 79,5% descartava ovos rachados ou quebrados, 65,1% armazenava na porta da geladeira e 43,5% não realizava procedimento de limpeza antes da sua utilização. O IBPp foi considerado médio para 59,8% e adequado para 6,5% dos participantes da pesquisa e relacionou-se positivamente ao nível de exigência no momento da compra pelo consumidor. Das preparações que oferecem risco, identificou-se o maior consumo do ovo frito com gema mole (44,5%), seguido por suflês, musses, coberturas de bolos com ovos crus (20,8%). Da população estudada, 61,3% declarou já ter relacionado algum sintoma de doença gastrointestinal com o consumo de alimento. Ainda, 27,3% relacionou a existência do risco de contaminação às condições higiênicas durante o preparo dos alimentos e estes participantes relataram consumir menos preparos com ovos crus e mal cozidos em relação aos que não tem esta percepção. É necessário que haja adequação das práticas adotadas durante a compra, armazenamento, manipulação e preparo seguro de ovos no domicílio para a diminuição do risco de infecção por Salmonella e o planejamento de programas ou ações educativas mais eficazes para a população visando orientá-la para que as práticas adotadas sejam seguras. / The infection caused by Salmonella is the main cause of diarrhea in Brazil and the contaminated food prepared with eggs are associated with this occurrence. To evaluate practices adopted by consumers concerning purchase, storage and handling of eggs and to relate the preparation of eggs consumed with the risk of salmonellosis and to verify the perception of the studied population regarding health problems caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked eggs, a survey was conducted from March to June 2009, by filling out questionnaires for sample in a city of São Paulo state (n = 664) composed by parents of students of public and private preschools. The Good Practice Weighted Index (IGPw) was created and calculated pondering the answers by adjustment. The average of monthly consumption of eggs per capita found was 4.55. From the total participants, 77% stated that their eggs came from regular supermarkets, 81% reported that they were out of refrigeration at the points of sale. There was a 2.41 times higher probability of the commercialized eggs being under proper refrigeration when sold by local merchants. The expire date criteria was more relevant (69.4% of quotations) for the decision of purchase, 79,5% didnt use cracked or broken eggs, 65,1% of costumers store their eggs in the refrigerators door and 43,5% didnt clean them before use. IGPw was considered average to 59,8% and appropriate for 6,5% of survey participants and it was related positively to the purchase requirement level used by the consumer. The preparations what offer risky identified were fried egg with runny yolk (44.5% of quotation), followed by souffles, mousses and cakes with topping prepared with raw eggs (20.8%). From the population studied, 61.3% stated already have referenced some symptoms of gastrointestinal disease related with the consumption of food. Still, 27.3% related the risk of contamination and hygienic conditions during food preparation. These participants consumed less inadequate preparations with eggs than those who didnt have that perception. Adequate practices must be adopted during the purchase, storage and handling of eggs at home in order to decrease the risk of infection by Salmonella and is necessary educational programs in order to ensure that good and safe practices will be adopted by population.
187

Avaliação dos teores de arsênio total em cação, por meio de técnicas espectrométricas / Evaluation of the total arsenic contents in cation, by means of spectrometric techniques

Almeida, Marise Cristina Soares de 13 April 2005 (has links)
O arsênio é um importante contaminante estudado em toxicologia, pois pode estar presente em alimentos e no meio ambiente. Seus efeitos nocivos para humanos depende da forma química, onde os arsenicais trivalentes apresentam maior toxicidade e as formas inorgânicas são melhor absorvidas pelo organismo. Seus efeitos tóxicos podem envolver os sistemas respiratórios, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, nervoso e hematopoiético. O arsênio pode ser encontrado em alguns gêneros alimentícios em concentrações menores que 1 mg/Kg. Em frutos do mar, tais como peixes pode conter teores que vão desde 1 a mais de 100 mg/Kg e em outros alimentos à base de peixe podem chegar à algumas miligramas por quilo, predominantemente na forma orgânica. A quantidade de arsênio ingerido pelo homem está diretamente influenciada pelo consumo de alimentos marinhos incluídos na dieta. Este trabalho tem por objetivo comparar duas técnicas: a colorimétrica, com o método do dietilditiocarbamato de prata e por absorção atômica com gerador de hidratos (HGAAS) e com isso avaliar a presença de arsênio em amostras de cação comercializadas na cidade de São Paulo. O método colorimétrico do dietilditiocarbamato de prata, baseia-se na transformação das diversas formas orgânica ou inorgânica de arsênio presentes nos alimentos, em pentóxido de arsênio e sua redução final à arsina, através do meio ácido e da presença de hidrogênio nascente liberado na reação do ácido com zinco metálico. No segundo método as amostras são mineralizadas e quantificadas no Absorção Atômica com gerador de hidretos(HGAAS).O método do dietilditiocarbamato de prata apresentou limite de detecção e quantificação de 0,05 e 0,1 &#181;g/mL, respectivamente. A linearidade obtida com massas de 5 a 20 &#181;g apresentou um coeficiente de determinação de 0,9970. Por este método foram analisadas 18 amostras de cação com níveis entre 0,17 à 3,79 mg/Kg. Com a técnica por HGAAS foi analisado MRC de ostra e foi obtido recuperação em torno de 94%. Foi encontrado limite de detecção de 0,93 &#181;g/L e limite de quantificação de 1,49 &#181;g/L. Foram analisadas 9 amostras por ambas as técnicas e 89% delas continham teores de arsênio total acima de 1 mg/Kg, que é o limite admitido pela legislação brasileira. / Arsenic is an important pollutant studied in toxicology, due to the fact that it can be present in food and in the environment. Its toxicity for humans depends on its chemical structure where trivalent arsenicals show higher toxicity and inorganic forms are better absorbed by the organism. Its toxicant effects can involve the respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, nervous and blood systems. The arsenic can be found in some foods in smaller concentrations than 1 mg/Kg. Fish and crustaceous may contain 1 to 100 mg/Kg, in some cases, marine fishes may show amounts of As up to milligrams per killogram, predominantly in the organic form. The amount of arsenic ingested by man is directly influenced by the consumption of marine food included in the diet. This present work compare two techniques: the colorir11etric, with the method of the silver dietylditiocarbamate and the atomic absorption with hydride generator (HGAAS) aiming the evaluation of total arsenic present in samples of fish marketed in the city of São Paulo. The method using silver dietylditiocarbamate, is based on the transformation of all organic or inorganic forms of arsenic present in edible parts of fish, in arsenic pentoxide and its final reduction to arsine. In the second method the samples are mineralized and quantified by atomic absorption with hydride generator. The first method showed limit of detection and quantification of 0,05 and 0,1 &#181;g/mL, respectively. Linearity obtained with masses of 5 to 20 &#181;g showed a coefficient of determination of 0,9970. By this method 18 fish samples ware analyzed showing levels of 0,17 to 3,79 mg/Kg. By HGAAS method oyster certified reference material was analyzed and it was obtained a recovery of 94%, limit of detection of 0,93 &#181;g/L and limit of quantification of 1,49 &#181;g/L. Nine samples were analyzed by both techniques and 89% of them have As content higher than 1 mg/Kg, which is the limit admitted by the Brazilian legislation.
188

The food safety knowledge of street food vendors and the sanitary conditions of their street food vending environment, Zululand District, South Africa

Nkosi, Nelly Virginia 01 1900 (has links)
Street-vended foods are convenient and cheap meals, but their contamination can lead to foodborne illness. This study aimed to evaluate food safety knowledge of street food vendors in Ulundi and AbaQulusi local municipalities of Zululand District, South Africa and compliance of their street food vending environment to sanitary requirements. A cross sectional survey design was utilised to gather data from 400 street food vendors using interviews. A piloted checklist was used to collect data on the sanitary characteristics from 200 randomly selected street food vending facilities. Most of the street food vendors were black (99%), females (73%), and above 35 years (55%). Only the minority of street food vendors had attended a high school (47%) and the vast majority (77%) of them had not attended any food safety training course. The majority (64.7%) of respondents knew that food should not be handled when they have diarrhoea, even if their hands were washed regularly, neither when they have flu, colds, cough, or catarrh. The minority (43%) of street food vendors knew that the use of separate cutting boards for meat and salad, and washing them between uses are the safest ways to avoid cross-contamination. The majority (79.4%) of street food vendors were aware that microorganisms could cause foodborne diseases that may lead to death. The vast majority (76%) of street food vendors had low food safety knowledge and only 14% of the street food vending sites had high compliance with sanitary conditions. In conclusion, most street food vendors possessed inadequate food safety knowledge in key food safety parameters and most of the street food vending facilities were noncompliant. Furthermore, most of them operate under poor sanitary conditions. Street food vendors should be provided with compliant waste disposal and standard kitchen facilities with water resources to ensure hygienic preparation and serving of food. / Life and Consumer Sciences / M. Cons. Sci.
189

Food Contamination Narratives in United States News Media

Plummer, Stephanie C. 15 April 2009 (has links)
No description available.
190

Microbial hazards associated with food preparation in Central South African HIV/Aids hospices

Nkhebenyane, Jane Sebolelo January 2010 (has links)
Thesis (M. Tech.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2010 / South Africa currently faces one of the highest HIV prevalence rates in the world. As this prevalence rises, the strain placed on its hospitals is likely to increase due to the shortage of beds. The devastating effects of HIV/AIDS initiated the establishment of a hospice which is a non-governmental organisation whose goal is the provision of care for terminally ill patients, either in their homes, in hospitals or in a hospice’s own in-patients wards. Part of the hospice’s mission is to offer palliative care without charge to anyone who requires it. The basic elements of hospice care include pain and symptom management, provision of support to the bereaving family and promoting a peaceful and dignified death. This also includes the provision of cooked foods to the patients using the kitchen facilities of the hospices for this activity. It is well known that the kitchen is particularly important in the spread of infectious disease in the domestic environment due to many activities that occur in this particular setting. Food and water safety is especially important to the persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or with immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).It is estimated that food-borne pathogens (disease–causing agents) are responsible for 76 million illnesses, some resulting in death, in the United States alone every year. In one study of patients with AIDS, two-thirds had diarrhoeal disease and in two-thirds of these, the following enteric pathogens were identified: Salmonella, Shigella, Listeria, Yersnia, Cryptosporidium, Entamoeba histolylica and Campylobacter sp. In an epidemiological study of patients with HIV infection a close association was found between consumption of raw or partially cooked fish and antimicrobial-resistant Mycobacterium avium complex. Antibiotic resistance in food-borne pathogens has become a reality and this poses a serious threat to the medical fraternity since it diminishes the effectiveness of treatment. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of foodborne pathogens including bio aerosols isolated from the kitchen surfaces and food handler’s before and after cooking. The antibiotic resistance of the isolated pathogens was further determined to assess their impact on treatment. The following microbiota were isolated: Total viable counts (TVC), Coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas and presumptive Salmonella. The hospices had high counts of E.coli and S.aureus on the cutting boards for the breakfast session compared to the traditional home based kitchens. It was speculated that this could have originated from crosscontamination via the foodhandler’s hands and the food served. It is evident from the results that hospices lack a management system regarding the prevalence of E. coli as it was present on the cutting boards throughout the food preparation sessions. Gram negative organisms (coliform and P. aeruginosa) were in particular both resistant to oxacillin and this pose a great challenge in this particular setting. This can be addressed by putting emphasis on hygiene as a strategy per se for reducing antibiotic resistance.

Page generated in 0.1058 seconds