The effect of meal-time exposure to food advertisements (FA) on food intake, subjective appetite and caloric compensation was investigated in overweight/obese (OW/OB) and normal weight (NW) boys (study 1) and girls (study 2). In random order, each participant watched either FA or non-food advertisements (NFA) 30 min after consumption of either a non-caloric sweetened control (CON) or a glucose (GLU) drink. Food advertisements increased food intake only in OW/OB girls. The GLU drink reduced food intake in both girls and boys despite no changes in subjective appetite. Food advertisements did not modify the response to the GLU drink in girls and contrary to the hypothesis they magnified the reduction in energy intake following the GLU drink in boys. In conclusion, FA in a TV program during consumption of a pizza meal by NW and OW/OB boys and girls increased food intake only in OW/OB girls and increased caloric compensation for the GLU drink at meal time in boys but not in girls.

The relationship between substrate oxidation (RER) and food intake (FI) is undefined. This study examined the effects of RER modified by a glucose pre-load (GL), exercise (EX) and GL with EX on, FI and energy balance (NEB) in normal-weight boys (9-12 y) and men (20-30 y). Subjects (15 boys, 15 men) were randomized with treatments of either water or GL followed by either EX or rest. Measures included RER, energy expenditure (EE)(kcal/kg), subjective appetite, FI(kcal/kg) measured at a pizza lunch and NEB (kcal/kg). FI(kcal/kg) was reduced by GL(p < 0.0001), and further decreased with GL ingested prior to EX(p = 0.0254). RER was increased with GL(p < 0.0001) and EX(p = 0.0043), and was higher in men compared to boys (p = 0.007). There was no association between RER and FI(kcal/kg). In conclusion, there was no relationship between RER and FI, suggesting that FI is not affected by substrate oxidation.

The effect of meal-time exposure to food advertisements (FA) on food intake, subjective appetite and caloric compensation was investigated in overweight/obese (OW/OB) and normal weight (NW) boys (study 1) and girls (study 2). In random order, each participant watched either FA or non-food advertisements (NFA) 30 min after consumption of either a non-caloric sweetened control (CON) or a glucose (GLU) drink. Food advertisements increased food intake only in OW/OB girls. The GLU drink reduced food intake in both girls and boys despite no changes in subjective appetite. Food advertisements did not modify the response to the GLU drink in girls and contrary to the hypothesis they magnified the reduction in energy intake following the GLU drink in boys. In conclusion, FA in a TV program during consumption of a pizza meal by NW and OW/OB boys and girls increased food intake only in OW/OB girls and increased caloric compensation for the GLU drink at meal time in boys but not in girls.

The relationship between substrate oxidation (RER) and food intake (FI) is undefined. This study examined the effects of RER modified by a glucose pre-load (GL), exercise (EX) and GL with EX on, FI and energy balance (NEB) in normal-weight boys (9-12 y) and men (20-30 y). Subjects (15 boys, 15 men) were randomized with treatments of either water or GL followed by either EX or rest. Measures included RER, energy expenditure (EE)(kcal/kg), subjective appetite, FI(kcal/kg) measured at a pizza lunch and NEB (kcal/kg). FI(kcal/kg) was reduced by GL(p < 0.0001), and further decreased with GL ingested prior to EX(p = 0.0254). RER was increased with GL(p < 0.0001) and EX(p = 0.0043), and was higher in men compared to boys (p = 0.007). There was no association between RER and FI(kcal/kg). In conclusion, there was no relationship between RER and FI, suggesting that FI is not affected by substrate oxidation.

Obesity constitutes a problem whose manifestations have consequences in almost every field of the medicine and nowadays there is a lack of pharmacological therapy alternatives for its long term treatment. Lipidic compounds as endocannabinoids and PPAR-α ligands are known to play an important role in the modulation of appetite and metabolism. Three series of fatty acid derivatives of catechol compounds were synthesized and their biological activity evaluated. Some of the synthesized compounds presented LDL antioxidant activity and/or food intake modulation in an animal model and their mechanism of action was also evaluated. The pharmacodynamics of the synthesized compounds could be explained by CB1 and PPAR-α interactions nevertheless it does not explain the activity of all compounds. / La obesidad es un problema cuyas manifestaciones tienen consecuencias en casi todos los campos de la medicina y actualmente existe una escasez de terapias farmacológicas para su tratamiento de uso continuo. Se sabe que algunos compuestos lipídicos como los endocanabinoides y ligandos del PPAR-α participan de manera importante en la modulación del apetito y en el metabolismo. Tres series de compuestos derivados de ácidos grasos con compuestos catecólicos fueron sintetizadas y sus actividades biológicas fueron evaluadas. Algunos de los compuestos presentó inhibición de la oxidación de la LDL y/o modulación de la ingesta en modelo animal y sus mecanismos de acción fueron también evaluados. La actividad de los compuestos pasa por interacciones con el receptor CB1 y el PPAR-α pero estas interacciones no explican la actividad de todos los compuestos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:29:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lopes_gaz_me_arafcf.pdf: 605984 bytes, checksum: 282fc36dc56b75efba4c144b30e02212 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O presente trabalho determinou a prevalência de subnutrição, sobrepeso e obesidade, a freqüência alimentar, preferências e aversões das preparações servidas na merenda escolar, prática de atividade física, bem como avaliou as associações entre o estado nutricional, perfil sociofamiliar, consumo alimentar e atividade física de um grupo de escolares do Ensino Fundamental de 1ª a 4ª séries, pertencentes à rede estadual da cidade de Araraquara - SP, durante o período de dezembro de 2003 a junho de 2004, representando uma amostra de 77,41% da população dos escolares da rede estadual de ensino. Participaram do estudo, 4802 escolares sendo, 2391 meninos (49,79%) e 2411 meninas (50,21%), da faixa etária entre 6 a 17 anos. Dos, 4802 escolares avaliados segundo as medidas antropométricas apenas, 2228 (46,40%) devolveram o Questionário Sociofamiliar preenchido e 634 (13,20%) o Questionário de Freqüência Alimentar. As medidas antropométricas foram realizadas, em todas as escolas. Os dois Questionários foram preenchidos, no domicílio pelos pais ou responsáveis. A avaliação da subnutrição foi realizada pelo método escore Z para os índices, altura para idade (AI), peso para idade (PI) e peso para altura (PA) e comparado com o padrão, NCHS (CDC, 2000). Já, as avaliações da prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade foram realizadas através dos pontos de corte do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) estabelecidos por Cole et al (2000) para gênero e idade. Os resultados evidenciaram para o gênero masculino e feminino, respectivamente uma prevalência de subnutrição grave (Z _ - 3) de 0,21% e 0,04% para AI; 0,21% e 0,17%, para PI e 0% e 0,77% para PA. Para subnutrição moderada (- 3 < Z _ - 2) foram encontrados, 1,63% e 1,62% para AI; 1,92% e 1,78% para PI e 2,37% e 0,77%, para PA, também foram avaliados com subnutrição leve ( -2 < Z _ -1)14,05% e 11,32% para AI... / The present work evaluated the prevalence of malnutrition, overweight and obesity, food frequency, preferences and aversion to the daily meals served at schools and practice of physical activities. It also evaluated associations among the nutritional status, social profile of the family, food intake and physical activity of a group of students at the grades 1st to 4th of elementary school of 13 state schools in Araraquara -SP, from December 2003 to June 2004, representing a sample of 77.41% of the students population from the state schools. 4802 students participated in the study. 2391 were boys (49.79%) and 2411 were girls (50.21%) aged from 6 to 17 years old. From the 4802 students evaluated with anthropometric measure, only 2228 (46.40%) handed in the Social Questionnaire. The anthropometric measures were performed by the author of this study in each school. The Social Questionnaire covered questions related to family income, number of people that lived in the house, parents' education and profession, preferences and aversion to the daily meals served at schools, repetition of the meals and practice of physical activity. The Food Frequency Questionnaire included a list of 93 foods usually eaten by students. The 2 Questionnaires were filled by the parents or guardians at home. The evaluation of malnutrition was accomplished by the method Z escore for the anthropometric indexes: Height- for-Age (HA), Weight-for-Age (WA) and Weight-for-Height (WH) and compared to the NCHS standard (CDC, 2000). The evaluation of the overweight and obesity prevalence was accomplished by the cut point method for BMI established by Cole et al (2000) for sex and age. The results showed that for both boys and girls a prevalence of sever malnutrition (below - 3 SD) was 0.21% and 0.04% for HA, 0.21% and 0.17% for WA and 0% and 0.77% for WH. For moderate malnutrition... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)

The main objective of this thesis was to assess food intake by bream, depending on the onset and end of spawning period. To meet the objectives of a practical experiment was carried out. This experiment was run on the dams Hamry and Brno in the years 2008 and 2009. Subsequently it was determined by standard methods. These methods (indirect, food frequency, filling index, index of superiority and gonadosomatic index. Subsequently, an analysis of stomach.

Thesis deals with the issue of food intake disorders in secondary school. The theoretical part of the work is focused on defining the terms anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Starting with historical development of these diseases, through complexity of causes and consequences of the disease and description of an endangered group of patients, I got to the contemporary medical treatment used. The practical part of this work consists of the questionnaire survey of adolescent students. Based on the results of this survey I proposed a brief prevention program, targeting in particular parents and teachers, including practical advices how to support the prevention of food intake disorder diseases of adolescents.

Common problems in the developing countries includes protein-energy undernutrition and iron deficiency anemia. These nutritional deficiencies are commonly associated with intestinal parasites, causing damage to growth and development and increasing the risk to morbidity-mortality. However, studies have shown controversy about this relationship. This study aimed to evaluate the association between parasitic, nutritional status, food intake and social indicators in children and adolescents, living in a slum area of Maceio, Alagoas. A cross-sectional was taken in a public with 367 individuals under 16 years old, living in a substandard settlement in Maceio, Alagoas. Parasitological, socioeconomic and nutritional evaluations were performed. Sedimentation concentration method and Kato-Katz techniques were used for stool examinations. Socioeconomic data was collected through the use of questionnaires addressing issues relating to housing conditions, economic characteristics and behaviors related to sanitation education. The nutritional evaluation included dietary assessment, biochemical examinations and anthropometric measurements. The dietary evaluation used the method of Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) as a cutoff point, and the data collected through 24 hour recall, adjusted for intrapersonal variability. Serum concentrations of hemoglobin (Hb), iron (SI) and ferritin (SF) were measured to assess the organic iron status. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated using the height-for-age index and body mass index for age, expressed as Z scores in relation to anthropometric growth patterns of WHO 2005/2006. The association between variables was performed by bivariate followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. In all the tests a 5% statistical level of significance was adopted. The population studied lacked basic sanitation and most had an income lower or equal to the minimum salary. The frequency of enteroparasitosis in children and adolescents was 68.0% with 63.7% having polyparasitosis. Of the total number of individuals assessed by anthropometry, 12.3% presented with stature deficit and 3.5% with low weight. The frequencies of short stature and overweight (13.4%) were equivalent. Levels lower than the reference values were found for SF, SI and Hb in 15,9%, 33,2% and 10% of individuals, respectively. With respect to food intake, 5.6% presented with excessive and 3.7% with insufficient energy intake. The frequency of inadequate protein intake ranged from 28.6% to 47.8% between age groups, and consumption of micronutrients was more deficient in the age group from 1 to 3 years. Concerning association between variables, it was not possible to build a final multivariate logistic model for short stature and low weight, because no association was found with these anthropometric deficits and the other variables. The serum concentrations of SF and SI and economic class were associated with anemia. Intestinal parasitosis was associated with economic class and overcrowded living conditions. Because of morbidity caused by parasitic infections and the adverse effects of anemia and nutrition on the growth and development of children and adolescents, the results presented warn of the need for implementation of actions to correct the identified problems. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Problemas comuns nos países em desenvolvimento incluem a desnutrição energético-protéica e a anemia ferropriva. Estas carências nutricionais são comumente associadas ao parasitismo intestinal, causando prejuízos ao crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil, além de aumentar os riscos de morbimortalidade. Entretanto, estudos têm demonstrado controvérsias a respeito desta relação. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a associação entre parasitoses, estado nutricional, consumo alimentar e indicadores sociais em crianças e adolescentes, residentes numa área de invasão em Maceió, Alagoas. Para tal, realizou-se um estudo de delineamento transversal com 367 indivíduos menores de 16 anos, residentes em uma área de assentamento subnormal de Maceió, Alagoas. Foram realizadas avaliações parasitológica, sócio-econômica e nutricional. Para os exames coproparasitológicos foram utilizados os métodos de sedimentação espontânea e Kato-Katz. Os dados socioeconômicos foram coletados através da aplicação de questionários abordando aspectos referentes às condições de moradia, características econômicas e comportamentos relacionados à educação sanitária. A avaliação nutricional incluiu inquérito dietético, exame bioquímico e avaliação antropométrica. Na avaliação dietética utilizou-se o método da Necessidade Média Estimada (EAR) como ponto de corte, sendo os dados coletados através de recordatório de 24 horas, ajustados quanto à variabilidade intrapessoal. Foram dosadas as concentrações séricas de hemoglobina, ferro sérico (FeS) e ferritina (FER) para avaliação do estado orgânico de ferro. As medidas antropométricas foram avaliadas através do índice altura para idade e do índice de massa corporal para idade, expressos em escores Z em relação ao padrão antropométrico de crescimento da OMS 2005/2006. A associação entre as variáveis foi realizada por análise logística bivariada seguida da multivariada. Em todos os testes, foi adotado um nível de significância estatística de 5%. A população estudada não possui saneamento básico, encontra-se nas piores classes econômicas e a maioria dela possui renda menor ou igual a um salário mínimo. A freqüência de enteroparasitoses nas crianças e adolescentes foi 68,0%, sendo 63,7% com poliparasitismo. Do total de indivíduos avaliados pela antropometria, 12,3% apresentou déficit estatural e 3,5% baixo peso. As freqüências de déficit estatural (12,3%) e sobrepeso (13,4%) foram equivalentes. Dosagens abaixo da referência para FER, FeS e Hb foram encontradas, repectivamente, em 15,9%, 33,2% e 10% dos indivíduos. Com relação ao consumo alimentar, 5,6% apresentavam ingestão energética excessiva e 3,7% insuficiente. A freqüência de ingestão protéica inadequada variou de 28,6% a 47,8% entre as faixas etárias, e o consumo dos micronutrientes foi mais deficiente na faixa etária de 1 a 3 anos. Na verificação da associação entre as variáveis, não foi possível construir um modelo logístico multivariado final para déficit estatural e baixo peso, pois não foi encontrada associação destes agravos antropométricos com as demais variáveis. A concentração sérica de FER, concentração de FeS e classe econômica associaram-se com anemia. As enteroparasitoses apresentaram associação com classe econômica e aglomeração familiar. Devido à morbidade causada pelas parasitoses, e os efeitos prejudiciais da anemia e nutrição inadequada para o crescimento e desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes, os resultados apresentados alertam para a necessidade de implantação de ações para correção dos problemas identificados.

Redução da ingestão alimentar, inapetência e disfagia são sintomas que comprometem o estado nutricional de pacientes oncológicos. Apesar destes sintomas serem relevantes para a magnitude do problema do câncer que acomete o trato gastrointestinal (TGI), eles têm sido avaliados isoladamente ou em combinação com outros fatores para compor parte de questionários de qualidade de vida, ferramentas de risco e estado nutricional. Dessa forma, verificou-se a necessidade de criar e validar uma ferramenta específica que analise esses aspectos conjuntamente como parâmetro de “capacidade” alimentar em pacientes com câncer do TGI e servir como parâmetro auxiliar no diagnóstico do estado nutricional. Este é um estudo piloto, transversal, prospectivo, no qual 41 pacientes de ambos os sexos (20 do sexo feminino e 21 do sexo masculino), maiores de 18 anos de idade, com média de idade de 59 anos, com neoplasias malignas do TGI superior (esôfago, estômago, pâncreas, vesícula biliar e fígado) e inferior (cólon, reto), atendidos no Serviço de Cirurgia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), foram avaliados utilizando-se um novo escore para capacidade alimentar, o Score of “Eat-ability” (SEA) comparando-se à ASG-PPP, antropometria e métodos laboratoriais.Entre os pacientes avaliados, 11 (26,8%) tinham capacidade alimentar plena (SEA=0);3(7,3%) moderada (SEA=1) e 27 (65,9%) crítica (SEA ≥2). Houve diferença significativa entre capacidade alimentar, quando comparados TGI superior e inferior(p=0,05). Os pontos de corte do SEA (1 e ≥2) determinados pela curva ROC em relação à ASG-PPP (B e C), demonstrou sensibilidade de 80% (IC95%:0,48-0,95) e especificidade de 80% (IC95%:0,63-0,91); com área abaixo da curva(AUC) ROCde 0,79 (IC95%:0,64-0,95; p=0,006). Pacientes com SEA ≥2 apresentaram maior percentual de perda ponderal aos 3 (p=0,001) e 6 meses (p<0,001), quando comparados aos pacientes com escore SEA 0 e 1. A incidência de óbitos foi superior tanto no grupo de pacientes gravemente desnutridos (84,2%), quando analisados pela ASG-PPP, quanto no grupo com capacidade alimentar crítica no SEA (76,9%);(ambos p=0,01). A avaliação conjunta da ingestão alimentar, disfagia e apetite parece permitir classificar indivíduos com capacidade alimentar comprometida, que significativamente repercute no estado nutricional e no risco de óbito de pacientes com tumores do TGI. / Decreased food intake, inappetence and dysphagia are symptoms that compromise the nutritional status of cancer patients. Although these symptoms are relevant to the magnitude of the cancer problem that affects the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), they have been assessed separately or in combination with other factors to form part of quality of life questionnaires, risk assessment tools and nutritional status. Therefore, it was verified the need to create and validate a specific instrument that can identify "food capacity" in patients with cancer of the GITand to help as an ancillary parameter in the assessment of the nutritional status. This is a cross-sectional prospective study in which 41 patients of both sexes (20 females and 21 males), over 18 years, with a mean age of 59 years, with malignant neoplasms of the upper (esophagus, stomach, pancreas, gallbladder and liver) and lower GIT (colon, rectum), attended at the Department of Surgery, Hospital de Clínicas of Porto Alegre, University Attached (HCPA), were evaluated using a new proposed approach – The Score of “Eat-ability” (SEA) as compared to PG-SGA, anthropometry and laboratory profile. Of the patients evaluated, 11(26.8%) had full food capacity (SEA = 0); 3 (7.3%) moderate (SEA 1) and 27 (65.9%) poor (SEA ≥2). Significant difference was found between food capacity, when comparing upper and lower GIT (p = 0.05). By ROC curves SEA 1 and ≥2 in relation to ASG-PPP (B and C) showed an 80% (95%CI: 0.48-0.95) sensibility as well as an 80% specificity (95%CI: 0.63-0.91); with area under curve (AUC) of 0.79 (95%CI: 0.64-0.95; p=0.006). Patients with SEA ≥2 had a significantly weight loss within 3 (p=0.001) and 6 months (p<0.001) when compared to patients with SEA 0 and 1. Mortality was higher among severely unnourished (84.2%) patients by PG-SGA or critical food capacity by SEA (76.9%);(both p=0.01). The combined evaluation of food intake, dysphagia and appetite allows a reliable classification of individuals with compromised food capacity significantly affecting nutritional status and consequently in the risk of death of patients with TGI tumors.