The classification of late medieval literary cycles according to localised subject matter, such as the 'Matter of France', the 'Matter of Britain' and the 'Matter of Rome', has proven to be an enduring one in modern scholarship. This model has also been applied to Old Norse saga literature, particularly the fornaldarsögur, within which the 'Matter of Hrafnista' and the 'Matter of Gautland' have been identified as prominent examples. The latter cycle consists of Gautreks saga, Hrólfs saga Gautrekssonar and Bósa saga ok Herrauðs, all of whose heroes are descended from and primarily based in Gautland (modern-day Götaland in central-southern Sweden). This cycle has not been explored in any great depth, to the same extent that other 'Matters' have been, and it is therefore the primary focus of this dissertation. The dissertation begins with a brief overview of previous scholarship on the ancient and medieval Götar and Götaland. This subject has long been of interest to scholars, not least because of the common identification of the Götar with the Geatas mentioned in Old English poetry, most notably Beowulf, but the matter is made notoriously problematic by sparse and sometimes unreliable evidence. Following this overview, introduction is made to Michel Foucault's theory of the heterotopia, a spatial framework which has only begun to be applied to Old Norse literature within the last decade. Indeed, this dissertation marks the first time that Foucault's heterotopia has been used as the theoretical framework for an extensive analysis of any Old Norse texts. An important contention of this dissertation is that the depictions of Gautland in Old Norse literature collectively fulfil Foucault's six criteria of the heterotopia, and furthermore that Gautland can productively be considered a literary heterotopia. Accordingly, after establishing the theoretical framework, I explore the main patterns of conceptualisation found in the depictions of Gautland across the main genres of Old Norse literature. The purpose of this survey is to provide context for a closer analysis of the construction of Gautland in the three 'Matter of Gautland' fornaldarsögur. Because these three sagas involve Gautish heroes and, accordingly, feature Gautland as an important space, they inevitably reflect a significant depth of conceptualisation of the region, and the rest of this dissertation employs the heterotopic framework to illuminate the ways in which this conceptualisation is manifested. Each of the three 'Matter of Gautland' sagas is analysed in turn, and certain aspects of the construction of Gautland, which happen to correspond strongly to individual principles of Foucault's heterotopia, are identified as common to all three. All three sagas deploy allusions to prominent traditions associated with Gautland, especially to the celebrated Brávellir and Ragnarr loðbrók legends, the effect of which is to imbue the Gautland of each saga with legendary veracity. All three sagas also construct Gautland within their own system of relational geopolitical space, although these constructions are manifested differently in each saga. Indeed, as well as common aspects, each saga also naturally contains many points of idiosyncratic distinction and nuance in their construction of Gautland as well. Both Gautreks saga and Hrólfs saga are argued to reflect contemporary Icelandic anxieties through structural aspects of their depictions of Gautland, while Gautreks saga and, to a lesser extent, Bósa saga, display a fundamental and significant interest in the geographical landscape of Gautland. In their emphatic correspondence with each individual principle of Foucault's heterotopia, the collective perspectives of the three 'Matter of Gautland' sagas provide unique insight into the medieval Icelandic conceptualisation of Gautland as a literary space.

區凱琳. / "2009年7月". / "2009 nian 7 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-172). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Ou Kailin. / 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 一 --- 導論 --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1 --- 傅柯的倫理學之預備¨®Ơ明 --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- 傅柯學¨®Ơ的三條軸線 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- 傅柯對道德觀的三種區分 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- 傅柯研究的道德觀及其研究方法 ´ؤ´ؤ「實行手法之道德觀」與「道德過程之個性化條件」 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- 傅柯研究的道德觀之歷史 ´ؤ´ؤ「道德主體化的方式」及「自身實踐的方式」之歷史 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- 傅柯研究的道德觀及其研究方法之特殊意義 / Chapter 1.2 --- 傅柯的《主體解釋學》之預備¨®Ơ明 --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- 傅柯對古代研究之態度 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- 傅柯對古代倫理之基本分析 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- 《主體解釋學》的工作及其目的 / Chapter 1.3 --- 本文的旨趣 --- p.22 / Chapter 二 --- 關懷自身原則中的主體與真理關係 --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1 --- 概¨®Ơ「關懷自身」與「認識你自己」 --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2 --- 「關懷自身」之理論化與邊緣化 --- p.32 / Chapter 2.3 --- 兩種哲學區分與主體與真理的弔詭關係 --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4 --- 修省之理由 --- p.48 / Chapter 三 --- 知識探索與自身轉化 --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1 --- 關懷自身之「自身的『自身目的化』」 --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2 --- 轉向自身´ؤ´ؤ知識與真理的基點 --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- 目光之轉向 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- 實在的轉移及回歸自身 / Chapter 3.3 --- 知識之精神性模態化´إ´إ主體與世界關係之安頓 --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- 德米特里厄斯的知識之關係性模式 ´ؤ´ؤ自身與世界連繫在一起的知識觀 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- 伊比鳩魯的自然研究 ´ؤ世界知識成為轉化自身之催化媒介 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- 塞內加的世界頂峰 ´ؤ´ؤ此岸世界之解放 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- 奧列里烏斯之無限小的剖析 ´ؤ魔力與誘惑之消解 / Chapter 3.4 --- 兩種知識之區分´ؤ´ؤ「精神性知識」與「智力知識的知識」 --- p.95 / Chapter 四 --- 修省與拯救 --- p.100 / Chapter 4.1 --- 概¨®Ơ修省 --- p.103 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- 哲學的修省與基督宗教的苦行 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- 修省與預備 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- 修省之兩層 / Chapter 4.2 --- 真言之主體化´ؤ´ؤ哲學之修習方式 --- p.108 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- 聆聽與沉默 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- ˇئø讀與書寫之關係 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- 言¨®Ơ與真理 / Chapter 4.3 --- 主體之修行´ؤ´ؤ知行一致的主體 --- p.118 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- 鍛鍊與考驗 / Chapter 4.3.1 a --- 節制之養生法 / Chapter 4.3.1 b --- 試煉之實踐 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- 主體的沉思 / Chapter 4.3.2 a --- 邪惡之預想 / Chapter 4.3.2 b --- 死亡之修鍊 / Chapter 4.3.2 c --- 良知的檢測 / Chapter 4.4 --- 拯救自身´ؤ´ؤ此生此世的拯救 --- p.134 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- 基督宗教的拯救概念 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- 「自身目的化」與拯救 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- 古代的拯救概念 / Chapter 五 --- 結論´ؤ´ؤ哲學與自我拯救 --- p.142 / Chapter 5.1 --- 回顧及小結 --- p.143 / Chapter 5.2 --- ´ؤ己與超越 --- p.147 / Chapter 5.3 --- 精神性及關懷自身的回歸 --- p.151 / Chapter 5.4 --- 總結 --- p.157 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- 保存個體存在風格的倫理觀 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- 哲學之用 / 後記 --- p.162 / 附錄一 縮寫 --- p.163 / 附錄二 詞彙表 --- p.164 / 附錄三參考書目 --- p.168 / 回顧 --- p.173

Michel Foucault is a celebrated post-structuralist theorist that has helped shape gender and sexual theory. In A History of Sexuality Volume 1 Foucault dismantles many longstanding sexual traditions and morals by exposing them as societal constructs. According to Foucault, anonymous yet fully invasive power sources have shaped and continue to shape sexual culture and more importantly, individual beliefs about sexuality. However, Foucault's obsession with the influence of power limits his sexual theory in three particular ways. First, he disregards the female sexual experience; second, he undermines individual agency; and third, he undermines the innate desire for love and family. The first half of the paper focuses on his dismissal of the female experience and individual agency. This section of the thesis relies heavily on other feminist scholars, social studies, and the work of historians. The second half of the paper focuses on the human desire for love and family and looks to dystopian literature to help critique Foucault. Dystopian literature has often been paired with modern cultural criticism, including psychoanalysis and post-strucutralism as both act as critiques of the permeating effects of societal control at a community and individual level. However, even dystopian literature leaves some room for individual agency and explores the innate desire for love and family.

Failure, according to the academic canonical narrative, is anything other than a tenure-track professorship. The academic job hunt is fraught with unknowns: a time of fear, hope, and despair. This personal narrative follows the author’s three-year journey from doctoral candidate, to visiting assistant professor, to the unemployment line. Using a layered account and through a Foucauldian lens the author examines the academic success narrative, delving into the emotional bipolarity during the job search, and the use technologies of the self. It concludes with a reexamination of academic discourses and the canonical narrative of academic success as well as an appeal to continue to do good work.

Analiza la conexión entre saber y poder en la sociedad del capitalismo postdisciplinario. La primera parte de la tesis se aboca a explicar la relación entre saber y poder y porque para Foucault se trata de prácticas estrechamente ligadas. En la segunda parte se analiza la constitución del conocimiento científico y su relación con los dispositivos de poder del capitalismo disciplinario. En la tercera parte se propone un estudio sobre cuáles serían las relaciones entre las formas de poder y conocimiento en la sociedad contemporánea. / Tesis

America's embrace of film noir came swift and furiously, the popularity of noir exists even in contemporary cinema. I would like to explore the implications as to why film noir has become one of the truest forms of American Cinema, perhaps even exceeding the western, as well as the reasoning as to why the American people have exalted a type of genre which is known primarily for its ties with human vice and depravity. In this investigation of the populations intrigue with noir I will address instances in select noir films that illustrate specific moments of the philosophical frame works of Michel Foucault. Through the application of these frameworks of thought I believe evidence can be found linking Film noir to primal human urges and desires that were initially discussed within the writings of these two philosophers. Throughout the evolution of cinema over the last 70 years, America has seen an abundance of reconditioned plots and outlines of classically structured stories. Film noir does not escape this refurbishment. With the collapse of the original Hollywood studio system as well as the infamous black list era, the ideology of Film making in America shifted enormously. This shift allowed cinema to reach into the postmodernist conditioning that had already been applied to literature and stage craft. The shift into postmodernism allowed for extraordinarily interesting developments in the genre of Film noir. Perhaps the most noted of these developments was that noir was no longer just a genre; it had become an actual ideology for telling a cinematic story. This is exemplified with the emergence of noir sensibilities throughout multiple contrasting film genres. This is illustrated throughout the arrival of such categories as the Science Fiction Noir, and most recently the genre of Neo-Noir. Neo-Noir is also home to the films that have attempted to satirize or parody the initial sensibilities of the original classic noir genre. The exploration of these new evolutions of noir constructed genres is of vast importance of understanding America's embrace of Film noir as a whole.

Many of the writings of Leo Strauss were dedicated to combating the "crisis of modernity". This crisis was for him the advent and acceptance of nihilism--a state of being wherein any principle one dare dream is allowed and judgment must be withheld. He claimed that the promotion of nihilism at the hands of modern social scientists would lead to the downfall of civilization. Yet, this work seeks to show that all of these claims are made by Strauss in an attempt to hide the "truth" of nihilism from the masses and that Strauss, in fact, is a nihilist thinker. The introductory chapter of this work introduces the problem of nihilism as outlined by Strauss. It also briefly explains the positions of two other nihilist thinkers, Friedrich Nietzsche and Michel Foucault, in order to establish the thought which Strauss seems to be arguing against in his works. It then explains the writing style of Strauss as being esoteric. The following chapter will deal with the Strauss' argument for the causes of nihilism. Chapter three will be dedicated to the two solutions that Strauss presents for combating nihilism. The exoteric solution calls for a return to the teachings of the classics, specifically the three types of teaching that he recognizes--Socratic-Platonic, Aristotelian, and Thomistic. The esoteric solution, however, is to use the Platonic conception of the "noble lie" in order to hide the "truth" of nihilism. Chapters four and five will compare Strauss' nihilism to that of Nietzsche and Foucault, respectively. Each chapter will expand on the discussion already presented in the first chapter to further elucidate each thinker's version of nihilism. Finally, I will outline the conception of these three thinkers as a continuum for nihilist thought. I will also discuss how the only definitive difference between the three thinkers is their outlook on the human condition. For example, Strauss and his hidden nihilism is a direct result of his pessimistic view of the masses; whereas Nietzsche's Übermensch nihilism is brought about by his outlook on the prospect for development beyond humanity and Foucault's pure nihilism is drawn out from his notion of power/knowledge. In this way, this work will not only show Strauss as a closet nihilist but also show his integral role in understanding the full range of nihilist thought.

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Filosofía / Tratar de entender la manera en que es tratada la literatura por parte del Ministerio de Educación a través de los Programas de Enseñanza es la intención que mueve al presente trabajo. Para ello será importante analizar el contexto en donde ella se nos presenta, en otras palabras, debemos primero preocuparnos por tener una visión general del proceso educativo dentro del cual la literatura aparece como una herramienta, en apariencia, fundamental. Cuáles son los propósitos que el Ministerio tiene para con los estudiantes patente en los Programas de Estudio del área de Lenguaje y Comunicación, y de qué manera la literatura sirve a estos propósitos, creo que son preguntas que es preciso formularse para ir bosquejando un concepto de literatura presente en los Programas de Estudio. Esta parte del recorrido se encuentra plasmada en el primer capítulo de este trabajo que lleva por nombre “La literatura en los programas Educacionales del Ministerio de Educación”, para cuya realización me he servido de los Programas de primero a sexto año básico concernientes al área de Lenguaje y Comunicación. En el análisis de dichos textos de estudio me centraré principalmente en las cuestiones que a mi entender más ayudan a los fines que me he propuesto, como objetivos, modos de evaluación y actividades propuestas, entre otras cosas.

Tesis para optar al grado de Magister en Filosofía / El presente texto abordará una parte del cuantioso material que Foucault nos legó al morir para comenzar a reconocer y delimitar a partir de él, su manera de comprender el derecho al tratar sobre asuntos disímiles. Esta pretensión no sólo enfrenta la ausencia de un texto foucaultiano que reconozca la problematización del derecho como su asunto, sino también la opinión, algo extendida entre los lectores de Foucault, que asevera que el pensador francés no se interesó sobre las cuestiones jurídicas.

This study was undertaken using Foucault’s genealogical approach to explore an aspect in the governmentality of the nursing profession from the 1950s to the present. It uses developments in the education of nurses in South Australia as a case in point, but includes, at all stages, a concomitant analysis of global trends in the profession and education of nurses. Hence, data were collected from historical documents such as government reports, professional nursing journals, nursing text books and curriculum documents across the period for analysis, from South Australia and Flinders University as a particular case. I thought of these texts as data and examples of the production of discourses about nursing education and practice influenced by the Foucauldian method of process of The Archaeology of Knowledge (1972). These discourses produced in both social and professional spheres mirror the sociological knowledge development of the professionalisation agenda that has enveloped the process of professional legitimacy since the Second World War. The interactions are described intertextuality, with each chapter in this thesis presenting the interconnectedness of a variety of discourses. The Foucauldian perspective achieved the purpose of seeking how nursing was shaped by the society and influenced society to form what constituted a nursing professional, to the present time. ‘Uncertainty’ in the nursing profession was the key concept found in the investigation. Nursing attempted to reduce uncertainty by regulating nursing education, and by setting boundaries for the practice of professional nursing. This governmentality generation process reflects other forms of surveillance developed during the late 20th century, and was used to establish the subjectivity of nurses in terms of ‘who’ has the right to define nursing and its knowledge systems. The role of the nurse and the requirements for a nurse were emphasised as personal characteristics rather than as professional behaviour when nurse ‘training’ occurred solely in the hospitals. Who defined the role of nurse and who could be a nurse was decided by medical officers and administrators rather than nurses themselves. As the description of the role of the nurse was expanded to the social sphere, the debates about the appropriate place for nursing students’ training was influential in bringing about change. Establishing nursing education in the tertiary sector facilitated the professionalisation of nursing. I explored curriculum development as an example of the internal governmentality of nursing. The historical analysis of curriculum development processes at an Australian university and its antecedent organisations, showed how nursing educators think about nursing and the role of nurse and how they reflect these requirements in the teaching of nursing students. The way of thinking about nursing and the professional nurse role was also actively observed in the discourses arguing for the use of the thinking tools of nursing such as the nursing process, other problem-solving approaches and latterly for the use of clinical reasoning. This study uncovered the process of handling uncertainty internal and external to nursing through processes of professional education. Uncertainty control was an essential in nursing education and thinking tools were key in the process for nursing educators to re-set the parameters of nursing. Professional education aims to develop both the individual nurse and the profession, as a whole, which may lead to conflicts of interest. Therefore, it is important for nurse educators to be aware of these potential conflicts of interests in their governmental strategies. It is also necessary to develop an interactive and corroborative curriculum that includes the many stakeholders interested in the development of the nursing profession.