Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of History, 2003. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 276-293).

El presente proyecto tiene como problema de comunicación la falta de visibilidad de los diseñadores freelance pertenecientes a la Asociación Peruana de Diseño (ASGRAP) hacia el mercado emprendedor peruano, quienes a su vez, representan un nicho laboral aún no explotado.Se pretender utilizar el diseño gráfico como una herramienta para la persuasión con la finalidad de crear un espacio de exposición y/o promoción de los diseñadores freelance, capaz de generar experiencias memorables que impacten e influencien pero que también informen adecuadamente a los emprendedores en relación a los servicios de los profesionales. Además, generar la posibilidad de que los emprendedores puedan tener marcas sólidas y competitivas en un mercado en el cual cada vez más se evidencia un incremento de emprendimientos.Es así que, la propuesta gráfica se basa en la complementación de los grupos anteriormente mencionados: emprendedores y diseñadores. Buscamos fusionar las características de dichos grupos a través de diversos códigos de la comunicación y de una construcción del mensaje sólida que considere la empatía como característica fundamental dentro del proceso.Los principales resultados que surgieron dentro de este proyecto fueron las enseñanzas que nos dejó la utilización del diseño persuasivo como herramienta que fortalece la construcción del discurso durante la creación de una campaña. Así también como la comprensión favorable de los usuarios en relación a los servicios de los diseñadores freelance y la importancia del diseño gráfico en sus marcas. / The present project has as a communication problem the lack of visibility of freelance designers belonging to the Peruvian Design Association (ASGRAP) towards the Peruvian entrepreneurial market, who, in turn, represent a job niche not yet exploited.It is intended to use graphic design as a tool for persuasion in order to create a space for exhibition and / or promotion of freelance designers, capable of generating memorable experiences that impact and influence but also adequately inform entrepreneurs in relation to the services of professionals. In addition, generate the possibility that entrepreneurs can have solid and competitive brands in a market in which an increase in entrepreneurship is increasingly evident.Thus, the graphic proposal is based on the complementation of the groups mentioned above: entrepreneurs and designers. We seek to merge the characteristics of those groups through various communication codes and a solid message construction that considers empathy as a fundamental characteristic within the process.The main results that emerged within this project were the lessons that the persuasive design tool left us as it strengthens the construction of the discourse during the creation of one. As well as the favorable understanding of users in relation to the services of freelance designers and the importance of graphic design in their brands. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

A presente dissertação procura compreender os discursos sobre o trabalho de jornalistas freelancers da cidade de São Paulo a partir de três momentos ou gêneros do discurso: questionário quantitativo, entrevistas em profundidade e grupo focal. O referencial teórico parte do binômio Comunicação e Trabalho como constitutivo da atividade humana, e envolve a Ergologia, o Materialismo Histórico e as Mudanças no Mundo do Trabalho, a Análise de Discurso e os Estudos de Recepção. Todas essas perspectivas são relacionadas para abordar o indivíduo-sujeito, que é social e particular. Os discursos dos pesquisados revelam, em todas as instâncias, certo ajustamento ao novo espírito do capitalismo e às suas prescrições, sendo mais individualistas e dificilmente enunciando questões coletivas; os engajados são exceções. Considerando o mundo do trabalho como mediação central da comunicação, a pesquisa faz, entre os discursos sobre o trabalho, um estudo de recepção com os sujeitos pesquisados. A recepção se revela o momento por excelência de falar sobre o trabalho. Ao falar sobre o trabalho do outro, os jornalistas se confrontam com o próprio trabalho e revelam, no discurso, os valores e os dramas da atividade real de comunicação e trabalho. / This dissertation seeks to understand the discourses on the work of freelance journalists in São Paulo city from three moments or genres of discourse: quantitative questionnaire, interviews and focus groups. The theoretical framework puts the binomial Communication and Work as constitutive of human activity, and involves Ergology, Historical Materialism and Changes on the World of Work, Discourse Analysis and Reception Studies, together with all the perspectives on the question of the subject, that is social and individual. The discourses of the analysis reveal, in all instances, some adjustment to the new spirit of capitalism and its requirements. They are more individualistic and hardly uttering collective issues; those engaged are excepctions. Considering the world of worlk as central mediation of communication, the research provides a study of reception with the subjects studied, between the discourses on the work. The reception is revelead as the moment par excellence to talk about work. When talking abour the others work, the journalists are confronted with their own work and reveal, in his discourse, values and dramas of real activity of communication and work.

Denna uppsats syftar till att få en inblick i hur frilansande folkmusiker i Sverige gör för att lansera sig själva som artister, vilka redskap som används samt vilken funktion dessa redskap fyller. Detta har undersökts genom kvalitativa intervjuer med fyra frilansmusiker inom den folkmusikaliska genren. Musikbranschens förändrade förutsättningar, ställda i relation till Lundberg, Malm & Ronströms (2000) begrepp görare, vetare och makare, utgör de teoretiska utgångspunkterna för uppsatsen. Dessa begrepp har i uppsatsen omformats till de tre nya begreppen individen, arenan och branschen. Resultatet visar att respondenternas artistlansering är en medveten process som består av många komponenter. Studien lyfter fram och problematiserar artistens entreprenörskap som utöver det konstnärliga utövandet även innefattar roller såsom exempelvis agent, distributör, marknadsförare och företagare. Musikern som individ använder, med utgångspunkt från drivkraften att musicera, branschen och dess arenor för att framhäva sig själv på marknaden. Undersökningen visar indikationer på att det finns essentiella faktorer när det gäller marknadsföring av artister, där grunderna baseras på att tala om att verksamheten finns, förklara vad som är bra med den, upprepa budskapet och sedan leva upp till det. Respondenternas strategier för att försörja sig som frilansmusiker går ut på att med hjälp av olika redskap hålla verksamheten levande och lönsam. Det gör de genom att exempelvis göra sin musik lättillgänglig och visa en tydlig profil samt genom att bygga ett kontaktnätverk, synas i gynnsamma miljöer och dra nytta av olika bidragsmöjligheter. Det har också framkommit att folkmusikernas marknadsföring och varumärkesbildande utförs till största del över Internet via hemsidor, sökmotorer, e-post och sociala medier. / The paper aims to gain insight into how freelance musicians in Sweden are doing to launch themselves as artists, the resources used and their function. This has been examined through qualitative interviews with four freelance musicians in the genre of folk music. The changing conditions of the music industry, in relation to Lundberg, Malm & Ronström’s concept görare, vetare and makare, are the theoretical basis for the paper. These concepts have in the paper been transformed to the three new concepts of the individual, the arena and the industry. The results show that the respondents' role as an artist is a deliberate process that consists of many components. The study highlights and discusses the artist's entrepreneurship that goes beyond the artistic exercise, and also includes roles such as agent, distributor, marketer etc. The musician as an individual, with the urge to make music as a point of departure, uses the industry and it’s arenas to highlight him or herself in the market. The study indicates that there are essential elements in the marketing of artists which are based on informing people about the activity, explain what is good about it, then repeat the message and live up to it. Respondents' approaches to living as a freelance musician is to keep the business alive and profitable by using various tools. They do this for example by making their music accessible, show a clear profile, build a contact network, be seen in favourable environments and take advantage of various funding possibilities. It has also become apparent that the musicians´marketing and trademark creation is carried out largely over the Internet through websites, search engines, email and social media.

The purpose of this research is to explore project success factors and freelance marketplace characteristics that are critical to the success of software development projects on freelance marketplaces, while identifying important metrics to measure the success of software development projects on freelance marketplaces. This exploratory study is done from the point of view of the software development services buyer. Three methodologies were developed for the purpose of this research. First, a methodology for the definition of the freelance marketplace concept and the delimitation of the field of study was followed. Second, a methodology for sourcing opinions from blogs and self-published articles was created to mine information to complement the scant specialized literature on the subject of freelance marketplace characteristics and freelance marketplace project success factors. Third, a survey methodology was used as the main data collection instrument. The findings suggest that freelance marketplaces play the role of enabler of project success factors. The most important success factors are focused on product quality, project efficiency factors, cost control factors, and qualifications of the buyer. The most important metric to measure the success of software development projects on freelance marketplaces was quality in use.

Since its introduction in Australia, photography has had a profound impact on Australian culture. The modern era, it is often alleged, has been dominated by the sense of sight, and from its inception, photography was explicitly understood in relation to this prestigious notion of modern vision. The camera and its associated technologies offered a “new” and modern way of seeing that was central to the overall project of modernity. This thesis is a study of the role of photography in the increasing visualisation of Australian culture during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Drawing on debates around modernism, it explores the cultural and social expressions of photography. Each chapter of this thesis considers an aspect of photography or its use, and traces the emerging popularisation and commodification of the photographic image. The social impact of photography is explored in a selection of specific contexts that include early camera clubs and societies of the 1890s, and the growing amateur movement that followed the new “point and shoot” technology so ably depicted by the Kodak Girl. Other contexts include the professional applications of photography, official and private uses of photography during World War I, and finally the journalistic and cinematic uses of the photographic image in the 1920s. Together these contexts show how the romance and optimism of technology ignited enthusiasm for the visual medium across class and gender divides, moving from initial popularity amongst a local scientific elite, spreading to amateurs, professionals, and eventually being put to political and social uses, throughout the world. (For complete abstract open document)

A presente dissertação procura compreender os discursos sobre o trabalho de jornalistas freelancers da cidade de São Paulo a partir de três momentos ou gêneros do discurso: questionário quantitativo, entrevistas em profundidade e grupo focal. O referencial teórico parte do binômio Comunicação e Trabalho como constitutivo da atividade humana, e envolve a Ergologia, o Materialismo Histórico e as Mudanças no Mundo do Trabalho, a Análise de Discurso e os Estudos de Recepção. Todas essas perspectivas são relacionadas para abordar o indivíduo-sujeito, que é social e particular. Os discursos dos pesquisados revelam, em todas as instâncias, certo ajustamento ao novo espírito do capitalismo e às suas prescrições, sendo mais individualistas e dificilmente enunciando questões coletivas; os engajados são exceções. Considerando o mundo do trabalho como mediação central da comunicação, a pesquisa faz, entre os discursos sobre o trabalho, um estudo de recepção com os sujeitos pesquisados. A recepção se revela o momento por excelência de falar sobre o trabalho. Ao falar sobre o trabalho do outro, os jornalistas se confrontam com o próprio trabalho e revelam, no discurso, os valores e os dramas da atividade real de comunicação e trabalho. / This dissertation seeks to understand the discourses on the work of freelance journalists in São Paulo city from three moments or genres of discourse: quantitative questionnaire, interviews and focus groups. The theoretical framework puts the binomial Communication and Work as constitutive of human activity, and involves Ergology, Historical Materialism and Changes on the World of Work, Discourse Analysis and Reception Studies, together with all the perspectives on the question of the subject, that is social and individual. The discourses of the analysis reveal, in all instances, some adjustment to the new spirit of capitalism and its requirements. They are more individualistic and hardly uttering collective issues; those engaged are excepctions. Considering the world of worlk as central mediation of communication, the research provides a study of reception with the subjects studied, between the discourses on the work. The reception is revelead as the moment par excellence to talk about work. When talking abour the others work, the journalists are confronted with their own work and reveal, in his discourse, values and dramas of real activity of communication and work.

The purpose of this research is to explore project success factors and freelance marketplace characteristics that are critical to the success of software development projects on freelance marketplaces, while identifying important metrics to measure the success of software development projects on freelance marketplaces. This exploratory study is done from the point of view of the software development services buyer. Three methodologies were developed for the purpose of this research. First, a methodology for the definition of the freelance marketplace concept and the delimitation of the field of study was followed. Second, a methodology for sourcing opinions from blogs and self-published articles was created to mine information to complement the scant specialized literature on the subject of freelance marketplace characteristics and freelance marketplace project success factors. Third, a survey methodology was used as the main data collection instrument. The findings suggest that freelance marketplaces play the role of enabler of project success factors. The most important success factors are focused on product quality, project efficiency factors, cost control factors, and qualifications of the buyer. The most important metric to measure the success of software development projects on freelance marketplaces was quality in use.

This master thesis is focused on freelance type work available though on-line marketplaces such as oDesk and ways to get hired. First chapter introduces on-line working and lead though the world statistics powered by oDesk. Numbers present working hours, geographical coverage and skills distribution. It makes reader familiar with advantages and disadvantages of freelancing. Second chapter is related to on-line job marketplaces, in particularly to oDesk (www.odesk.com). It focuses on pros and cons of oDesk business model and website features comparing them with main competitor Elance (www.elance.com). Third chapter disclosures positioning, branding, pricing and marketing aspects of freelance. It guides through example of starting contractor's career on oDesk considering possible scenarios of future development. Master thesis contains 81 pages, 15 Figures, 5 Tables and 10 Appendixes.

Frei- und nebenberuflich Lehrende bilden die zahlenmäßig stärkste ‚Berufsgruppe‘ an Volkshochschulen und dennoch: Im Rahmen von Professionalität, Organisations- und Qualitätsentwicklung finden sie bis heute als eigenständige Personengruppe nur wenig Beachtung. In der Wissenschaft sind es zumeist quantitative Studien, in denen die soziale Lage der Lehrenden, ihr pädagogisches Handeln sowie ihre Organisationsge- und verbundenheit thematisiert werden. Studien, welche die Subjektperspektive in diesem Kontext gezielt in den Mittelpunkt stellen, gibt es dagegen nicht. Vor diesem Hintergrund geht es in der vorliegenden qualitativen Untersuchung explizit um die Gruppe der frei- und nebenberuflich Lehrenden. Hinterfragt wird, auf welche Weise sich nicht fest angestellte Mitarbeiter/innen mit der Organisation, für die sie arbeiten sowie mit ihrer dortigen Tätigkeit identifizieren können und wie sie sich darin begründen. Im Ergebnis werden zwei kontrastreiche Identifikationsmuster und Begründungstypen vorgestellt, die das Verhältnis der Lehrenden zu ‚ihren‘ Organisationen veranschaulichen und die erkennen lassen, welche Konsequenzen sich daraus für die Volkshochschule im Allgemeinen ergeben. / Freelance and part-time lecturers constitute the numeral biggest ‘occupational category’ in adult education centre. Nevertheless: They do not find highly attention in the context of professionalism, organizational and quality development. In science exist quantitative studies mostly, which broach the issue of social circumstances of lectures, their educational actions as well as their organizational bondage and solidarity. There are no studies, which make a point of spotlighting the subject perspective. Against this background the available qualitative research paper explicit concentrate on the group of freelance and part-time lectures. The question is, in which manner non salaried employees are able to identify with the organization they work for as well as their local practice and how they reason it. As a result two high contrasts pattern of identification and types of grounds will be presented, which visualize the relationship between lecturers and ‘their’ organizations and which show the consequences for adult education centre in general.