The present  research studies Satisfaction  with  Life and Future Time Perspective, in itsdifferent dimensions (goals, temporal location of goals and temporal altitudes), from adolescence to elder ages. This study evaluated 570 males and females between 16 and 65 years old, from two different socioeconomic levels in Lima, Peru, through a non­ experimental, evolutionary transversal design. Tools used in this research were the Motivational Induction Method (MIM) and the Temporal Altitudes Scale (TAS) by Nultin (1985), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) by Pavot & Diener (1993). Results show that there are significan! differences on the construction and temporal Iocation of goals, altitudes towards present, past and future and in the levels of Life Satisfaction due to the variable age. lt was also found that socioeconomic leve! influences these processes more than gender. / Este estudio aborda los constructos de Perspectiva Temporal Futura, en sus diferentes dimensiones (Metas, ubicación temporal de las metas y Actitudes Temporales) y de Satisfacción con la vida, desde la adolescencia en adelante. A través de un diseño no experimental, evolutivo transversal, se evaluó a 570 personas de ambos sexos entre los 16 y los 65 años, de dos niveles socioeconómicos de Lima, Perú. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Método de Inducción Motivacional (MIM), la Escala de Actitudes Temporales (TAS) de Nuttin (1985) y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS) de Pavot y Diener  (1993). Los resultados muestran que la edad supone diferencias importantes en la construcción de las metas y su ubicación temporal, así como en las actitudes hacia el presente, pasado y futuro y en los ni veles de satisfacción. Asimismo, evidencia que el nivel socioeconómico, más que el sexo, influye en estos procesos.

abstract: Built upon Control Value Theory, this dissertation consists of two studies that examine university students’ future-oriented motivation, socio-emotional regulation, and diurnal cortisol patterns in understanding students’ well-being in the academic-context. Study 1 examined the roles that Learning-related Hopelessness and Future Time Perspective Connectedness play in predicting students’ diurnal cortisol patterns, diurnal cortisol slope (DS) and cortisol awakening response (CAR). Self-reported surveys were collected (N = 60), and diurnal cortisol samples were provided over two waves, the week before a mid-term examination (n = 46), and the week during students’ mid-term (n = 40). Using multi-nomial logistic regression, results showed that Learning-related Hopelessness was not predictive of diurnal cortisol pattern change after adjusting for key covariates; and that Future Time Perspective Connectedness predicted higher likelihood for students to have low CAR across both waves of data collection. Study 2 examined students’ future-oriented motivation (Future Time Perspective Value) and socio-emotional regulation (Effortful Control and Social Support) in predicting diurnal cortisol patterns over the course of a semester. Self-reported surveys were collected (N = 67), and diurnal cortisol samples were provided over three waves of data collection, at the beginning of the semester (n = 63), during a stressful academic period (n = 47), and during a relaxation phase near the end of the semester (n = 43). Results from RM ANCOVA showed that Non-academic Social Support was negatively associated with CAR at the beginning of the semester. Multi-nomial logistics regression results indicated that Future Time Perspective Value and Academic Social Support jointly predicted CAR pattern change. Specifically, the interaction term marginally predicted a higher likelihood of students switching from having high CAR at the beginning or stressful times in the semester to having low CAR at the end the semester, compared to those who had low CAR over all three waves. The two studies have major limits in sample size, which restricted the full inclusion of all hypothesized covariates in statistical models, and compromised interpretability of the data. However, the methodology and theoretical implications are unique, providing contributions to educational research, specifically with regard to post-secondary students’ academic experience and well-being. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Family and Human Development 2017

Cette thèse a pour objectif de proposer un cadre global dans l’étude de l’influence des conséquences identitaires du chômage sur la réinsertion professionnelle. La Partie I propose une revue de littérature ancrée dans les théories du Soi, et pointe l’intérêt de la prise en compte de la perspective future dans l’étude du chômage et de la réinsertion. La Partie II s’intéresse aux stéréotypes des demandeurs d’emploi (Manuscrit 1) et montre l’influence négative du chômage sur les concepts de soi actuels et futurs de ces personnes (Manuscrit 2). Elle traite aussi de l’influence des processus d’identification actuelle à l’endogroupe et future à l’exogroupe de salariés (Manuscrit 3) sur le pessimisme. Un dernier manuscrit œuvre à déterminer différents profils d’identification et leur impact sur le stress (Shortnote 1). Les études présentées dans la partie III sont centrées sur les antécédents de la recherche d’emploi. Un premier manuscrit présente la validation d’une nouvelle mesure, celle de motivation à (re)travailler (Manuscrit 4). Deux autres manuscrits s’intéressent au construit de Considération pour les Conséquences Futures, le premier en proposant une validation française de l’outil (Manuscrit 5) et un second ayant pour but de montrer l’intérêt d’étudier ce construit à un niveau contextuel (Manuscrit 6). Ces deux nouvelles mesures permettent de proposer un modèle temporel de la recherche d’emploi présenté dans un dernier document (Shortnote 2). Enfin, la Partie IV présente les premiers éléments statuant de l’influence de l’identification sur le modèle de la recherche d’emploi. Une discussion sur les apports et les ouvertures de ce travail doctoral conclut ce document. / This thesis aims to provide a comprehensive framework in the study of identity consequences of unemployment on vocational rehabilitation. Part I offers a review of the literature rooted in the theories of the Self, and points to the interest of taking into account future time perspective in the study of unemployment and reintegration. Part II takes an interest in the jobseekers’ stereotypes (Manuscript 1) and shows the negative impact of unemployment on current and future self-concepts of jobseekers (Manuscript 2). It also deals with the influence of identification processes –actual to the in-group and future to the out-group of workers- on the pessimism of job-seekers (Manuscript 3). A last manuscript aims at identifying specific identification profiles and study their impact on perceived stress (Shortnote 1). Studies presented in Part III focus on job search antecedents. A first manuscript presents the creation and validation of a new measure of the motivation to work again (manuscript 4). Two other manuscripts deal with another important construct – the Consideration for Future Consequences-, the first with the objective of validating a version of the tool in French (Manuscript 5) and the second with the aim of showing the interest to consider this construct at a contextual level of generality (Manuscript 6). Those two new measures helped to test for a temporal model of job search that is presented in a last manuscript (Shortnote 2). The fourth part focuses her to present the first elements which argue in favor of identification influence on the temporal job search model. A discussion on the contributions and openings of this doctoral work concludes this document.

Although population aging requires that employees increasingly work beyond traditional retirement ages, negative age stereotypes often portray older workers as unwilling or unable to work longer. However, recent lifespan developmental research suggests that there are significant individual differences in how fixed versus malleable people perceive the aging process possibly affecting how they envision their occupational future. We develop and test a theoretical model on the role of essentialist beliefs about aging (i.e., the extent to which people believe that aging is an immutable, genetically determined process) in shaping occupational future time perspective and, in turn, motivation to continue working beyond retirement age. Specifically, we hypothesized that older workers (40–65 years) who more strongly endorse essentialist beliefs about aging will be less motivated to continue working beyond retirement age, because they have a more constrained occupational future time perspective. On the basis of a three-wave study (N = 617) and an experiment (N = 358), we find evidence for our proposed indirect effect model, above and beyond previously established control variables (e.g., age, income, health, and age stereotypes). Our findings advance theorizing on work motivation in later adulthood and have important organizational implications in the context of demographic change.

Previous research using future time perspective or possible selves frameworks provided evidence that learners with definite and elaborate goals, and future self-guides are more motivated in school tasks (Reeve, 2009; Yowell, 2000), exert more effort, demonstrate persistence, and show greater performance (De Volder & Lens, 1982; Lens et al., 2002; Simons et al., 2000), and learners with positive possible selves were better able to face failure, demonstrated better performance, had higher levels of self-esteem, showed more persistence on tasks, and depicted greater motivation (Cross & Markus, 1994; Oyserman et al., 2004; Unemori et al., 2004). The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of future orientation constructs, future time perspective and possible selves, on Turkish college level learners' motivation to learn English and their identity construction, and how future projections of themselves as L2 users (the ideal L2 self, the ought-to L2 self, and feared L2 self) impacted their motivation to learn English and their identities. A total of 299 Turkish graduate students studying in the United States participated in the study. Also, this study examined the extent to which adding a measure of the feared L2 self construct contributed to explaining motivation to learn English and identity construction. The data were collected via surveys and interviews, and they were analyzed quantitatively, using qualitative data for triangulation. Findings suggested that the L2 motivational self-system (Dornyei, 2005, 2009) contributed to explaining Turkish learners' motivation to learn English and their oriented identities. Also, adding a feared L2 self variable to measures of the L2 motivational self system could help explain learners' identity construction but not their language learning motivation. In addition, future time perspective connectedness and value were not useful in explaining the L2 motivation, but future connectedness was found to be related to the ideal L2 self and feared L2 self, and valuing the future goals was related to the ought-to L2 self. Qualitative data showed that learners presented combination of several identities, including national and oriented. They imagined themselves as professional and successful English users, and their L2 related worries included losing their native language and being seen as "assimilated" or as "showing off" individuals. / text

This diploma thesis is focused on relationship between time perspective and wisdom. The aim of this paper was firstly to transfer Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS) into Czech environment and test its psychometric properties, and secondly to explore relationships between wisdom conceptualized using above mentioned scale and time perspective. The sample encompassed 196 respondents. In order to measure time perspective Swedish version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI) and the Transcendental-Future Time Perspective scale were used; in order to explore wisdom Czech version of the Three- Dimensional Wisdom Scale was applied. Both newly translated questionnaires showed good psychometric properties in Czech sample. Balanced time perspective was calculated via two different methods and was related to education and health state. Only a very few respondents achieved optimal scores for BTP as well as for wisdom. Czech respondents scored the highest in reflective wisdom dimension and the lowest in the affective wisdom dimension. Women scored higher than men in affective subscale. Wisdom subscales and total wisdom had complex relations with different time perspectives. BTP was posivitely correlated with wisdom. Women scored higher than men in TFTP. This time perspective correlated with...

寬恕是一種跨文化人類共通的美德、是一種正向的心理特質，一種真正的生命智慧。因其有益於人際和諧、幸福感與身心健康，寬恕在近年來成為心理學所關注的議題。本研究旨在探究反芻思考、未來時間觀與寬恕之現況，以及反芻思考與未來時間觀如何影響寬恕的建構，藉以深入瞭解反芻思考、未來時間觀與寬恕之關係。 本研究採用問卷調查法，以「多向度反芻焦點量表」、「未來時間態度量表」與「特質寬恕量表」為研究工具，研究對象為20歲以上成人共1,413位。所得有效問卷資料經描述統計、多變量變異數分析、區別分析、結構方程式模型等統計方法處理，研究發現如下： 1.20歲以上成人之反芻思考、未來時間觀與特質寬恕現況尚佳。 2.不同背景變項之成人在反芻思考整體及其分向度上有部分差異。 （1）女性在「情緒焦點反芻」與「意義焦點反芻」上之得分顯著高於男性。 （2）高齡者的反芻思考整體與各向度之得分明顯較低。 3.不同背景變項之成人在未來時間觀整體及其分向度上有部分差異。 （1）成人早期（20-30歲）與高齡者（60歲以上）在「未來時間觀點」沒有顯著差異，高齡者在「未來目標價值」與「對未來的準備與行動」上則顯著高於20-30歲之成人。 （2）年長、高教育水準、已婚且有宗教信仰者，有較佳的未來時間觀。 4.不同背景變項之成人在特質寬恕整體及其分向度上有部分差異。 （1）男性在「寬恕命運」上之得分顯著高於女性。 （2）男性、年長、高教育水準、已婚且有宗教信仰者，有較高的寬恕傾向。 5.探討不同類型反芻思考與未來時間觀、特質寬恕之關係，研究發現：情緒焦點與評價焦點此兩種類型反芻思考，與未來時間觀、特質寬恕呈負相關；而意義焦點反芻與未來時間觀、特質寬恕呈正相關。 6.未來時間觀在反芻思考與特質寬恕間扮演中介角色，亦即，未來時間觀在情緒焦點反芻思考、評價焦點反芻思考與未來時間觀、特質寬恕之間有部分中介效果，在意義焦點反芻思考與未來時間觀、特質寬恕之間有完全中介效果。 本研究根據上述研究發現，分別對寬恕教育、諮商輔導提出建議，以作為教育工作者及後續研究之參考。 / Forgiveness is a kind of cross-cultural universal virtue of human, positive psychological strength, and authentic wisdom of life. Forgiveness has become an important topic of psychological researches in last decades, due to the benefits of interpersonal harmony, well-being, physical and mental health. The study aimed to investigate the current condition of the adults in Taiwan of their rumination, future time perspective, and dispositional forgiveness, and furthermore addressed the relationships among these variables. The present study adopted the questionnaire investigation, comprising “Multidimensional Focused Rumination Scale”, “Attitude toward Future Time Scale”, and “Dispositional Forgiveness Scale” was conducted. Participants were 1,413 adults aged 20 and over in Taiwan. The effective data based on the questionnaire were then analyzed by using the descriptive statistics, MANOVA, discriminant analysis, structural equation modeling and bootstrapping. The findings were summarized as follows: 1.The present condition of Taiwan aged 20 and over adults’ rumination, future time perspective, and dispositional forgiveness was generally fine. 2.In terms of rumination, gender and age had a significant difference in overall rumination and its dimensions. I.The female participants had higher “emotion-focused rumination” and “meaning-focused rumination” scores than the male participants. II.The elder participants reported less ruminative thinking than other age groups. 3.In terms of future time perspective, age, educational level, marital status and religion had a significant difference in overall future time perspective and its dimensions, while gender had no significant difference. I.There is no difference between younger and elder participants on “the perception of future time”, however, the elder participants reported higher “the valence of future goal” and “preparation and action for the future” than younger participants. II.The elder, high educated, married and religious believer, had better future time perspective. 4.In terms of dispositional forgiveness, gender, age, educational level, marital status and religion had a significant difference in overall dispositional forgiveness and its dimensions. I.The male participants had higher “forgiveness of fate” scores than the female participants. II.The male, elder, high educated, married and religious believer had a strong tendency to forgive. 5.In terms of different kind of rumination relate to future time perspective and dispositional forgiveness: Emotion-focused rumination and evaluation-focused rumination were negatively related to future time perspective and dispositional forgiveness, while meaning-focused rumination was positively related to future time perspective and dispositional forgiveness. 6.Future time perspective mediated the relationship between the rumination and the forgiveness. Furthermore, future time perspective partly mediated the relationship between the emotion-focused rumination and the dispositional forgiveness, partly mediated the relationship between the evaluation-focused rumination and the dispositional forgiveness, and completely mediated the relationship between the meaning-focused rumination and the dispositional forgiveness. According to the above findings, this study proposes suggestions for forgiveness education, counseling and guidance, and future studies.

Le présent travail développe une approche sociocognitive de la Perspective Temporelle Future (PTF), tel que ce construit est mesuré par l’échelle ZTPI (Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999). L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser la normativité de ce construit et d’explorer les dimensions liées à l’expérience du temps psychologique futur. Une démarche de triangulation a été menée dans une double perspective : produire une analyse multi-niveaux de la normativité associée à la PTF et développer une réflexion théorico-méthodologique concernant la mesure de ce construit. Une première série d’études expérimentales mobilisant l’approche sociocognitive des normes sociales (Dubois, 2003) démontre une valorisation importante de la PTF dans des contextes évaluatifs. Une seconde série d’études utilisant une méthodologie mixte (paradigmes des juges et construits socio-représentationnels) analyse les dynamiques normatives de la PTF dans des situations socialement marquées (i.e. contexte de santé). Enfin, une recherche socio-représentationnelle par entretien étudie l’expérience du temps psychologique futur en tant que forme d’expérience sociale (Jodelet, 2006). En envisageant la PTF sous différentes perspectives sociocognitives, ces travaux apportent une contribution au domaine de recherche du rapport au temps (mesure de la PTF et fonctionnements idéologiques). D’autre part, ce travail pose les bases d’une approche sociocognitive de la PTF en tant que norme sociale. / The present work develops a sociocognitive approach of Future Time Perspective (FTP), as this construct is measured by the ZTPI scale (Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999). The aim of this thesis is the analysis of this construct’s normativity and the exploration of the dimensions related to future psychological time experience. A triangulation approach has been conducted in a double perspective: its aim is to produce a multi-level analysis of normativity associated to FTP as well as to develop a theoretical and methodological thought on this construct’s measurement. A first series of experimental studies using the sociocognitive approach to social norms (Dubois, 2003) reveals an important value of FTP in evaluative contexts. A second series of studies using mixt methodology (judge paradigms and socio-representational constructs) analyses FTP’s normative dynamics in socially relevant situations (i.e. health context). Finally, a socio-representational research with interviews focuses on future psychological time experience as a form of social experience (Jodelet, 2006). Considering FTP under several sociocognitive perspectives, this thesis contributes towards the research field on relation to time (FTP measurement and ideological logics). This work lays also the foundation of a sociocognitive approach of FTP as a social norm.

This diploma thesis with the future through the eyes of senior high school students, especially with its contents and time location of these contents. The theoretical part presents the most famous time perspective theories and the relationship between adolescents and their future. The emhasis is on introducing czech and also foreign research on a similar topic. The empirical part has four goals: find out which future contents senior high school students are dealing with, 2. where these contents are located in time, 3. how important are the contents and 4. what is the relationship between the future contents and student's past and present. They were done semi-structured interviews within the first and the second goal, then these interviews were coded and interpreted by using elements of grounded theory. To answer the other two goals students filled out questionnaire Ten most important life events by Cottle. The discussion part presents results of the research and comparison with the results of other research. The most senior high school students deal (in the context of the future) with university study, profession, travelling, independence and making their own family. Key words: time perspective, future time perspective, future orientation, late adolescence, senior high school students

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaquelFD_DISSERT.pdf: 1009216 bytes, checksum: f857701876f550ec34f702bc663e127e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The pro-ecological commitment (CPE) constitutes an important topic within Person- Environment Studies, here seen as a predisposition to practices that result in environmental protection. Under the framework of sustainability, the concept of sustainable behavior emerges, covering, in addition to CPE, new psychological dimensions such as: the future time perspective (PTF) and the ecological worldviews (VEM). The current study intended to explore the concept of sustainable behavior of university students, by means of the association among some of its dimensions: CPE, PTF and VEM. For this purpose, 380 undergraduate students of biology, ecology, nursing, geography, and social service answered a form containing: socio-demographic questionnaire, a question on self-assessment of environmental care, the Scale of Ecocentric and Anthropocentric Environmentalisms, the Scale Consideration of Future Consequences, and the Scale Ecological Worldviews. Based on descriptive and correlational procedures, it was found that 78% of the participants practice or have practiced environmental care (caregivers) and the spread of information has been the practice more frequently reported, and the source of influence for such practices were the school, social networks, and the contact with nature It was also observed the association between practice of environmental care and ecocentric environmentalism, consideration of future consequences and egalitarian worldview (worldview of fragile nature). The lack of environmental care was associated with anthropocentric environmentalism, apathy, and individualistic worldview (worldview of passivity). As expected, and suggested by the literature, positive association were found between the sustainable behavior dimensions investigated in this study and the practice of environmental care / O compromisso pr?-ecol?gico (CPE) se constitui como t?pico importante no ?mbito dos estudos pessoa-ambiente, sendo entendido como uma postura frente ?s quest?es ambientais que predisp?e pr?ticas que resultam na prote??o do meio ambiente. Sob o referencial da sustentabilidade, emerge a no??o de conduta sustent?vel que, al?m do CPE, abarca novas dimens?es psicol?gicas, entre elas: a perspectiva temporal de futuro (PTF) e as vis?es ecol?gicas de mundo (VEM). O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral explorar, com estudantes universit?rios, a no??o de conduta sustent?vel, por meio da associa??o entre algumas dimens?es que a comp?em: CPE, PTF e VEM. Para tanto, 380 alunos dos cursos de biologia, ecologia, enfermagem, geografia e servi?o social responderam a um formul?rio contendo: question?rio sociodemogr?fico, uma quest?o sobre auto-avalia??o da pr?tica de cuidado ambiental, a Escala de Ambientalismos Ecoc?ntrico e Antropoc?ntrico, a Escala de Considera??o de Consequ?ncias Futuras, e a Escala de Vis?es Ecol?gicas de Mundo. A partir das inter-rela??es entre vari?veis, feitas por via de procedimentos descritivos e correlacionais, observou-se que 78% dos participantes pratica ou j? praticou cuidado ambiental (cuidadores), tendo sido a propaga??o de informa??o a pr?tica mais frequentemente relatada, e a escola, o contato com a natureza e a rede social as influ?ncias recebidas para estas pr?ticas. Observou-se, tamb?m, a associa??o da pr?tica de cuidado ambiental com o ambientalismo ecoc?ntrico, a considera??o de consequ?ncias futuras e a vis?o de mundo igualit?ria (vis?o de natureza fr?gil). A aus?ncia de cuidado ambiental esteve associada com o ambientalismo antropoc?ntrico e a apatia, e com a vis?o ecol?gica de mundo individualista (vis?o passiva). Tal como esperado e sugerido na literatura, foi constatada a exist?ncia de associa??es positivas entre as dimens?es da conduta sustent?vel investigadas neste estudo e a pr?tica de cuidado ambiental