En nous invitant à considérer son œuvre d’un point de vue esthétique, André Gide souhaite dépasser les considérations morales et psychanalytiques plaçant un pan de la sexualité en dehors de la norme. L’auteur s’attache à présenter les défauts de tout ce qui est défini a priori comme étant la normale. Ainsi, le paraître auquel ont recours certains personnages de L’Immoraliste, des Caves du Vatican ou des Faux-monnayeurs permet de repenser le modèle représenté par la famille bourgeoise. Il ne convient plus de traiter certaines perversions comme de simples déviances. En jouant avec les apparences, les personnages oscillent entre le monde du spectacle et le travestissement. Tous ces jeux rhétoriques et esthétiques incitent à une redéfinition de la perversion. Ajoutons enfin que cette volonté de dépasser l’idée selon laquelle l’homosexuel se trouve en dehors de la normale permet à Gide de proposer une véritable réflexion sur l’homosexualité et la place de l’homosexuel dans notre société. C’est notamment grâce à cette réflexion que va émerger dans les pays anglo-saxons et plus tardivement en France une nouvelle approche de la sexualité appelée : Gender Studies / By asking to look at his work from an aesthetical point of view, André Gide wishes to go beyond the moral and psychological standards which tend to consider some parts of sexuality outside of the norm. Gide shows all the flaws of what is considered normal. In doing so, the family has to face its own flaws. The appearance that is shown by some characters of L'Immoraliste, Les Caves du Vatican or Les Faux-monnayeurs, gives the author the opportunity to reconsider the model that embodies the bourgeois family. Hence, it appears that the principles on which are based the norm and what is normal aren’t enough to claim that some perversions are just deviances. Playing with appearances, the characters range from simple acting to complete disguise; therefore, no one can rely on what they have shown. Through rhetorical and aesthetical games, Gide invites us to redefine perversion. Moving the boundaries that place the homosexual outside of the norm, Gide goes in depth about homosexuality and its standing in our society. Thanks to this new definition, it will emerge first in Anglo-Saxon countries and later in France a new approach to sexuality called "Gender Studies".

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Lumiere de nuit (Creative Works). The five short stories selected in Lumiere de nuit are linked by a central theme that can be described as a venturesome and initiatory quest in the larger story of Reality. The glorification of both the flesh and the spirit is recurrent and validated by the experience of existence. A disturbed atmosphere is imprinted in the inmost being of the characters who are compelled to undergo extremes experiences. The world that is given to them, or that they depict, is divided, the rhythm of life is syncopated as in jazz melodies. Their neurosis translates to the reader in short sentences that have the effect of mental short circuits. Lumiere de nuit, Quadrille, La femme violette, La tasse de the, and Le matin. Avec Beatrice surge at the frontier between Eros and Thanatos, in the tensive state that binds love and hatred, imagination and reality, uniqueness and doubleness. / The Rift: The development of the characters in Andre Gide's Les Faux-Monnayeurs (Critical Essay). Since it is both the witness and the subject of the novel, the protagonist is the most reliable barometer of the reversals that occur within. At the crossroad of times and literary trends, the gidian character, in its fruitful singularity, is a constant source of amazement. Haunted by doubt and fundamental interrogations, this protagonist exists only in imagining life, feels only in imagining feelings, and talks only behind different masks, names and destinies. All of which are the product of its imagination, of course. I intend to analyse the construction of this character, as difficult to seize and define as is Gide, in the author's most accomplished novel, Les Faux-Monnayeurs.

This thesis contains eight chapters. The first deals with Gide's knowledge of English, the second with his ideas on translation. The remaining six examine his versions of the following: Gitanjali by Rabindranath Tagore, parts of Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman, The Post Office by Tagore, Typhoon by Joseph Conrad, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell by William Blake and the preface of The Old Wive's Tale by Arnold Bennett. The principal conclusions reached are that his English was alarmingly weak, that he must have depended a good deal on the help of others, that his theory of translation was extremely subjective, and that the translations examined, although original, concise and elegant (indeed more elegant than the English text in the case of the two works by Tagore), are too free as well as being simply erroneous in many places.

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Deux écrivains : Gide et Mahfouz, deux visages, l’un occidental, français, l’autre oriental, égyptien d’origine, deux univers de littérature de réputation mondiale reliés dans notre étude par un seul thème : le silence. Diverses sont les similitudes qui se présentent à travers ce thème chez les deux écrivains et dans leurs œuvres. Mais nombreuses sont aussi les divergences. Quel que soit le cas, le thème du silence gidien et mahfouzien peut refléter l’autre visage de la parole, l’art qui consiste à faire taire la parole pour laisser parler le silence.Si le silence est semblable, en apparence, chez Gide et Mahfouz, il est différent quand il s’agit de descendre en détails dans le for intérieur de l’être humain aux prises avec ses évolutions dans des environnements socio-familiaux. La divergence, bien que liée à la situation familiale et sociale, provient aussi de l’éducation des romanciers qui expriment des attitudes personnelles à l’égard d’une incompréhension ou d’une injustice qu’ils ressentent, fruits de leurs propres conditions.Dans le cours de la vie, il y a des plaisirs et des tendres engagements. Certains personnages gidiens utilisent le silence comme un jeu pour marquer leur intelligence et leur pondération face à la course vers les désirs sensuels. Le silence auquel ils ont recours n’est pas l’aveu de leur erreur, mais il reflète une protestation intérieure capable de conduire à une situation de révolte à l’encontre de diverses situations familiales ou sociales.Quant à Mahfouz, qui est avant tout un écrivain réaliste, le silence se présente comme une réalité qui s’impose à la plupart de ses personnages, surtout féminins, une réalité volontairement acceptée et amèrement admise. Dans La Trilogie, les personnages obéissent non seulement par connivence aux règles imposées, mais ils s’arrangent aussi entre eux, dans la plupart des cas, pour que le silence réponde aux conditions familiales et sociales afin de régner obligatoirement. / Two writers: Gide and Mahfouz, two faces, one western and French, the other Eastern and Egyptian of origin, two universes of literature of world reputation connected in our study by a single theme: silence. There are various similarities in the two writers and in their works. But there are also many divergences. Whatever the case, the theme of Gidian silence and Mahfouzain can reflect the other face of speech, the art of silencing speech to make the silence speak.If the silence is similar, in appearance, with Gide and Mahfouz, is different when it is a question to going down into details in the inner-self of the human being struggling with his evolutions in socio-familial environments. The divergence, although related to the family and social situation, also comes from the education of novelists, who express personal attitudes towards a misunderstanding or an injustice they feel, fruits of their own conditions.In the course of life, there are pleasures and tender engagements. Some Gidean’s characters use silence as a game to mark their intelligence and their weight in face of the race towards sensual desires. The silence they use is not the admission of their error, but it reflects an inner protest capable of leading to a situation of revolt against various family or social situations.As for Mahfouz, who is above all a realistic writer of Eastern tradition, silence presents itself as a reality which imposes itself on most of his characters, especially feminine, a reality that is deliberately accepted and bitterly admitted. In the Trilogy, the characters not only obey the imposed rules, but they also arrange themselves, in most cases, so that silence responds to family and social conditions in order to rule.

Esta dissertação procura construir uma trajetória que atravesse pontos concernentes à enunciação em quatro livros de André Gide: La Symphonie pastorale, La Porte étroite, Les Faux-monnayeurs e Le Prométhée Mal Enchaîné. A enunciação será aqui pensada junto do artigo de Émile Benveniste intitulado Da subjetividade na linguagem, em que o autor propõe que a subjetividade não seja vista como a substância psíquica sujeito, mas como um posicionamento tomado diante da língua. Não existiria, em outras palavras, sujeito anterior às coordenadas linguísticas que indicam o seu lugar de habitação donde a tentativa de construção, em minha dissertação, de um espaço enunciativo em Gide. Levando em conta as publicações mencionadas, dividi as questões enunciativas em duas principais regiões: a primeira será lida do ponto de vista do pronome eu (La Symphonie pastorale e La Porte étroite) e a segunda, escrita sobretudo com o emprego da dita terceira pessoa (Les Faux-monnayeurs e Le Prométhée Mal Enchaîné), será pensada como, ela também, uma possibilidade enunciativa isto é, como uma possibilidade de presença a partir da emergência do conector mas. O foco na enunciação designa aqui um esforço em deslocar o olhar de determinados jargões que habitam os estudos literários (como o autor ou o narrador), de modo a fundar um campo em que a enunciação possa ser pensada em suas próprias condições de emergência. Ademais, pensar essas condições é também e sobretudo não ignorar o ponto de vista crítico, mas assumi-lo como parte integrante do espaço enunciativo gideano. Assim, junto da reflexão em torno da enunciação em Gide, elabora-se uma tentativa integrada de reflexão de minhas próprias condições para enunciar qualquer coisa que seja dentro desta dissertação. / This dissertation aims at building a path that would cross some points concerning the enunciation in four of André Gides books: La Symphonie pastorale, La Porte étroite, Les Faux-monnayeurs e Le Prométhée Mal Enchaîné. The enunciation will be thought with Émile Benvenistes article Subjectivity in language, in which the author proposes that subjectivity would rather be seen as position taken towards language than as a psychical subject. In other words, there is not a possible subject preceding the language coordinates that indicate its dwelling place from this point, I attempt to build, in this dissertation, an enunciative space in Gide. Taking into consideration the referred publications, I divided the enunciative issues in two main regions: the first will be read under the perspective of the I (La Symphonie pastorale and La Porte étroite) and the second, written mostly with the use of the third person (Les Faux-monnayeurs and Le Prométhée Mal Enchaîné), will be thought such as an enunciative possibility which means a possibility of presence from the emergence of the connector but. The focus on enunciation designates in this text an effort to dislocate the point of view of some jargons occupying today the literary studies (such as author or narrator) in order to establish a field in which the enunciation can be thought in its own emergence conditions. Moreover, thinking this conditions is also and above all not to overlook the critics point of view, but to assume it as an integral part of Gides enunciative space. So with the reflection on Gide, I elaborate an integrated attempt of thinking about my own conditions of enunciating anything within this dissertation.

No presente trabalho, estudamos as relações passíveis de ser estabelecidas entre três obras à primeira vista muito diferentes: as Bucólicasde Virgílio, Paludesde André Gide e Manderre, de Georges Perec. Nosso objetivo é mostrar uma espécie de percurso potencial de um personagem, Títiro, por meiodos textose as transformações por ele sofridas. Por meio de uma análise que leva em consideração o ponto de vista intertextual, tentamos compreender a apropriação feita por cada um dos autores, e as implicações causadas pelos diferentes contextos literários nos quais o personagem se insere. / In this research, we study the relations that can be established between three works at first sight very different: Virgils Eclogues, André Gides Paludesand Georges Perec Manderre. Our aim is to show some sort of potential path followed by acharacter, Tityrus, through the textsand the transformations undergone by him. Through an analysis that considers an intertextual point of view, we try to understand the appropriation made by each author, and the implications caused by different literary contexts in which the character is inserted.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-08T17:39:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 flaviohenriquemoncorvoborges.pdf: 1241728 bytes, checksum: 869a4f2e574f522745b2864af3a7a304 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T03:40:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 flaviohenriquemoncorvoborges.pdf: 1241728 bytes, checksum: 869a4f2e574f522745b2864af3a7a304 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T03:40:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 flaviohenriquemoncorvoborges.pdf: 1241728 bytes, checksum: 869a4f2e574f522745b2864af3a7a304 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-31 / A pesquisa partiu do cenário de fracasso escolar da educação do estado do Rio de Janeiro que resultou por parte do Governo do Estado em especial da Secretaria de Estado de Educação – SEEDUC medidas para reversão desse cenário. Dentre essas medidas destaca-se a implantação do Sistema de Gestão Integrada da Escola – GIDE. Desta forma é realizada uma comparação de um cenário antes e depois da sua implantação em uma escola de Ensino Médio Regular noturno da rede de ensino. Pretendeu-se analisar as mudanças ocorridas na escola com a GIDE, com a perspectiva de avaliar as dificuldades, limitações, perspectivas e soluções dos problemas enfrentados pela escola, onde se destacam as questões do abandono e da distorção escolar. Estas questões são muito comuns em escolas do Ensino Médio noturno e exigem da gestão e do corpo docente medidas que resultem na mudança de suas práticas. Demonstrando-se os dados da escola foi possível analisar as mudanças ocorridas a partir do uso de instrumentos de coleta de dados e pesquisa documental para conhecer as ameaças, fraquezas e vulnerabilidade da escola foco da pesquisa; as forças existentes; avaliação do SAERJ de 2009 a 2011; avaliação da organização escolar; indicativo de fluxo – IF em relação às taxas de rendimento e ao abandono escolar. Desta forma, foi realizado um delineamento do caso de gestão que consistiu na análise e verificação das mudanças das práticas gestora na escola com a implantação da GIDE. Assim como também o delineamento do plano educativo, onde se destacam as dimensões ambientais que deverão fazer parte da aplicação de medidas relativas às variáveis críticas da escola que implicam na manutenção de uma ambiente escolar limpo, de redução da violência escolar, de prevenção do uso de drogas, de prevenção da gravidez precoce e de ações que marcam a dimensão de ensino aprendizagem. O método de pesquisa se orientou pelo estudo de caso que tive como público alvo o corpo gestor, formado somente por uma diretora e o corpo docente. Os resultados demonstraram que o processo de inovação implementado pela GIDE na gestão escolar ocorreu por meio de monitoramento e análises de resultados e o uso de métodos e técnicas que favoreceram a gestão da escola pesquisada, adquirir novas experiências pedagógicas administrativas e uma maior segurança para tomar decisões como o reconhecimento efetivo da situação escolar. Sob essa perspectiva, em nível de curto prazo da implantação da GIDE se produziu uma maior cooperação e articulação para a melhoria do processo escolar e da aprendizagem que puderam ser sentidos em relação ao comportamento de cooperação no trabalho escolar entre a gestão e o corpo docente, por meio do ordenamento interno escolar para atingir os resultados e metas previstas. O Plano de Ação Educacional – PAE proposto teve como foco desenvolver e propor melhorias a ações anteriormente praticadas para que a escola possa atingir níveis de melhoria escolar mais efetivos a longo prazo. / The research started school failure scenario of education in the state of Rio de Janeiro that resulted from the Government of the State particularly the State Department of Education - SDE measures to reverse this scenario. Among these measures highlights the implementation of the Integrated Management System of School - IMSS. Thus a comparison is made of a scenario before and after its implementation in a high school regular nightly network teaching. It was intended to analyze the changes in the school with IMSS, with the purpose of assessing the difficulties, limitations, perspectives and solutions to the problems faced by the school, where we highlight the issues of abandonment and distorting School. These issues are very common in schools of high school night and require management and faculty measures that result in changing their practices. Demonstrating the data the school has been possible to analyze the changes that occurred from the use of instruments for data collection and documentary research to meet the threats, weaknesses and vulnerability of school research focus; existing forces; assessment SAERJ 2009 to 2011; evaluation of school organization; indicative flow - IF regarding yields and dropout. Thus, there was a design of case management which consisted of the analysis and verification of changes in school management practices with the implementation of the IMSS. As well as the design of the educational plan , which highlight the environmental dimension should be part of the implementation of measures related to school critical variables that imply the maintenance of a school environment clean to reduce school violence prevention using drugs , prevention of early pregnancy and actions that characterize the teaching dimension of learning. The research method is guided by a case study that had as target the body manager, formed only by a director and faculty. The results showed that the process of innovation implemented by IMSS school management was through monitoring and analysis of results and the use of methods and techniques that favored school management researched acquire new administrative and teaching experience greater security to make decisions as effective recognition of the school situation. From this perspective, at the level of short-term deployment of IMSS is produced greater cooperation and coordination for the improvement of school and learning that could be felt in relation to the behavior of cooperative work between the school administration and faculty, for through domestic law school to achieve the results and goals set. The Action Plan Educational - APE proposed focused on developing and proposing improvements to shares previously committed to the school can achieve levels of school improvement more effective in the long term.