O trabalho teve como objetivos desenvolver sorvetes com leite de cabra, polpa de cajá e cepas potencialmente probióticas Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 e Lactobacillus paracasei LBC82, verificar a viabilidade dessas cepas e avaliar as características dos produtos ao longo de seu armazenamento a -18ºC por até 12 semanas, bem como a resistência das cepas incorporadas nos produtos a condições gástricas e entéricas simuladas in vitro. Primeiramente, foi desenvolvido creme de leite de cabra para aplicação no produto. Em seguida, foram realizados os ensaios de desenvolvimento dos sorvetes, os quais variaram de acordo com a adição de gordura láctea caprina (sorvetes SC) e a sua substituição por inulina (sorvetes SI) e com a adição de 2 cepas de Lactobacillus - L. rhamnosus HN001 (Lr) e L. paracasei LBC82 (Lp), tendo sido assim denominados: SCr - com gordura láctea caprina + Lr; SCp - com gordura láctea caprina + Lp; SIr - com inulina + Lr; SIp - com inulina + Lp. Os sorvetes foram armazenados a -18±3ºC por até 12 semanas (84 dias) e analisados quanto às seguintes características: overrun (durante a elaboração), fração de derretimento e dureza instrumental (após 14 dias), composição centesimal (após 21 dias), pH (após 1, 28, 56 e 84 dias), viabilidade dos probióticos (durante o processamento e após 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56 e 84 dias) e sua resistência às condições gástrica e entérica simuladas in vitro (após 28 e 84 dias). Os sorvetes foram, ainda, comparados quanto à sua aceitação sensorial (escala hedônica de 9 pontos, com 1 = desgostei muitíssimo e 9 = gostei muitíssimo) na Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Sobral, CE (após 7, 42 e 84 dias) e, para efeito de comparação entre consumidores de dois locais e público distintos, também foram submetidos à análise sensorial, 7 dias após a sua produção, na FCF/USP, SP. Todos os sorvetes, apesar dos valores de pH inferiores a 4,5, apresentaram populações médias de Lactobacllus spp. acima de 8 log UFC/g e estáveis, durante 84 dias de armazenamento. Por outro lado, as cepas testadas mostraram baixa sobrevivência nos testes in vitro realizados, com ligeiro aumento dessa sobrevivência na presença de inulina aos 28 dias de armazenamento, particularmente para SIp. Os 4 sorvetes estudados apresentaram notas médias que variaram de 6,9 (SIr, aos 42 dias) a 8,0 (SCp, aos 7 dias) na avaliação sensorial, sem diferenças significativas entre os sorvetes, mas com uma diminuição significativa nas notas ao longo do armazenamento para os sorvetes com creme (p<0,05), o que não foi observado para os sorvetes com inulina, que mostraram, ainda, maior firmeza (p<0,05), com teores inferiores de lipídeos. Quando os 2 públicos de regiões distintas foram comparados quanto à aceitação sensorial, não foi verificada diferença significativa para os sorvetes com inulina, enquanto que aqueles com creme de cabra obtiveram notas significativamente inferiores (p<0,05) do público de SP (médias de 7,60 e 7,46, respectivamente, para SCr e SCp), comparado àquele do CE (médias de 7,95 e 8,03, respectivamente, para SCr e SCp). Conclui-se que os sorvetes de leite de cabra com polpa de cajá desenvolvidos apresentaram uma boa sobrevivência das cepas de Lactobacillus estudadas no produto e boas características sensoriais. As formulações contendo inulina seriam a melhor opção, por apresentarem, ainda, características prebióticas, teores inferiores de lipídeos, com maior estabilidade quanto à aceitação sensorial com o armazenamento e quando avaliados pelo público dos 2 diferentes locais testados. Os sorvetes estudados são uma opção viável para empregar alimentos como o leite de cabra e a polpa de cajá no desenvolvimento de produtos que contenham características funcionais, portanto, alto valor agregado. / This study aimed to develop a goat milk-based ice-cream with yellow mombin pulp and supplemented with the potentially probiotic strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Lactobacillus paracasei LBC82, check the viability of these strains and evaluate the products\' features throughout their storage at -18ºC for up to 12 weeks, besides the resistance of the strains incorporated into the products through in vitro gastric and enteric simulated conditions. Firstly, a goat milk cream was developed to be used in the product. Next, tests were conducted for the ice-cream formulations developed. These formulations varied according to the addition of goat milk cream (ICMC) or substitution of milk cream by inulin (ICI) and with the addition of two strains of Lactobacillus - L. rhamnosus HN001 (Lr) and L. paracasei LBC82 (Lp), and were designated as follows: ICMCr - with goat milk cream + Lr; ICMCp - with goat milk cream + Lp; ICIr - with inulin + Lr; ICIp - with inulin + Lp. The ice-creams were stored at -18±3°C for up to 12 weeks (84 days) and analyzed for the following features: overrun (during production), melting rate and instrumental hardness (after 14 days), chemical composition (after 21 days), pH (after 1, 28, 56, and 84 days), probiotics viability (during production and after 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, and 84 days) and their resistance to in vitro simulated gastric and enteric conditions (after 28 and 84 days). The ice-creams were also compared for their sensory acceptability (9-point hedonic scale, with 1 = dislike extremely and 9 = like extremely) at Embrapa Sheep and Goats, Sobral, CE (after 7, 42, and 84 days). In order to compare sensory acceptability between consumers and local public from two different areas, sensory analysis was also conducted at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at USP, SP, seven days after their production. The four kinds of ice-creams, even though with pH values below 4.5, showed Lactobacllus spp. mean populations above 8 log CFU/g and stable up to 84 days of storage. Nevertheless, the strains tested showed low survival through the in vitro tests and a slight increased survival in the presence of inulin at 28 days of storage, particularly for the ICI ice-creams. The four products studied had mean scores ranging from 6.9 (ICIr, at 42 days) up to 8.0 (ICMCp, at 7 days) in the sensory evaluation, with no significant differences between the ice-creams, but with a significant decrease in the scores during storage for the ice-creams with goat milk cream (p <0.05). This was not observed for the ice-creams with inulin, which also showed higher firmness (p <0.05), with lower lipids levels. When the consumers of the two different areas were compared regarding sensory acceptability of ice-creams, no significant difference was found among ice-creams with inulin, whereas those with goat milk cream received significantly lower scores (p <0.05) from SP consumers (mean 7.60 and 7.46, respectively, for ICMCr and for ICMCp), compared to those of CE (mean 7.95 and 8.03, respectively, for ICMCr and ICMCp). In conclusion, the goat milk-based ice-cream with yellow mombin pulp developed showed good survival of the Lactobacillus strains studied in the product and good sensory features. Formulations containing inulin would be the best option, as they also presented prebiotic characteristics, lower lipid levels, showed greater stability regarding sensory acceptability during storage and when evaluated by the public from the two different areas tested. The ice-creams studied are good options for employing foods like goat milk and yellow mombin pulp in the development of products with functional properties and, therefore, with high added values.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-26T19:19:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Douglas Mena do Couto.pdf: 606195 bytes, checksum: fa7a8535b5076ea8a9110160998332f1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-26T19:19:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Douglas Mena do Couto.pdf: 606195 bytes, checksum: fa7a8535b5076ea8a9110160998332f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-26 / CAPES / The research was conducted at the Instituto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, located in the municipality of Serop?dica, state of Rio de Janeiro. We used 26 animals with 9 males entires, 9 castrated and 8 females aged 5 months and every breed. The animals received the same diet ad libitum, with 11% crude protein, 3.2 Mcal of metabolizable energy and 0.8 kg of dry matter meeting the nutrient requirements recommended by NRC (1981) for average daily gain of 0, 1 Kg morphometric measurements were carried out fortnightly in the morning before feeding, with the aid of tape being checked: withers height (WH), hip height (HH), heart girth (HG), perimeter barrel (PB), body length (BL), rump length (RL), chest width (CW) and rump width (RW). The evaluations of the body condition of the animals were done in prior to the slaughter. The procedures were performed by three examiners, who established score ranging from 1 to 5, according to visual observation and tactile regions rib, back and sternum, based on the degree of fat deposition and muscle development. As the largest increase in these tissues the body condition score. The goats were fasted solids for 14 hours before slaughter, and weighed (final weight - FH) immediately before. The morphometric measurements of carcass were: internal carcass length (CL), leg length (LL) and cushion thickness (CT) were obtained with the aid of tape and compass, in the case of the last measurement. There was not difference between groups, but the largest absolute values were found for bulls, steers and females respectively. This fact can be explained by the action of testosterone in whole animals, but as they were still in the onset of puberty may not have been enough for the secondary sex characteristics to excel. Goats breed is an alternative to meat production in intensive farming systems. The choice between the sexes to be created will depend on the infrastructure of the breeding, management and marketing to be stocked. / Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as medidas morfofuncionais, caracter?sticas de carca?a e a composi??o centesimal da carne de cabritos machos inteiros, machos castrados e f?meas. A pesquisa foi conduzida no Instituto de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, localizado no munic?pio de Serop?dica, estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram utilizados 26 animais sendo 9 machos inteiros, 9 machos castrados e 8 f?meas com idade de 5 meses e todos sem ra?a definida. Os animais receberam a mesma dieta, ? vontade, com 11% de prote?na bruta, 3,2 Mcal de energia metaboliz?vel e 0,8Kg de mat?ria seca atendendo as exig?ncias nutricionais recomendadas pelo NRC (1987) para o ganho de peso di?rio de 0,1 Kg. As pesagens foram realizadas quinzenalmente e as medi??es morfofuncionais tomadas no dia anterior ao abate, pela manh?, antes do arra?oamento, com o aux?lio de fita m?trica, sendo verificadas: altura de cernelha (AC), altura de garupa (AG), per?metro tor?cico (PT), per?metro de barril (PB), comprimento corporal (CC), comprimento de garupa (CG), largura de peito (LP) e largura de garupa (LG). As avalia??es da condi??o corporal dos animais foram feitas no dia anterior ao do abate. Os procedimentos foram executados por tr?s avaliadores, os quais estabeleceram pontua??o variando de 1 a 5, de acordo com observa??o visual e t?til das regi?es de lombo e esterno, com base no grau de deposi??o de gordura e desenvolvimento muscular. Conforme o aumento destes tecidos, maior o escore da condi??o corporal. Os cabritos foram submetidos a jejum de s?lidos por 14 horas antes do abate, e pesados (peso ao abate ? PA) imediatamente antes. As medidas morfofuncionais da carca?a foram: comprimento interno da carca?a (CIC), comprimento de perna (CP) e espessura de cox?o (EC) que foram obtidas com o aux?lio de fita m?trica e compasso, no caso da ?ltima mensura??o. N?o houve diferen?a entre os grupos estudados, por?m os maiores valores absolutos foram encontrados para os machos inteiros, castrados e f?meas respectivamente. Este fato pode ser explicado pela a??o da testosterona nos animais inteiros, mas como estavam ainda no in?cio da puberdade pode n?o ter sido suficiente para que as caracter?sticas sexuais secund?rias se destacassem. Cabritos de diferentes condi??es sexuais s?o alternativa para a produ??o de carne em sistemas de cria??o intensivos. A escolha entre os sexos a serem criados depender? da infraestrutura do criat?rio, manejo e mercado a ser abastecido.

La maîtrise de la conduite d’élevage est essentielle pour produire des chevrettes qui expriment pleinement leur potentiel laitier au cours de leur carrière. Elle implique la détermination de phases clés au cours de la période de croissance, notamment pour la mise en place de la glande mammaire. L’objectif de cette thèse était de déterminer les effets d’un sevrage précoce combiné à différentes conduites alimentaires post-sevrage sur les performances zootechniques de chevrettes de race alpine ainsi que sur le développement de leur glande mammaire. Tout d’abord, nous avons montré qu’un sevrage précoce à 10 kg de poids vif n’affectait ni le développement corporel, ni les performances de reproduction, ni même la production laitière (PL) des chevrettesPar contre, un apport plus élevé de concentré pendant la phase d’élevage a augmenté le développement corporel et le poids de la glande mammaire. Toutefois, cela n’a impacté ni le développement du parenchyme mammaire au cours de la phase pré-pubère ou en début de gestation, ni même la proportion de Cellule Epithéliale Mammaire (CEM). La prolifération des CEM était identique quelle que soit la quantité de concentré ingérée. La PL n’a pas été modifiée par l’augmentation de l’ingestion de concentré. La modification de la concentration en énergie et en protéines du concentré en phase pré-pubère n’a eu d’effet ni sur les performances de croissance ou de reproduction, ni sur le développement de la glande mammaire. La chèvre semble donc s’adapter aux modifications de la conduite alimentaire sans pour autant que l’augmentation de croissanc / Control of husbandry management is essential to produce female goat kids that fully express their milk potential during their career. It involves the determination of key periods during growth, particularly for the mammary gland development. The objective of this thesis was to determinate the effects of early weaning combined with different post-weaning feeding strategies on the performances of alpine goat kids as well as on their mammary gland development. On the one hand, we showed that early weaning at 10 kg of body weight did not affect body development, reproductive parameters or milk production (MP). On the other hand, a high concentrate intake during the rearing period increased body development and the weight of mammary glands.However, this did not impact the development of mammary parenchyma during the pre-pubertal phase or at the beginning of gestation, nor even the proportion of Mammary Epithelial Cells (MEC). The proliferation of MEC was identical regardless of the amount of concentrate ingested. MP was not affected by increasing concentrate intake. Modifying the energy and protein concentration of the concentrate in the pre-pubertal period had no effect on growth, reproductive performance, mammary gland development or mammary parenchyma development. Therefore, goats seem to adapt to changes in feeding strategies without a negative effect of the increase in growth on their ability to produce milk.

Dissertation (MSc(Agriculture) / The main objective of the study was to analyze the economic viability and sustainability of the leasing system in the development of dairy goat’s keepers group in Ga-Mampa, Mafefe rural community. Mafefe is one of the rural communities where dairy goat keeping is given little or no care by the dairy goat keepers. Through an action research process implemented within the community by the Center for Rural Community Empowerment (CRCE/University of Limpopo: Turfloop Campus), community members became interested in developing dairy goat keeping, which was very dubious to the community members as it was their first time to hear about goats bred for milk production. In Limpopo Province, goats are the most common livestock among communal farmers and yet they do not make a significant contribution to the economy of the place, let alone improve income of the households who keep dairy goats. The purpose of the study, therefore, was to find ways to transform the current subsistence system of producing indigenous goats by households in Ga-Mampa Mafefe (Capricorn District (CD)) in the Limpopo Province of South Africa into a viable system of producing, processing and marketing both dairy goats and their byproducts through formal markets. The study attempts to find out as to how a commodity group manages capital through a leasing system to sustainably insure that its members can access a technical innovation: dairy goat keeping. This study also looks at how leasing contributes to the development of the dairy goat project, the community and the development of individual members of the project. The Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) criteria were used to evaluate the economic viability of the leasing system towards the development of dairy goats. The results indicate that the NPV in this study is greater than zero, therefore the project is considered to be economically viable and sustainable, and also the BCR is greater than one indicating that the project is still profitable and hence acceptable. According to the findings from the analytical techniques, production of dairy goats through the leasing system would be profitable to dairy goat keepers. vi A sensitivity analysis to changes in benefits and costs of inputs was conducted. This found the above project proposal to be viable, even when benefits are reduced by 20%. The project proposal was still viable when the cost of inputs was inflated by 20%. In both cases, the benefit cost ratio is greater than one. Also the combined effect of reducing the benefit by 20% and inflating cots by 20% would result in positive Net Present Value (NPV). Results from a survey carried out further show the possibility and viability of producing satisfactory levels of milk from dairy goats in Limpopo Province. / French Embassy, Centre for Rural Community Empowerment (CRCE)

A Comparison of Bone Marrow Derived and Adipose Derived Stem Cells in Point of Care Goat Non-Instrumented Posterolateral Intertransverse Spinal Fusion Daria Brigitte Neidre, Ph.D. The University of Texas at Austin, May, 2010 Supervisor: Roger P. Farrar Concentrated bone marrow containing mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in combination with osteoconductive scaffolds has been used in orthopaedics to replace the need for iliac crest bone grafts. Autologous BMSC volume is limited, but adipose tissue represents a large reservoir of stem cells; adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs). To test these cells, a large animal model using goats was selected due to their similarities to humans in loading conditions of the spine, trabecular bone structure of the vertebrae, and their common use in testing orthopaedic therapies as a clinically relevant model. The aim of this study is to characterize cell surface markers of the isolated cells through flow cytometry, compare goat BMSCs and ADSCs using multilineage differentiation into the osteogenic and adipogenic lineages, and utilize them in a “Point-of-Care” non-instrumented posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion. Both BMSCs and ADSCs were confirmed as stem cells through lack of expression of markers CD34, CD45, CD90, and CD105, which is supported by literature. Both cell types also differentiated into both the adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. Although we had positive in vitro results, we had limited in vivo results. There were no differences between BMSCs, ADSCs and control implantation in identifiable spinal fusion at 3 or 6 months through radiographs or CT scans. Additionally, there were no differences between groups at 6 months in biomechanical testing, histology and microradiographs. Although our in vivo results were lacking in demonstrating fusion at 6 months, this study is the first of it’s kind to investigate a large animal model comparison of BMSCs and ADSCs in spinal fusion and demonstrated that “Point-of-Care” stem cells derived from either bone marrow or adipose tissue demonstrated the potential for bone formation. The in vivo results suggests that this model can be used for stem cell research in orthopaedics, but further research needs to be performed to determine their use, proper scaffold and potential osteoinductive materials needed for solid fusion results in the in vivo model. / text

No description available.

Siekiant nustatyti parazitų pasireiškimo sezoniškumą bei jų intensyvumo kitimą pagal meteorologines sąlygas atlikti tyrimai ekologiniame ožkų ūkyje. Be to buvo taikytas gydymas preparatais Ivomec PLUS ir Panacur granulėmis, jų efektyvumui įvertinti. / In order to determine the seasonal distribution intensity and variations of the meteorological conditions and infection intensity of parasites in organic goat farm. In addition, to determine efficiency of fenbendazole were treated with Panacur and Ivomec PLUS.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:33:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2491601 bytes, checksum: 15ec4f4c0b9df4d54775519361a9402a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-09 / The sub medium São Francisco region, where is located in Petrolina PE, presents two vocations, to be known, the irrigated fruitculture and the goat and sheep exploration, mainly in dry zone. This exploration is often done by small and medium producers. The basic characteristic of these products is the low level technology on the farms. As a result of elementary practices used by them, these animals, most of the times, show a very low index of performance, showing the high death and also the high age to get the weight to be butchered. However, it is known the existence of several researches involving goat s culture. This dissertation identify the majority of these available technologies, the production systems used by the goat s producers, and shows an enabled speller to rural workers, involved direct or indirectly with the goat s culture. With this, to insert the rural extension, as a complement to the goat s producers knowledge. It is understood that it can contribute to a better comprehension of the semi-arid ecosystem and enable a better relationship with it, putting the technologic information available to the sustainability of production systems in several localities. The presupposed is that the dry areas have many things to offer in terms of natural resources, and with this, their population could obtain significant gains, if they were oriented to these. They should be treated by the answers which contemplate the potentiality of each condition found, and as soon as possible they use the appropriated technologies. / A região do submédio São Francisco, onde está localizado o município de Petrolina-PE, apresenta duas vocações: a fruticultura irrigada e a exploração de caprinos e ovinos, principalmente na zona sequeira. Essa exploração normalmente é feita por pequenos e médios produtores. A característica básica destes produtores é o baixo nível tecnológico nas propriedades. Em decorrência da prática rudimentar por eles utilizada, esses animais, quase sempre, apresentam índices de desempenho bastante baixos, destacando-se a alta mortalidade e a elevada idade para atingir o peso ao abate. No entanto, sabe-se da existência de várias pesquisas voltadas para a caprinocultura. Neste trabalho foram identificadas as tecnologias disponibilizadas por elas e os sistemas de produção usados pelos caprinocultores; é também apresentada uma cartilha de capacitação, para rurícolas envolvidos de forma direta ou indireta com a caprinocultura. Essa alternativa é apresentada como forma de implementar a extensão rural na região, ocorrendo sob a convergência do conhecimento tecnológico e instrumental com o conhecimento dos caprinocultores. O objetivo foi contribuir para a melhor compreensão do ecossistema semi- árido e possibilitar melhor convivência com este, colocando as informações tecnológicas disponíveis para a sustentabilidade dos sistemas de produção nas diversas localidades. A pressuposição é de que as áreas de sequeiro têm muito a oferecer em termos de recursos naturais, podendo a sua população obter ganhos significativos, se forem orientadas para isso. Elas devem ser tratadas através de respostas que contemplem as potencialidades de cada condição encontrada, fazendo-se, na medida do possível, uso de tecnologias apropriadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-11T14:41:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CaioSS_DISSERT (1).pdf: 2023160 bytes, checksum: 889bae17ed6856781547d96f3708a3b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / Dairy goat production is described as an activity with a vocation to the semi-arid northeast, constituting a source of salary and food for family farmers residing in the agrarian reform settlements and traditional rural communities. In the Northeast, the main destination of goat milk produced are school feeding government programs and providing food programs for needy populations, and thus, also tend to encourage family farming. Given the importance of family production of goat milk, this study aimed to characterize this kind of production according to their social, economic, environmental and sanitary-hygienic dimensions in rural farms in Mossoró-RN. The data relating to socioeconomic and environmental aspects were collected with the aid of questionnaires to 29 producers. The sanity aspects were evaluated in 29 properties by the diagnosis of goat mastitis by clinical examination, screened mug test, CMT (California Mastitis Test) and microbiological examination; verification of installations and hygienic procedures during milking, by a check list, and counts of mesophilic microrganisms on the hands of milkers and utensils, as well as counts of total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms and E. coli in water used for milking. It was also observed the relationship between the level of adoption of hygienic management against mastitis according of socioeconomic and microbiological aspects evaluated, and between the occurrence of goat mastitis in the properties according socioeconomic, environmental, hygienic and microbiological aspects described. The results showed that most producers, 44,82% e 79,31%, respectively, are inexperienced and have low levels of education, although often participate in training events associated to activity. The properties evaluated are generally small, with rustic installations and small goat herds, which are subject to inadequated sanity and feeding management. Milk yield are low, but present importance as a source of supplementary salary for farmers. The occurrence of mastitis was within the standards expected, and Staphylococcus sp. the main agent isolated. It was observed that the conditions of the installations and hygienic management in the milking are poor, and the bacterial counts of the hands, utensils and water were high in most samples, demonstrating poor sanitary conditions. The level of adoption of hygienic management against mastitis is dependent on characteristics such as training and technical assistance and daily milk production per animal was higher in properties with the best features of this kind of management. While the presence of goat mastitis was not influenced by evaluated variables / A caprinocultura leiteira é descrita como uma atividade agropecuária com vocação para o semiárido nordestino. Constitui-se como fonte de renda e de alimento para os agricultores familiares que residem nos assentamentos de reforma agrária e em comunidades rurais tradicionais. No Nordeste, o principal destino do leite caprino produzido pela agricultura familiar são os programas governamentais de merenda escolar e de fornecimento de alimentos para populações carentes, que desta forma, incentivam este tipo de agricultura. Diante da importância da produção familiar de leite caprino, esta pesquisa objetivou caracterizar este tipo de produção segundo suas dimensões sociais, econômicas, ambientais e higiênico-sanitárias em propriedades rurais do município de Mossoró-RN. Os dados referentes aos aspectos socioeconômicos e ambientais foram coletados com auxílio de questionários aplicados a 29 produtores. Os aspectos sanitários foram avaliados nas 29 propriedades através do diagnóstico da mastite caprina, por meio do exame clínico, teste da caneca telada, CMT (California Mastitis Test) e exame microbiológico; da verificação das instalações e procedimentos de higiene da ordenha, por meio de um check list; e das contagens de micro-organismos mesófilos nas mãos dos ordenhadores e utensílios, bem como das contagens de coliformes totais, termotolerantes e E. coli na água utilizada na ordenha. Também foi verificada a relação entre o nível de adoção do manejo higiênico contra a mastite em função dos aspectos socioeconômicos e microbiológicos avaliados; e entre a ocorrência da mastite caprina nas propriedades segundo seus aspectos socioeconômicos, ambientais, higiênicos e microbiológicos descritos. Os resultados demonstraram que a maior parte dos produtores, 44,82% e 79,31%, respectivamente, é pouco experiente e tem níveis de escolaridade baixos, apesar de participarem com frequência de eventos de capacitação ligados a atividade. As propriedades avaliadas são, no geral, pequenas, com instalações rústicas e pequenos rebanhos caprinos, os quais são submetidos a manejos sanitários e alimentares deficientes. A produção de leite é baixa, mas apresenta importância como fonte de renda complementar para os produtores. A ocorrência da mastite apresentou-se dentro dos padrões esperados, sendo o Staphylococcus sp. o principal agente isolado. Observou-se que as condições das instalações e de manejo higiênico na ordenha são precárias; bem como as contagens bacterianas das mãos, utensílios e água foram elevadas na maioria das amostras, o que demonstra deficientes condições higiênico-sanitárias. O nível de adoção do manejo higiênico contra a mastite é dependente de características como capacitação e assistência técnica e a produção diária de leite por animal foi mais elevada em propriedades com melhores características deste tipo de manejo. Enquanto que a presença da mastite caprina não foi influenciada pelas variáveis avaliadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T20:30:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoLMC_DISSERT.pdf: 1176741 bytes, checksum: cae29c28ee7539a3660b0db230755381 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / We evaluated the Thermoregulation of the scrotum associated with quality semen of goats grazed in the meteorological conditions of the semi-arid. 10 goats were used. There were 5 observations, with four days of interval. Five groups were formed, each group was collected in different hours (8am, 10am, 12pm, 2pm and 4pm). The skin surface body temperatures (SSBT) and the scrotum (ST), respiratory rate and rectal temperature were recorded. Heat loss by cutaneous evaporation was measured from the H2O/CO2 analyzer, in the body was used a vented cap and in the scrotum was developed a ventilated capsule adapted for that region. The area of scrotum was determined through analysis of regression. Semen was collected via an artificial vagina and evaluated macro-and microscopically. Irradiance, wind speed, air, wet bulb and black globe temperatures were recorded. The Statistical analysis was based on the method of least squares. For analysis of quality of the semen it was used a 5x5 Latin square design. The SSBT 34.5 ±0.92ºC and ST was 33.5 ±0.36ºC, showing a difference of 1ºC between those regions. The latent heat loss was 57.3 ±18.0 W.m-2 for body surface and 49.4 ±15.0 Wm-2 to the scrotum. Semen samples were considered of good quality at all times and days of collection. The conclusion was that the difference between the surface temperatures derive from a combination of mechanisms which involve thermoregulation of the scrotum, and the animals can be utilized for breeding at any time of the day. / Avaliou-se a Termorregulação da bolsa escrotal associada à qualidade do sêmen de caprinos manejados nas condições meteorológicas do semiárido. Foram utilizados 10 caprinos. Foram realizadas 5 observações, com 4 dias de intervalo entre elas. Formou-se 5 grupos, onde cada grupo era coletado em horas distintas (8, 10, 12, 14 e 16h). As temperaturas da superfície cutânea do corpo (TSPSC) e da bolsa escrotal (TSPBE) e retal e freqüência respiratória foram registradas. A perda de calor por evaporação cutânea foi mensurada a partir do analisador de H2O/CO2, no corpo foi utilizada uma cápsula ventilada e na bolsa escrotal foi desenvolvida uma cápsula ventilada adaptada para esta região. A área da bolsa escrotal foi determinada através de análise de regressão. O sêmen foi colhido através de uma vagina artificial e avaliado macro e microscopicamente. Foram registradas a irradiância, velocidade do vento e temperaturas do ar, do bulbo úmido e do globo negro. A análise estatística foi baseada no método dos quadrados mínimos. Para análise da qualidade do sêmen foi utilizado um delineamento quadrado latino 5x5. A TSPSC 34,5 ±0,92ºC e TSPBE foi 33,5 ±0,36ºC, demonstrando diferença de 1 ºC entre estas regiões. A perda de calor latente foi de 57,3 ±18,0W.m-2 para a superfície do corpo e de 49,4 ±15,0 W.m-2 para a bolsa escrotal. O semên foi considerado de boa qualidade em todos os horários e dias de coleta. Cocluiu-se que a diferença ente as temperaturas de superfícies deriva de uma associação de mecanismos que envolve a termorregulação da bolsa escrotal e que os animais podem ser utlizados para reprodução a qualquer hora do dia.