O estudo da cor no cinema tem alcançado relevantes dimensões de pesquisa ao longo da primeira década dos anos 2000. Diversas publicações mapearam os mais amplos temas em que a cor é posta na análise fílmica. Desta maneira, é possível revisitar algumas obras do passado e partir para novas interpretações e olhares. Sob o domínio da cor é que proponho a análise dos filmes Pierrot le fou (Jean-Luc Godard) e Le bonheur (Agnès Varda). Na investigação do sistema cromático desses cineastas, é possível avaliar questões interdisciplinares como a representação da França dos anos 60 e as relações de gênero. / The study of color in the cinema has reached relevant research dimensions throughout the first decade of the 00\'s. Several publications have mapped the broadest theme in which color is put in film analysis. Therefore, it is possible to revisit some past works and move on to new looks and interpretations. Under the domain of the color, I propose the film analysis of Pierrot le fou (Jean-Luc Godard) and Le bonheur (Agnès Varda). In the investigation of the chromatic system of these moviemakers, it is possible to evaluate interdisciplinary questions like the representation of France in the 60\'s and gender relations.

O estudo da cor no cinema tem alcançado relevantes dimensões de pesquisa ao longo da primeira década dos anos 2000. Diversas publicações mapearam os mais amplos temas em que a cor é posta na análise fílmica. Desta maneira, é possível revisitar algumas obras do passado e partir para novas interpretações e olhares. Sob o domínio da cor é que proponho a análise dos filmes Pierrot le fou (Jean-Luc Godard) e Le bonheur (Agnès Varda). Na investigação do sistema cromático desses cineastas, é possível avaliar questões interdisciplinares como a representação da França dos anos 60 e as relações de gênero. / The study of color in the cinema has reached relevant research dimensions throughout the first decade of the 00\'s. Several publications have mapped the broadest theme in which color is put in film analysis. Therefore, it is possible to revisit some past works and move on to new looks and interpretations. Under the domain of the color, I propose the film analysis of Pierrot le fou (Jean-Luc Godard) and Le bonheur (Agnès Varda). In the investigation of the chromatic system of these moviemakers, it is possible to evaluate interdisciplinary questions like the representation of France in the 60\'s and gender relations.

[pt] Esta tese reflete sobre o estatuto contemporâneo da voz no cinema a partir do tratamento a ela dispensado em um recorte de trabalhos audiovisuais cujos procedimentos artísticos singulares convidam à investigação — em especial no que tange ao que se tem reconhecido como manifestações espectrais da voz acusmática. O trabalho se compõe de três ensaios complementares, que investigam de que maneiras e com que efeitos estético-políticos as produções em exame subvertem formas historicamente calcificadas de destituir a palavra de qualquer corporeidade, o que inclui a materialidade da voz. Com esse horizonte, o estudo se debruça sobre as seguintes criações: A paixão de JL (2016), de Carlos Nader; Hilda Hilst pede contato (2018), de Gabriela Greeb; Imagem e palavra (2018), de Jean-Luc Godard; e Vaga carne (2019), de Grace Passô e Ricardo Alves Jr. Por atenção aos modos como esses filmes trabalham e pensam a matéria vocal, distinguem-se e exploram-se três manifestações interligadas da voz acusmática: (1) propomos pensar como vocobiografias espectrais os tratamentos dados por Nader e Greeb aos arquivos de voz de Leonilson e Hilst, com destaque para os movimentos que se ali desdobram entre presença e ausência, indivíduo e coletivo, ficção e realidade; (2) derivamos a noção de um vozerio tátil dos procedimentos com que Godard atende ao imperativo pensar com as mãos, que abre Imagem e palavra, no plano da miríade de vozes ali convocadas; e por fim, (3) refletimos sobre a invenção de uma voz polimorfa no média-metragem de Grace Passô e Ricardo Alves Jr., que, disparado por encenação (2016) e livro (2018) homônimos de autoria da atriz e dramaturga, tem como surpreendente protagonista uma voz com o poder de transitar por diferentes matérias. Mostra-se como, ao mobilizarem a materialidade da voz por diferentes caminhos e com diferentes ênfases, os filmes estudados agem no sentido de deslocar modos arraigados – e passivos – de escuta. / [en] This thesis reflects on the status of the voice in contemporary cinema by examining a selection of audiovisual works whose unique artistic procedures invite investigation — especially with regard to what has been recognized as spectral manifestations of the acousmatic voice. The work is composed of three complementary essays, which investigate how and with what aesthetic-political effects these productions subvert historically calcified forms of depriving the word of any corporeality, notably of the materiality of the voice. With this horizon, the study delves into the following creations: JL s passion (2016), by Carlos Nader; Dead ones, do you live? (2018), by Gabriela Greeb; The image book (2018), by Jean-Luc Godard; and Dazed flesh (2019), by Grace Passô and Ricardo Alves Jr. By attending to the ways in which these films work with and think about the vocal matter, we distinguish and explore three interconnected manifestations of the acousmatic voice: (1) we propose to think about the treatments given by Nader and Greeb to the voice archives of Leonilson and Hilst as spectral vocobiographies, with emphasis on what evolves in between presence and absence, individual and collective, fiction and reality; (2) we derive the notion of a tactile buzz from the singular ways in which Godard combines the myriad of voices he summons, as yet another means to respond to the imperative that opens the film, namely, to think with the hands; and finally, (3) we reflect on the invention of a polymorphous voice in the medium-length film by Grace Passô and Ricardo Alves Jr., which, triggered by homonymous staging (2016) and book (2018) by Passô, has as its surprising protagonist a voice with the power to transit through different subjects. I show how, by mobilizing the materiality of the voice through different paths and with different emphases, the studied films act in order to displace entrenched — and passive — modes of listening.

Cette thèse, qui a pour objet dʼétude un seul film, celui de Jean-Luc Godard intitulé : HISTOIRE(S) DU CINÉMA, se compose de deux mouvements spéculaires distincts : avant le film et après le film.La première partie de notre thèse tente ainsi de produire la généalogie du film, c'est-à-dire à établir les divers et nombreux projets qui ont abouti aux multiples versions, qui ont été diffusées de façon parcellaires. La date que nous avons fait figurer dans notre titre correspond au plus large encadrement possible, correspondant entre son premier projet d'écriture : "Moi, Je" en 1973 et la date de sortie de la toute dernière version du film : "Moments choisis des Histoire(s) du cinéma" en 2004.Ensuite dans une seconde partie, notre réflexion a visé à interroger sur deux sortes d'éléments antérieurs qui ont donc prédéterminé a vouloir faire ce film. le premier étant Godard lui-même et les traces quʼil a laissé avant le film et le second domaine concerne les personnes autour de lui qui ont été des figures tutélaires : Langlois, Malraux et Bazin. La troisième partie entame l'aspect qu'on a nommé après le film. Il consiste à produire une critique du film en conduisant d'abord notre propre subjectivité à opérer un plan par plan précis des quinze premières séquences, relevant le pari qu'elle nous fournit une gamme esthétique relativement représentative du film. Ensuite nous avons répertorié un grand nombre de critiques qui ont été faites (jusqu'en 2008) car cela nous semble révélateur des types de discours quʼon tient devant le film, révélant cet objet filmique dans le monde cinéma. D'une certaine vue nous avons établi une pré-bibliographie du film par laquelle cette étude se termine. / This thesis, have the object of a lonely film, that Jean-Luc Godard titled: Histoire(s) du Cinema (meaning History(ies) of Cinema) It consists of two distinct specular studies movements: before the film and after the film. The first part of our thesis try to produce a genealogy of this film. So by establishing the various and numerous projects that have resulted in a multiple versions, which have been disseminated in a parcel of time. The date that we have shown in our title corresponds to the widest possible framing, corresponding between his first writing project: « Moi, Je » (meaning Me, Myself & I) in 1973 and the releasing date of his latest version of the movie: « MOMENTS CHOISIS D’HISTOIRE(S) DU CINÉMA » (meaning Selected Moments of History(s) of Cinema "in 2004. Then in a second part, our reflection aimed at questioning two kinds of earlier elements which therefore predetermined to want to make this movie. The first being Godard himself and the traces he left before the film and the second domain concerns some people around him who were the Guardian figures: Langlois, Malraux and Bazin.The third part begins the aspect that was named after the film. It consists in producing a critique of the movie by first leading our own subjectivity to operate a plan by precise plan of the first fifteen sequences, raising the bet that it provides us with a fairly representative aesthetic range of the film. Then we have listed a lot of criticisms that have been made (up to 2008) because it seems indicative of the types of speeches that we hold in front of the film, revealing this cinematic object in the world of cinema. From a certain view we have established a pre-bibliography of the film by which this study ends.

<p>Med utgångspunkt i teoribegreppen fysionomi och fotogeni analyseras närbilderna av Anna Karinas ansikte i Vivre sa vie (Jean –Luc Godard, 1962). Arbetet inleds med en teoretisk re-dogörelse av begreppens uppkomst, innebörd och användningsområde. Fokus i den här delen är kring Jean Epstein och Béla Balázs texter om begreppen och dess framväxt på 1920-talet. Vivre sa vie är uppdelad i 12 episoder, i 6 av dem förekommer närbilder av ansiktet som ingår i arbetets filmanalys. Syftet är att hitta spår av begreppen i närbilderna, samt av resultatet där-ifrån undersöka tolkningsvarianter av närbildernas narrativ.</p><p>Genom att ställa begreppen mot varandra och koppla dem till senare teorier inom området, belyses och problematiseras diskursen ytterligare. Filmbilder som plockas ur sitt sammanhang och sätts ihop efter varandra skapar nya narrativa aspekter, detta undersöks i arbetet. Kopplingar görs till dansken Carl.T. Dreyers filmstil i slutet av stumfilmsepoken. Andra äm-nen som behandlas i uppsatsen är identitetsproblematiken i den moderna storstaden och dis-kursen kring bildens moral och konstens aura.</p><p>Teorier kring filmens narrativ kopplas främst till David Bordwell´s text Narration in the Fic-tion Film. Där han menar att Vivre sa vie handlar om problem med kommunikation på olika sätt. Vidare menar han att filmens handling kan tolkas som att den kretsar kring filmmediet generellt. Resultatet av filmanalysen gav utläsbara spår av fysionomi i ansiktets mimik. Det var besvärligare att visa på närbildernas fotogena innehåller. I filmens ljud och i abstraktionen av ansiktet finns dock kopplingar till fotogenibegreppet.</p>

Med utgångspunkt i teoribegreppen fysionomi och fotogeni analyseras närbilderna av Anna Karinas ansikte i Vivre sa vie (Jean –Luc Godard, 1962). Arbetet inleds med en teoretisk re-dogörelse av begreppens uppkomst, innebörd och användningsområde. Fokus i den här delen är kring Jean Epstein och Béla Balázs texter om begreppen och dess framväxt på 1920-talet. Vivre sa vie är uppdelad i 12 episoder, i 6 av dem förekommer närbilder av ansiktet som ingår i arbetets filmanalys. Syftet är att hitta spår av begreppen i närbilderna, samt av resultatet där-ifrån undersöka tolkningsvarianter av närbildernas narrativ. Genom att ställa begreppen mot varandra och koppla dem till senare teorier inom området, belyses och problematiseras diskursen ytterligare. Filmbilder som plockas ur sitt sammanhang och sätts ihop efter varandra skapar nya narrativa aspekter, detta undersöks i arbetet. Kopplingar görs till dansken Carl.T. Dreyers filmstil i slutet av stumfilmsepoken. Andra äm-nen som behandlas i uppsatsen är identitetsproblematiken i den moderna storstaden och dis-kursen kring bildens moral och konstens aura. Teorier kring filmens narrativ kopplas främst till David Bordwell´s text Narration in the Fic-tion Film. Där han menar att Vivre sa vie handlar om problem med kommunikation på olika sätt. Vidare menar han att filmens handling kan tolkas som att den kretsar kring filmmediet generellt. Resultatet av filmanalysen gav utläsbara spår av fysionomi i ansiktets mimik. Det var besvärligare att visa på närbildernas fotogena innehåller. I filmens ljud och i abstraktionen av ansiktet finns dock kopplingar till fotogenibegreppet.

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In Outside the Metropolitan Frame: The Nouvelle Vague and the Foreign, 1954-1968 I examine the significance of the Nouvelle Vague directors’ engagement with the world beyond metropolitan France, through formal analyses of seminal films by Jean-Luc Godard, Chris Marker, Alain Resnais, and Jean Rouch, as well as close readings of archival documents pertaining to their promotion and reception. I contend that the directors of the Nouvelle Vague were concerned with the shifts in national, transnational and colonial dynamics that marked their era. I demonstrate that their texts and films are structured by a dialectical relationship between a gaze turned outwards onto the world beyond metropolitan France, and a gaze turned inwards, onto the French. In my first three chapters, I inscribe the Nouvelle Vague in a cultural longue durée by examining its formal and thematic continuities with the tradition of French ethnography; the inter-war artistic movement, Surrealism; and the cinéma vérité documentary tradition of the early 1960s. I illustrate that the films of the Nouvelle Vague were fundamentally shaped by their directors’ engagement with the decolonization of the French empire. In my final chapter, I reexamine the most conspicuous example of foreign influence on the Nouvelle Vague, American cinema, in light of my preceding demonstrations. I determine that there are two levels of foreign influence on the Nouvelle Vague, and that the influence of American cinema was above all textual and superficial, whereas a grappling with the end of the French empire was, though far less conspicuous, fundamental to the form of the Nouvelle Vague films themselves.

Jean-Luc Godard and Jean-Pierre Gorin made in 1970 a “political film politically” about the Palestinian Revolution, Jusqu’à la victoire, which remained unfinished. Under the framework of their audio-visual research project, Sonimage, Godard edited the Palestinian footage with Anne-Marie Miéville. Working through the collapse of the revolutionary project, imaging the Palestinian resistance became a matter of the restitution of speech to the absent and to the dead Palestinians – to whom, as Godard laments self-critically in the film, they had not listened to. Godard’s and Miéville’s compass for action was reconfigured as “audiovisual journalism,” addressing the changing conditions in political engagement, challenging the mediatization of mediation prompted by the Leftist utopian belief in the emancipatory potential of the media. The hegemonic discourse circulating within Leftist intellectual culture abandoned the iconic referent of “The Revolution,” which became the fatal harbinger of totalitarianism. Since then, Third World subjects have been figured as terrorists or victims who are incapable of determining themselves politically, or to “develop” economically. Such a turn has given leeway to new models of engagement and emancipation that account for the real of reality, embedded in the non-discourse of rights or counter-memory, while beckoning for a politics of infinite restitution. Godard returned to the Palestine Question thirty years later in Notre musique, by stopping-over in post-war Sarajevo, a place where it became possible for Godard to host a gathering of the Trojan poets and storytellers of sorts. Reconciliation and rehabilitation are the reverse-shot of a world of violent ethnic strife evidencing the futility of the politization of forgiveness. By way of a montage, Godard vouches for the mobilization of the powers of the false in order to save the real. The beautiful becomes necessary to “cover” memories of catastrophe. The aesthetico-political task is the regulation of the distance between the viewer and the screen. The conditions are the belief in images, faith and the desire to see as our links to the world. Within the pervasiveness of the hyperreal and culture, which Godard equates to ruins, the exiles and vanquished call for the exception, which is art.