The main goal of this dissertation was to assess prospectively the value of two cardiovascular magnetic resonance methodises (the transmural extent of an late gadolinium enhancement and the contractile reserve during low dose dobutamine administration) as predictors of left ventricular segmental and global functional recovery in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction undergoing surgical or percutaneous revascularisation. Taking into account previous studies, revascularisation of the viable myocardium results in an improvement of patient’s symptoms and prognosis. This finding emphasized the need for and importance of noninvasive tests to quantify the amount of viable myocardium in patients with left ventricular dysfunction in order to define the optimal management strategy. On the basis of the research described in the dissertation, the diagnostic value of different cardiovascular magnetic resonance based viability prediction methods was assessed. The superiority of combined viability prediction model incorporating an late gadolinium enhancement and the contractile reserve during low dose dobutamine administration was confirmed. The optimal predictors of the significant improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction were found: the percentage of viable segments from all dysfunctional and revascularised segments in a patient and the absolute value of left ventricular ejection fraction measured during low dose dobutamine administration. On the basis of the... [to full text] / Disertacijoje nagrinėta dviejų magnetinio rezonanso metodikų (vėlyvojo kontrastinės medžiagos kaupimo transmuralumo bei mažų dobutamino dozių sukeliamo miokardo kontraktilinio rezervo) bei šių metodikų derinio vertė, prognozuojant bendrosios bei segmentinės kairiojo skilvelio funkcijos atsistatymą po revaskuliarizacijos (perkutaninės vainikinių arterijų intervencijos ar vainikinių arterijų apeinamųjų jungčių suformavimo operacijos), pacientams, turintiems išeminės kilmės kairiojo skilvelio sistolinę disfunkciją. Kadangi yra nustatyta, jog sėkminga gyvybingo miokardo revaskuliarizacija pagerina kairiojo skilvelio sistolinę disfunkciją turinčių pacientų simptomus bei prognozę, todėl gyvybingo miokardo nustatymas yra svarbus, siekiant parinkti optimalią tokių pacientų gydymo taktiką. Disertacijoje aprašomo tyrimo pagalba buvo nustatyta širdies magnetinio rezonanso vertė, prognozuojant miokardo bendrosios bei segmentinės kontrakcijos atsistatymą bei pagrįsta vėlyvojo kontrastinės medžiagos kaupimo transmuralumo bei mažų dobutamino dozių sukeliamo kontraktilinio rezervo nustatymo metodikų derinimo nauda. Disertacijoje aptarti optimalūs reikšmingo bendrosios kairiojo skilvelio sistolinės funkcijos pagerėjimo prognostiniai rodikliai: gyvybingų segmentų procentas nuo visų išeityje disfunkcinių bei revaskuliarizuotų paciento segmentų bei absoliuti kairiojo skilvelio išstūmimo frakcija, išmatuota mažų dobutamino dozių skyrimo metu. Disertacijos rezultatų pagrindu buvo sukurtas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Disertacijoje nagrinėta dviejų magnetinio rezonanso metodikų (vėlyvojo kontrastinės medžiagos kaupimo transmuralumo bei mažų dobutamino dozių sukeliamo miokardo kontraktilinio rezervo) bei šių metodikų derinio vertė, prognozuojant bendrosios bei segmentinės kairiojo skilvelio funkcijos atsistatymą po revaskuliarizacijos (perkutaninės vainikinių arterijų intervencijos ar vainikinių arterijų apeinamųjų jungčių suformavimo operacijos), pacientams, turintiems išeminės kilmės kairiojo skilvelio sistolinę disfunkciją. Kadangi yra nustatyta, jog sėkminga gyvybingo miokardo revaskuliarizacija pagerina kairiojo skilvelio sistolinę disfunkciją turinčių pacientų simptomus bei prognozę, todėl gyvybingo miokardo nustatymas yra svarbus, siekiant parinkti optimalią tokių pacientų gydymo taktiką. Disertacijoje aprašomo tyrimo pagalba buvo nustatyta širdies magnetinio rezonanso vertė, prognozuojant miokardo bendrosios bei segmentinės kontrakcijos atsistatymą bei pagrįsta vėlyvojo kontrastinės medžiagos kaupimo transmuralumo bei mažų dobutamino dozių sukeliamo kontraktilinio rezervo nustatymo metodikų derinimo nauda. Disertacijoje aptarti optimalūs reikšmingo bendrosios kairiojo skilvelio sistolinės funkcijos pagerėjimo prognostiniai rodikliai: gyvybingų segmentų procentas nuo visų išeityje disfunkcinių bei revaskuliarizuotų paciento segmentų bei absoliuti kairiojo skilvelio išstūmimo frakcija, išmatuota mažų dobutamino dozių skyrimo metu. Disertacijos rezultatų pagrindu buvo sukurtas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The main goal of this dissertation was to assess prospectively the value of two cardiovascular magnetic resonance methodises (the transmural extent of an late gadolinium enhancement and the contractile reserve during low dose dobutamine administration) as predictors of left ventricular segmental and global functional recovery in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction undergoing surgical or percutaneous revascularisation. Taking into account previous studies, revascularisation of the viable myocardium results in an improvement of patient’s symptoms and prognosis. This finding emphasized the need for and importance of noninvasive tests to quantify the amount of viable myocardium in patients with left ventricular dysfunction in order to define the optimal management strategy. On the basis of the research described in the dissertation, the diagnostic value of different cardiovascular magnetic resonance based viability prediction methods was assessed. The superiority of combined viability prediction model incorporating an late gadolinium enhancement and the contractile reserve during low dose dobutamine administration was confirmed. The optimal predictors of the significant improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction were found: the percentage of viable segments from all dysfunctional and revascularised segments in a patient and the absolute value of left ventricular ejection fraction measured during low dose dobutamine administration. On the basis of the... [to full text]

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Energy conversion devices using solid-state magnetocaloric materials have the potential to reduce energy consumption and mitigate environmental pollutants. To overcome the limited magnetic entropy change of magnetocaloric materials, magnetic refrigeration devices typically use the active magnetic regenerator (AMR) cycle. AMR devices have demonstrated promising performance, however costs must be reduced for broad market penetration. Although the magnet cost is of greatest importance for commercialization, literature has decoupled magnet design from AMR optimization. And while multilayered regenerators can improve performance without increasing cost, a number of questions remain unanswered as a result of the prohibitive parameter space. This dissertation explores methods of improving AMR performance and decreasing cost both at the subsystem level, namely the magnetocaloric regenerator, fluid flow system and magnetic field source, and the device level by coupling the regenerator and magnet design problems in a cost optimization framework. To improve AMR performance, multilayered regenerators with second-order magnetocaloric materials are experimentally and numerically investigated, yielding insight on how individual layers behave and interact over a wide range of regenerator compositions and operating parameters. An efficient AMR modeling approach is presented where individual layers are treated as cascaded AMR elements, and simulations are in excellent agreement with experiments. Insights from the computationally efficient model are used to inform device modifications, and a no-load temperature span of 40 K is measured in close proximity to the simulated optimum; one of the highest in literature. To simultaneously decrease AMR costs, a permanent magnet optimization framework is explored that is conducive to nonlinear objectives and constraints. This is used to investigate the optimal design of permanent magnet structures with reduced rare-earth permanent magnet materials. The regenerator and magnet design problems are then coupled in a permanent magnet topology optimization to minimize the combined capital and operating costs of an AMR. The optimal magnetic field waveform and the optimal means of producing this waveform are simultaneously obtained. The lifetime ownership costs of the optimized AMR device are shown to be in the realm of existing entry-level cooling devices. The presented cost optimization framework is of interest to both scientists and engineers, and demonstrates the importance of fast AMR models in identifying system designs, regenerator compositions and operating regimes that increase AMR performance and decrease cost. / Graduate

Orientador: José Geraldo Nery / Banca: Ricardo Reis Soares / Banca: Iêda Aparecida Pastrê Fertonani / Resumo: Como em qualquer método de imagem utilizado em medicina, foi desenvolvido para a ressonância magnética por imagem (MRI) um agente de contraste que pudesse realçar apenas as lesões e não os tecidos normais, possibilitando desta maneira não apenas a localização do tecido afetado, mas propiciando também um diagnóstico mais preciso e diferenciado. Os agentes de contraste geralmente utilizados em MRI afetam seletivamente os tempos de relaxamento T1 dos diferentes tecidos, embora os tempos de T2 podem também ser alterados pela introdução desses agentes. Este trabalho caracteriza-se pela busca de novos compostos micro ou mesoporosos que possam ser utilizados como agentes de contraste para MRI. A principal diferença entre os compostos estudados e os quelatos de gadolínio empregados atualmente em MRI está na usa composição química e estado físico. Estes novos compostos são zeólitos, cuja principal característica é sua estrutura altamente cristalina formada por canais e cavidades bem definidas, canais e cavidades onde ocorre a imobilização de íons metálicos. As sínteses destes novos materiais microporosos foram realizadas utilizando-se templates orgânicos derivados da decahidroquinolina, 2,6 dimetil piperidina, 3,5 dimetil piperidina e espartênio. Antes de serem utilizados em diferentes condições de química sol-gel os novos templates sintetizados foram caracterizados por ressonância magnética nuclear ( 13 C e 1 H), espectrometria de massa e por difração de raios-X de monocristais. Os novos materiais microporosos foram sintetizados em diferentes condições de química sol- gel e os principais produtos obtidos foram novos vanadiosilicatos. Os novos materiais microporosos foram caracterizados pelas técnicas de difração de raios-X, ressonância magnética do estado sólido dos núcleos 29 Si, 51 V e 13 C, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, espalhamento Raman... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: As in any other imaging method used in modern medicine, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) requires a contrast media. The contrast media can enhance the contrast of the damage tissue in comparison to the normal ones, facilitating the location of the damage area and providing information for a precise diagnosis. Most of the contrast media commonly used in MRI, affect the relaxation time T1 of the different tissues, and in some case also the relaxation time T2. The main goal of this work was the searching for new microporous or mesoporous materials that could replace the traditional contrast media based on chelates of gadolinium. These microporous materials, different form the chelates of gadolinium, are made up by well defined system of nanoporous and nanochanels where the metal are located. In order to synthesized these new microporous materials, a new family of structure directing agents (SDAs) derivatives of decahydroquinolinium; 2,6 dimethyl piperidine; 3,5 dimethyl piperidine and (S)-Sparteinium were synthesized. The as made new templates were fully characterized by 13 C, 1 H-NMR, ES- Mass Spectrometry, and single crystal X-Ray diffraction. Different sol gel chemistry conditions were studied and explored throughout this study using the new SDAs, however the most out sanding results were obtained for vanadosilicates. The new vanadosilicates were fully characterized by 13 C, 29 Si and 51 V NMR-MAS (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Magic Angle Spinning), Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Raman scattering and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Some of the vanadosilicates synthesized with SDAs (1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) were found to be isomorphous to the Titanosilicate ETS-10 and to the Vanadosilicate AM-6, which open up the possibility of their use as catalyst for shape selectivity oxidative calalysis. Althoug, Vanadosilicates prepared with N-Etil-Sparteinium are stil under... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2012-11-27T18:17:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Patrícia Novais Luz Efeito agudo... 1997.pdf: 28638306 bytes, checksum: 690203708866521de7b4f58b702d4398 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-27T18:17:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Patrícia Novais Luz Efeito agudo... 1997.pdf: 28638306 bytes, checksum: 690203708866521de7b4f58b702d4398 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, Bahia, Brasil / Trabalho realizado com o objetivo de estudar os possíveis efeitos da injeção intracerebroventricular aguda de chumbo e cádmio sobre a função renal. Ratos Wistar machos receberam duas sobrecargas hídrica oral de 5% do peso corporal com intervalo de 60 minutos. Vinte minutos após a segunda sobrecarga hídrica os animais receberam injeções de PbAc e CdCb no terceiro ventrículo em três diferentes doses (0.03, 0.3, 3.0 nmol/rato), sendo comparados ao grupo tratado com salina. Ambos os metais induziram um aumento significante na exaeção de sódio e potássio, sem nenhuma modificação no fluxo urinário. O pré-tratamento com losarían, um antagonista seletivo dos receptores aiigiotensinérgicos ATI (10,8 nmol/rato no terceiro ventrículo 10 minutos antes da injeção cenü'al dos metais), inibiu o efeito natriurético e kaliuréüco induzido pelo chumbo. Quanto ao cádmio o losarían foi capaz apenas de inibir o efeito natriurético, não interferindo na kaliurese.O pré-tralamento com gadolinio, um bloqueador dos canais de cálcio voltagem-dependentes (0.3 nmol/rato no terceiro ventrículo 20 minutos antes da injeção central dos melais), reverteu o aumento na excreção de sódio e potássio induzido pela administração central de PbAc e CdCli. Esses dados indicam que o aumento na natriurese e kaliurese é um efeito agudo da injeção central de cádmio e chumbo. A natriurese observada nos animais tratados com com esses metais parece depender da integridade funcional das vias angiotensinérgicas centrais já que esta foi revertida pelo losartan. Entretanto, a resposta kaliurética observada nos animais tratados com cádmio não é dependente do componente angiotensinérgico central, já que o losartan não foi capaz de reverter a kaliurese observada nos animais tratados com cádmio.O Gadolinio, um bloqueador dos canais de cálcio voltagem-dependentes, é capaz de reverter o efeito natriurético e kahurétíco induzido pelo cádmio e chumbo. Isso sugere, que as ações do chumbo e do cádmio dependem da integridade funcional dos canais de cálcio. Nos animais que receberam apenas a injeção central de gadolinio não foi observado nenhum efeito na exaeção de sódio e potássio. Assim, sugerimos que os metais entram na célula através dos canais de cálcio e, uma vez dentro da célula, interagem com alguns passos bioquímicos dependentes de cálcio levando a alterações na neurotransmissão que induzem a resposta aqui observada. / In the present work we studied the effects of acute intracerebroventricular injections of lead and cadmium on the central control of kidney function. Wistar, adult, male rats received an oral water load equivalent to 10% of their body weight. Twenty minutes after the water load experimental animals received third ventricle injections of PbAc or CdClj in three different doses (0.03, 0.3 and 3.0 nmol/rat) being compared to saline-treated controls. The injection of both metals induced a significant inaease in renal sodium and potassium excretion. Urine flow was not affected by the injections of the metals. Central pretreatment with losartan, a specific angiotensin II ATI receptor antagonist (10.8 nmol/rat into the third ventricle, 10 minutes before the injection of the metals) inhibited botli natriuretic and kaliuretic effects of lead administration. Losartan pretreatment was able to block the natriuretic effect of cadmium injections being unable to modify the kaliuretic effect of this metal. On the other hand, third ventricle injections of gadolinium, a voltage-dependent calcium channels blocker (0.3 nmol/rat 20 minutes before the central injection of the metals) reversed the increase in both natriuretic and kaliuretic response evoked by lead and cadmium administration. These data indicate that natriuresis and kaliuresis enhancement is an acute effect of central injections of both lead and cadmium. The inaeased renal sodium exaetion observed in animals receiving both metals seems to rely on a central angiotensin Il-dependent mechanism since it is reversed by losartan. However, the kaliuretic response observed in cadmium-treated animals is not dependent on this central angiotensinergic component, since losartan is unable to reverse the inaeased renal potassium excretion observed in animals treated with cadmium.Gadolinium, a voltage-dependent calcium channels blocker, is able to reverse the metal-induced kaliuretic and natriuretic effects here observed. Thus, we think that the present actions of lead and cadmium seem to require the functional integrity of calcium channels. The central injection of gadolinium in animals free of metals is devoid of any effect on renal sodium and potassium excretion. It is suggested that the metals enter the brain cell via calcium channels and, once inside the cells, interact with some calcium-related biochemical step leading to an altered neurotransmission state that induces the responses h^e observed.

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