The submitted thesis entitled Framing of the Istanbul Convention in Selected Czech Media examines the way in which this particular topic was presented in printed and online media in the year 2018. The Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence, also known as the Istanbul Convention, is a document, in which Czech Republic, by accepting it, has to commit to the a necessary steps to fight against gender based violence in our country. The aim of this work is to identify and present the specific media frames that have been used in the connection with the discussions surrounding the Istanbul Convention and to describe the construction of the actors around this document. The research sample consists of four printed pieces of media, namely Hospodářské noviny, Lidové noviny, Mladá fronta DNES and Právo and eight online journals aktualne.cz, blesk.cz, denik.cz, eurozpravy.cz, novinky.cz, parlamentnilisty.cz, reflex.cz and seznamzpravy.cz. Qualitative methods based on grounded theory techniques were used for the research. The result of open and axial coding is in total nine media frames about the way in which the Istanbul Convention is framed in Czech media.

Female genital cutting is a problem that has taken several dimensions and continues to be practiced despite enormous efforts and resources invested by governments,non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other stakeholders to ensure that the practice is discontinued worldwide. This study was conducted with the primary objective of assessing the views and perceptions of NGOs on the practice of female genital cutting in Nigeria. The study also examines efforts by civil society and the Nigerian government towards combating and eliminating the practice of FMC in Nigeria. Aside from the systematic literature review, a case study of ten NGOs were interviewed on the telephone. Findings indicate that girls being kept pure as virgins, protection of girls' reproductive potential, increase in fertility, aiding marriageability, traditional practice, and keeping with lineage practice are responsibile for the practice in Nigeria. Few theories were reviewed, and research questions were designed in line with the theories. The approaches include the Functionalist theory, cultural relativism, social theory and Feminism.

The starting point of this study is the common assumption that the Italian society is based on a patriarchal ideological system in which racism is often normalized. The binary distinction between women and men in Italian society has evolved into discussions and awareness raising on genderbased violence or violence against women. As intersectionality has become a central point in Italian contemporary feminism, this study uses the analysis of topics related to the historical creation of the idea of Italian-ness, migration and the influence of right-wing politics in current gender related issues as the basis of a feminist Critical Discourse Analysis. With this in mind, using intersectional theory, postcolonial feminism, and studies of whiteness, the study aims at exploring as to which extent the discourses of three white Italian women, who identify as feminist activists, influence the presence of racialized Italian women in their work. This study should create academic data and contribute to a research that is extremely limited on these topics.

Recent statistics have shown that Violence Against Women (VAW) affects one in three women worldwide. Not only is the issue prevalent at a global scale, it is embedded in the societal fabric of South Africa. Women and girls disproportionately experience public and private environments as unsafe due to the fear or threat of violence against them. Thus, limiting their movement, use and occupation of space. In essence, such instances of violence infringe upon a women’s human rights. In 1996, two years after South Africa became a democracy, it was necessary to manifest physically through architecture the symbolic significance of South Africa’s Constitution. An opportunity for architectural intervention is identified at the Constitution Hill Precinct. The aim is to make more visible and practical advocacy of women’s rights through establishing an association of the Precinct as a safe space for women. The study, through mixed qualitative methods, explores the feminist notion of safe space to understand safety, as both a practical and social construct, is integral to reflect the lived experiences of women. Design principles to guide the architectural intervention are subsequently synthetized from primarily theoretical informants, followed by conceptual, contextual and programmatic informants. The result is the translation of safe space into an architecture of lived experience; where the threat of fear or violence does not intimidate nor limit the occupation and use of space by women; but fosters spaces of empowerment, healing and upliftment. By programming underutilized in-between spaces along the East-West thoroughfare of the Precinct, through a transformative approach towards heritage, the advocacy for women’s rights is made visible and attains an association as a place where women are received and celebrated. Focus is placed on the Western edge of the Precinct to explore social and public programmes in support of women and the community at large. The existing parking lot structures, identified as lost space, are adapted to reflect an architectural intent of safe space and become spaces of meaning and contribution towards the Precinct. Finally, technical resolution of the project stems from the conceptual intentions of the design intervention; expressing a transformative approach between old and new. / Mini Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Architecture / MArch (Prof) / Unrestricted

Gender-based violence (GBV) has reached a state of epidemic proportion globally and in particular in Africa. There have been a few studies that have been conducted on GBV in Sub-Saharan Africa. Lesotho, situated in the heart of South Africa has one of the highest prevalence of GBV. An Ecological Framework by the WHO has divided the risk factors into individual, relationship, community and societal factors. Lebollo is overlapping with most factors but it is mainly an exclusive entity. Lebollo is the cultural circumcision of men and the most common cultural practice amongst Basotho men. Lebollo influences gender roles, normative perceptions and the behaviour of Basotho men. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Lebollo on men’s perceptions on women beating in Lesotho. A cross-sectional study that is based on the DHS survey of Lesotho 2014 was used in this study. Basotho men, ages 15-55, with a sample size of 2921, were selected through a two-stage cluster sampling and completing a standardized questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyse the data. Lebollo was not significantly associated with weakly rejecting GBV perceptions. This was the finding after adjusting for education and socioeconomic factors, that Lebollo was significantly associated with weakly rejecting GBV perceptions. Age, religion, education, wealth and Livential area were identified to affect men’s perceptions of GBV. Most men agreed to women beating with the justification of arguing with her husband. When the Null hypothesis was considered, it was found that Lebollo does not influence the GBV perceptions of men in Lesotho. This is in view of the fact that education and wealth was found to be the strongest predictors and influenced the association between Lebollo and women beating justification (confounders). The Legal and education system of Lesotho including Lebollo needs to be restructured and monitored.

Abstract This research is dedicated to increasing the understanding of the phenomenon of conflict-related violence against men. The topic of conflict-related violence against men has through history been unnoticed, unaddressed, and unrecognized in the field of gender-based violence. Most of the literature, research, and documentation of sexual violence is subsequently more dedicated to women. However, even though there is limited research on the topic there has been an increase in research during the previous years. Moreover, research that does exist on conflict-related sexual violence against men is scarce and missing significant evidence due to underreporting on the issue. The objective of the research is to highlight the consequential gap in research regarding sexually violated men. Doing so by composing a case study on Uganda and analyzing how masculinities, gender norms, gender identity along with others affect sexually violated men, in distinction to the theoretical framework of hegemonic masculinity. Along with analyzing how two substantial organizations, Refugee Law Project, and Men of Hope Refugee Association Uganda, in Uganda, work with male victims of conflict-related sexual violence. This research is composed as a qualitative desk study using abductive reasoning as the analytical framework. The collected data is analyzed through content analysis followed by thematic analysis. The methodological approach and the analytical framework have been chosen to comprehend and achieve an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon of conflict-related sexual violence against men more fully.

This thesis entitled Media construction of gender-based violence in selected Spanish media deals with how the Spanish media frame the topic of gender-based violence. The aim of this work is to identify and describe the dominant interpretive frames that the Spanish media offers in connection with the topic of gender-based violence. The starting point of this diploma thesis is the concept of media framing. The research method is qualitative analysis based on the procedures of grounded theory and uses open and axial coding. The research sample consists of selected Spanish media. Specifically, the online news newspapers El País and El Mundo and the television news stations La 1 and TeleCinco. The result of axial coding is seven categories through which the Spanish media offers the issue of gender-based violence.

Background: Men's violence against women is a global public health problem and is the biggest threat to gender equality. The widespread public health problem has a high number of unrecorded cases that can be related to the women's ill health. The abused women are not always aware of their vulnerability or want to expose the situation. This becomes a challenge for nurses who needs to identify these women first before they can offer help. Nurses’ experiences and knowledge of violence in close relationships are important to be capable to contribute to not let the problem being normalized by the society or the women. Aim: The purpose of the study was to gain knowledge about the nurse's experiences of meeting women which are exposed to violence in close relationships. Method: A literature-based study with 10 qualitative articles and 1 mix-method. The analysis was designed according to Fribergs’s five step model. Results: The study resulted in two main themes: Nurse internal resources, Work environment as obstacles and opportunities. Four subthemes; Experiences in the encounter, Fear and frustration in the encounter, Work environment impact, Opportunities to competence. Conclusion: The nurses felt that the lack of knowledge about violence in close relationships affected the nurse’s responsibilities in the profession. The nurses felt insecure which affected how the abused women were treated in the encounter. The emotional impact was due to several factors as lack of support from co-workers and organizational guidelines. / Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Syftet var att få kunskap om sjuksköterskors upplevelser i mötet med våldsutsatta kvinnor i nära relationer. Studien är baserad på resultatet från vetenskapliga artiklar varav 10 kvalitativa och 1 mixad metod som grundar sig på syftet att få en djupare kunskap om sjuksköterskans erfarenheter i mötet med våldsutsatta kvinnor. I resultatet framkom det att sjuksköterskor upplevde en osäkerhet över att ställa frågor om våld och hur ett avslöjande svar om våldsutsatthet skulle hanteras. Sjuksköterskor upplevde känslor av frustration för kvinnornas situation och en ensamhet i ansvaret. Det framkom att det var brist på riktlinjer, obefintliga rutiner på verksamheterna och brist på stöd från kollegor som utgjorde känslan av ensamhet och osäkerhet. Den känslomässiga påverkan utgjorde ett lidande för sjuksköterskan i arbetet och känslan av otillräcklighet orsakade stress. Sjuksköterskor ansåg att utbildning skulle stärka en trygghet i ansvarsfunktionen vid hantering av situationen. Dock visade resultatet att sjuksköterskans förhållningssätt var betydande i mötet trots en osäkerhet i hur situationen skulle hanteras. Slutsatsen från denna studie var att sjuksköterskor blev känslomässigt berörda av att möta våldsutsatta kvinnor och det påverkade arbetsfunktionen. Det framkom också att det fanns behov av utbildning och rutiner på arbetsplatserna. Kunskap om mäns våld mot kvinnor bör belysas mer i samhället för att medvetandegöra utsatta kvinnor om deras rättigheter. Mäns våld mot kvinnor är ett av världens största folkhälsoproblem och ett hot mot kvinnans rättigheter med ett högt mörkertal. Våldet förekommer i olika former så som fysisk, psykisk- och sexuellt. Kvinnor som lever under våldet kan uppleva att våldet är normalt och en del av vardagen. När kvinnor söker sig till hälso- och sjukvården är det oftast för fysisk- och/eller psykisk ohälsa men som de inte själva alltid förknippar med symtomen till våldet. Vilket gör att våldets konsekvenser kan maskeras bakom psykosomatiska symtom. Sjuksköterskor är oftast den första yrkesprofessionerna kvinnorna möter, detta är då av stor vikt att sjuksköterskor har kompetens för att kunna se tecken, fånga upp och hantera situationen.

This research aims to further explore the linkages between poor WaSH realities and women’s development to understand how the burdens and risks associated with inadequate water resources diminishes both their health and safety. Specifically, a significant goal of this project is to understand the way in which rates of violent attacks increase as access to water decreases. Attempting to capture this violence in all its various forms, this study hosts conversation surrounding the way that a lack of clean, dependable water sources can increase a woman’s chances of experiencing various forms of violence. / Accessing clean water and adequate sanitation poses significant risks to the health and wellbeing of women and girls in East Africa. Without having access to local and dependable sources of water, the prevalence of water-borne diseases, health and safety hazards, and social barriers increase. Grounded in Feminist and Structural Functionalism theories, this research was designed to better understand Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WaSH) realities and the various types of associated burdens and risks. Using focus groups and key informant interviews, 36 health care professionals from various East African countries, such as Uganda, Tanzania, Ghana, and South Sudan, were solicited in an effort to capture the real, lived experiences of practitioners working most intimately with these issues. All data were gathered at Uganda Christian University in Mukono, Uganda, and reflect both the personal and professional accounts of health care professionals living and working throughout communities within these countries. The findings of this study indicate that for as long as poor water and sanitation access and hygiene practices continue to plague the development of women in urban and rural communities, women and pregnant women will continue to suffer from dangerous diseases and brutal attacks of violence. Honing in on the latter concept, this study uncovered a significant link between inadequate water access and rates of domestic violence, sexual assault, and animal attacks. Understanding the health professional perspective is crucial in gathering relevant data. Through this effort, the findings of this study have been informed by those most knowledgeable on the WaSH realities identified and therefore has the ability to influence both policy and programs in realistic and productive ways. With the goal of determining and then diminishing identified risks, the data gathered from this research are meant to be used as evidence to help empower and advance women throughout East Africa. / Thesis / Master of Social Work (MSW)

Актуальность диссертационной работы заключается в необходимости определения стратегий в предотвращении и предупреждении насилия со стороны интимного партнера в отношении женщин. По информации МВД РК, количество преступлений, совершенных в Казахстане в сфере семейно- бытовых отношений, в 2018 году выросло на 103,7%. По данным фонда «ООН-женщины», в Казахстане вследствие домашнего насилия ежегодно погибают около 400 женщин. По сведениям Генеральной прокуратуры РК, в Казахстане возросла статистика насилия над женщинами. В сравнении с 2015 годом преступность в отношении женщин и детей возросла на 90%». / The relevance of the dissertation work lies in the need to identify strategies in the prevention and prevention of intimate partner violence against women. According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the number of crimes committed in Kazakhstan in the sphere of family and domestic relations increased by 103.7% in 2018. According to the UN Women Foundation, about 400 women die each year in Kazakhstan due to domestic violence. According to the General Prosecutor's Office of Kazakhstan, statistics on violence against women have increased in Kazakhstan. Compared to 2015, crime against women and children has increased by 90%.