Self-efficacy har beskrivits som en viktig faktor för hur människor handlar. Tron på den egna förmågan kan hjälpa individen att uppnå specifika mål eller färdigheter i alla möjliga domäner. Denna studie hade som syfte att undersöka om VFU samt kön var relaterade till hur studenterna skattade sin generella och akademiska self-efficacy. I studien deltog 122 studenter från tre olika högskole- och universitetsprogram genom att besvara en enkät, vilken innehöll General self-efficacy scale samt College academic self-efficacy scale. Datan analyserades med två tvåvägs ANOVA för oberoende mätningar. Resultatet visade att studenter utan VFU skattade sin akademiska self-efficacy högre än studenter med VFU och att båda variablerna, det vill säga kön och huruvida man haft VFU eller inte, interagerar med varandra i påverkan på vilken grad av akademisk self-efficacy man har. Intresset för vidare forskning inom ämnet self-efficacy diskuteras där studier inom mer specifika områden såsom självtilltro inför kommande arbetsliv i relation till vilken typ av högskole- och universitetsprogram man går.

Allocating money and resources to improve employees' performance can be costly. The 2008 Industry Report of ASTD (formerly the American Society for Training and Development) showed that U.S. organizations spent $134.39 billion on employee learning and performance. Because learning and development are expensive, time consuming and often disruptive for workflow, training professionals need to show credible and sustainable methods for proving the value of their training programs. This research study examines the effects of employees' perceptions of transfer intentions, General Self-efficacy (GSE) and supervisor support to better identify the conditions for actual transfer. An increased understanding of the conditions of transfer provided a new perspective for a county government agency. Data were collected immediately after training and later in the work environment from 36 subjects who participated in a three-day Employee Leadership Institute (ELI) in December 2007. The study built upon and extended existing data collected in December 2006, March 2007, and September 2007. The data analysis approach consisted of Chi-square computation, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), bivariate correlation and hierarchical regression analysis. SPSS was used to conduct the data analysis. The results suggest that General Self-efficacy (GSE) was the most important influence on transfer intentions up to six months after ELI. Then, transfer intentions was a better predictor than supervisor support and GSE to significantly influence the actual initiation of skills on the job obtained from ELI at six, nine months and one year. Once employees actually attempted to apply skills on the job, transfer intentions was a better predictor at six months for maintaining those skills over time (transfer maintenance); however, transfer initiation was a better predictor at nine months and one year. Due to a small sample size and self-reported data, the study results should be interpreted with some caution. / Ph. D.

O estudo do auto-relato de falhas de memória pode colaborar para o campo de investigação da qualidade de vida e de perda de memória, principalmente entre idosos. Sendo que percepção de auto-eficácia de memória é relacionada à capacidade de memória, questionou-se quais seriam as associações entre autoeficácia geral e o auto-relato de falhas de memória geral, prospectiva e retrospectiva a partir de dois estudos. O primeiro apresenta a tradução, adaptação e validação para o português do Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) (Smith e cols., 2000). A amostra constou de 642 participantes com idade entre 16 e 81 anos (26,62±13,89). Análises fatoriais apontaram que dos 16 itens do PRMQ, somente oito apresentaram validade de construto. Após a adição de dois itens divididos, obteve-se a validade convergente e discriminante em uma amostra de 38 participantes com idade entre 60 e 81 anos (69,03±5,28). O PRMQ-10 é apresentado como válido e fidedigno na sua composição reduzida, com cinco itens para cada uma das escalas: prospectiva e retrospectiva. Para o segundo estudo, foram investigadas as relações entre o autorelato de falhas de memória (prospectiva e retrospectiva), com auto-eficácia geral, idade, escolaridade e sexo. Os participantes foram os mesmos do primeiro estudo. Análises de regressão hierárquica e de covariância revelaram que o auto-relato de falhas de memória prospectiva está mais fortemente associado à auto-eficácia geral. Contrariamente, o auto-relato de falhas de memória retrospectiva apresentou maior associação com escolaridade e idade. São discutidos pontos de reciprocidade entre o auto-relato de falhas de memória e avaliações de desempenho de memória. / Studies concerning self-reported memory failures can contribute to investigations about quality of life field and memory loss, mainly among elders. Once general self-efficacy has been indicated as an intervenient factor in memory tasks, it was aimed to investigate the association between general self-efficacy and self-report of general, prospective and retrospective memory failures. The first study presents the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) (Smith e cols., 2000) translation into Portuguese and psychometric validation. The sample was 642 participants aged between 16 and 81 years old (26,62±13,89). Factorial analysis showed construct validity of eight in 16 items. Two divided items were added to the retrospective factor, and convergent and concurrent validity were established in a sample of 38 participants aged between 60 and 81 years old (69,03±5,28). Thus, the Portuguese version of PRMQ showed validity and confidence with 10 items, five on each scale: prospective and retrospective. In the second study, performed with the same sample, are presented relations among self-reported memory failures (prospective and retrospective), general selfefficacy, age, years of formal education and gender. Analysis of hierarchical regression and covariance revealed a strong association between self-reported prospective memory failures and general self-efficacy. By contrast, the selfreported retrospective memory failures showed a strong association with years of education and age. As a further result, reciprocity between memory complaints and experimental results in memory tasks is discussed.

O estudo do auto-relato de falhas de memória pode colaborar para o campo de investigação da qualidade de vida e de perda de memória, principalmente entre idosos. Sendo que percepção de auto-eficácia de memória é relacionada à capacidade de memória, questionou-se quais seriam as associações entre autoeficácia geral e o auto-relato de falhas de memória geral, prospectiva e retrospectiva a partir de dois estudos. O primeiro apresenta a tradução, adaptação e validação para o português do Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) (Smith e cols., 2000). A amostra constou de 642 participantes com idade entre 16 e 81 anos (26,62±13,89). Análises fatoriais apontaram que dos 16 itens do PRMQ, somente oito apresentaram validade de construto. Após a adição de dois itens divididos, obteve-se a validade convergente e discriminante em uma amostra de 38 participantes com idade entre 60 e 81 anos (69,03±5,28). O PRMQ-10 é apresentado como válido e fidedigno na sua composição reduzida, com cinco itens para cada uma das escalas: prospectiva e retrospectiva. Para o segundo estudo, foram investigadas as relações entre o autorelato de falhas de memória (prospectiva e retrospectiva), com auto-eficácia geral, idade, escolaridade e sexo. Os participantes foram os mesmos do primeiro estudo. Análises de regressão hierárquica e de covariância revelaram que o auto-relato de falhas de memória prospectiva está mais fortemente associado à auto-eficácia geral. Contrariamente, o auto-relato de falhas de memória retrospectiva apresentou maior associação com escolaridade e idade. São discutidos pontos de reciprocidade entre o auto-relato de falhas de memória e avaliações de desempenho de memória. / Studies concerning self-reported memory failures can contribute to investigations about quality of life field and memory loss, mainly among elders. Once general self-efficacy has been indicated as an intervenient factor in memory tasks, it was aimed to investigate the association between general self-efficacy and self-report of general, prospective and retrospective memory failures. The first study presents the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) (Smith e cols., 2000) translation into Portuguese and psychometric validation. The sample was 642 participants aged between 16 and 81 years old (26,62±13,89). Factorial analysis showed construct validity of eight in 16 items. Two divided items were added to the retrospective factor, and convergent and concurrent validity were established in a sample of 38 participants aged between 60 and 81 years old (69,03±5,28). Thus, the Portuguese version of PRMQ showed validity and confidence with 10 items, five on each scale: prospective and retrospective. In the second study, performed with the same sample, are presented relations among self-reported memory failures (prospective and retrospective), general selfefficacy, age, years of formal education and gender. Analysis of hierarchical regression and covariance revealed a strong association between self-reported prospective memory failures and general self-efficacy. By contrast, the selfreported retrospective memory failures showed a strong association with years of education and age. As a further result, reciprocity between memory complaints and experimental results in memory tasks is discussed.

O estudo do auto-relato de falhas de memória pode colaborar para o campo de investigação da qualidade de vida e de perda de memória, principalmente entre idosos. Sendo que percepção de auto-eficácia de memória é relacionada à capacidade de memória, questionou-se quais seriam as associações entre autoeficácia geral e o auto-relato de falhas de memória geral, prospectiva e retrospectiva a partir de dois estudos. O primeiro apresenta a tradução, adaptação e validação para o português do Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) (Smith e cols., 2000). A amostra constou de 642 participantes com idade entre 16 e 81 anos (26,62±13,89). Análises fatoriais apontaram que dos 16 itens do PRMQ, somente oito apresentaram validade de construto. Após a adição de dois itens divididos, obteve-se a validade convergente e discriminante em uma amostra de 38 participantes com idade entre 60 e 81 anos (69,03±5,28). O PRMQ-10 é apresentado como válido e fidedigno na sua composição reduzida, com cinco itens para cada uma das escalas: prospectiva e retrospectiva. Para o segundo estudo, foram investigadas as relações entre o autorelato de falhas de memória (prospectiva e retrospectiva), com auto-eficácia geral, idade, escolaridade e sexo. Os participantes foram os mesmos do primeiro estudo. Análises de regressão hierárquica e de covariância revelaram que o auto-relato de falhas de memória prospectiva está mais fortemente associado à auto-eficácia geral. Contrariamente, o auto-relato de falhas de memória retrospectiva apresentou maior associação com escolaridade e idade. São discutidos pontos de reciprocidade entre o auto-relato de falhas de memória e avaliações de desempenho de memória. / Studies concerning self-reported memory failures can contribute to investigations about quality of life field and memory loss, mainly among elders. Once general self-efficacy has been indicated as an intervenient factor in memory tasks, it was aimed to investigate the association between general self-efficacy and self-report of general, prospective and retrospective memory failures. The first study presents the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) (Smith e cols., 2000) translation into Portuguese and psychometric validation. The sample was 642 participants aged between 16 and 81 years old (26,62±13,89). Factorial analysis showed construct validity of eight in 16 items. Two divided items were added to the retrospective factor, and convergent and concurrent validity were established in a sample of 38 participants aged between 60 and 81 years old (69,03±5,28). Thus, the Portuguese version of PRMQ showed validity and confidence with 10 items, five on each scale: prospective and retrospective. In the second study, performed with the same sample, are presented relations among self-reported memory failures (prospective and retrospective), general selfefficacy, age, years of formal education and gender. Analysis of hierarchical regression and covariance revealed a strong association between self-reported prospective memory failures and general self-efficacy. By contrast, the selfreported retrospective memory failures showed a strong association with years of education and age. As a further result, reciprocity between memory complaints and experimental results in memory tasks is discussed.

This research develops and validates a task-specific parenting self-efficacy measure focussing on the following domains: showing affection and empathy, engaging in play, facilitating routines, establishing discipline strategies, providing appropriate learning and development activities, and promoting communication interaction. Self-efficacy can be described as a person’s belief in his or her ability to successfully complete tasks. Self-efficacy beliefs are among the most consistent predictors of success and performance in many contexts. As a result, self-efficacy has been investigated across a variety of domains. Parenting self-efficacy can be defined as judgement which a parent has regarding his or her ability to successfully complete the tasks related to parenting a child. Increasing parents’ competence in raising and supporting their children throughout life is regarded as one of the cornerstones of adaptive parenting. As improving parenting self-efficacy has been known to have a positive effect on parenting competence it has been incorporated as a component of early childhood intervention programmes in recent years. Numerous self-efficacy instruments are currently being used to measure self-efficacy within the parenting literature. In the development of this particular measure, challenges surrounding the conceptualization and operationalization of parenting self-efficacy have been investigated. The parenting sense of efficacy instrument (P-SEMI) was developed from theoretical frameworks within both parenting and self-efficacy domains. A classification for the definition and development of parenting self-efficacy measures is proposed. The relevant theoretical constructs are operationalized in order to identify their observable indicators (discrete parenting tasks). The main aim of this empirical research is therefore to validate the P-SEMI by establishing the internal consistency reliability, as well as face, content, construct, and differential validity for the measure. The design used is a descriptive survey type design with three phases. Phase 1 established validity in the conceptual domain. The measure was developed and content validity was investigated by a panel of subject matter experts. Phase 2 established validity in the methodological domain. During this phase the measure was administered to two groups of mothers; mothers of children with a disability, and mothers of typically developing children. Seventy-nine mothers participated in this phase of the study. Two additional established measures were used as convergent measures, namely the general self-efficacy scale (which is a global self-efficacy measure) and the parenting sense of competence scale (which is a domain-general measure). Based on the data collected from these participants, content, construct and differential validity was established. Phase 3 established initial validity in the substantive domain. Results indicated that the P-SEMI is a reliable and valid task-specific measure for assessing the level of parenting self-efficacy of mothers of young children. The P-SEMI is moderately correlated to both of the existing self-efficacy measures used as convergent measures. The newly developed task-specific measure was the only measure which was able to differentiate between the levels of parenting self-efficacy. As a result this measure is applicable as a clinical tool to measure parenting self-efficacy, and can be used to conduct further research within the field of parenting self-efficacy. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication / unrestricted

The thesis deals with connections between completion of reduced course and self-efficacy of obese people. The theoretical part deals with definition of obesity, its prevalence and aspects of its treatment. A chapter of the theoretical part focuses on self-efficacy and its connections to obesity and physical activity. The last part is about general self-efficacy. The empirical part describes physical activity of obese respondents, changes in their physical activity self-efficacy and their general self-efficacy after completion of reduced course. The questionnaires about the level of physical activity and physical activity self-efficacy were created by author of the thesis. General self-efficacy was measured by General self-efficacy scale. Data were obtained in the first and last lesson of reduced courses. A paired-samples t-test was conducted to compare changes in both areas of self-efficacy. It has been found that frequency of respondents physical activity was insufficient. The results suggest that connection between completion of reduced course and general self-efficacy exist. On the other hand there was not significant difference between individual's physical self-efficacy before reduced course and after its completion. Keywords: obesity, self-efficacy, physical activity self-efficacy, general...

Administrative assistants (AAs) provide critical office support for modern businesses, yet many do not participate in the continuing education and training (CE&T) required for rapidly changing technologies and new office procedures. The purpose of this non-experimental quantitative correlational study was to investigate whether a significant predictive relationship exists between AAs' general self-efficacy (GSE), locus of control (LOC), and their participation in CE&T activities. The primary research question examined whether a significant predictive relationship existed among these variables, factoring in generation cohort and education level. Bandura's self-efficacy theory and Rotter's LOC theory provided the theoretical foundations. Volunteer AAs (n = 125) from the International Association of Administrative Professionals (IAAP) answered online survey questions from the New General Self-efficacy Scale, the Adult Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External scale, and the Adult Training and Education Survey. Data analysis was descriptive and inferential, included regression and correlational analysis, and revealed no significant relationship between AAs' GSE, LOC, and their participation in CE&T activities even when examining generation cohort and education level variables. Future researchers may conduct a similar study with a larger heterogeneous sample or a descriptive qualitative design that improves the understanding of the AA perspective. Because no significant relationships were identified within this IAAP branch, the findings in this study were unique and contradicted prior comparable research. Positive social change is maintained for those who participate with IAAP by successfully instilling virtues of lifelong learning of the administrative membership.

The aim of this study was to identify the psychological variables that predict the mental health in a sample of 1, 024 students from Lima and Huánuco. For this purpose, the following scales were used: General Self-efficacy, Coping Estimation Inventory (COPE 60), Academic Experiences Questionnaire (QVA-r), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and SF36 questionnaire.Results showed that perceived stress, the avoidant coping, the interpersonal area and study center predict mental health. The mediation analysis revealed that stress mediates the relation between the avoidant coping and the mental health. These findings of this  research may contribute to the development of programs to improve the mental health in college students. / La presente investigación tiene como objetivo identificar las variables psicológicas que predicen la salud mental en una muestra de 1,024 estudiantes universitarios de Lima y Huánuco. Para ello, se aplicaron las siguientes escalas: Autoeficacia General, el Cuestionario de Estimación del Afrontamiento (COPE 60), el Cuestionario de Vivencias Académicas (QVA-r), la Escala de Estrés percibido (PSS) y el cuestionario SF 36. Los resultados indican que el estrés, el estilo de afrontamiento evitativo, el área interpersonal y el centro de estudios predicen la salud mental. El análisis de mediación indica que el estrés media la relación entre el estilo evitativo y la salud mental. Los hallazgos de la presente investigación pueden contribuir con el desarrollo de programas que busquen mejorar la salud mental de los estudiantes universitarios. / A presente investigação tem como objetivo identificar as variáveis psicológicas que preveem a saúde mental em uma amostra de 1.024 estudantes universitários de Lima e Huánuco.Para isso, se aplicaram as seguintes escalas: Auto eficácia Geral, Questionário de Estimativa de Enfrentamento (COPE 60), o Questionário de Vivencias Acadêmicas (QVA-r), a Escala de Estresse Percebido (PSS) e o Questionário SF36. Os resultados indicam que o estresse, o estilo de enfrentamento evitativo, a área interpessoal e o centro de estudos preveem a saúde mental. A análise das medições indicam que o estresse media a relação entre o estilo evitativo e a saúde mental. As descobertas das presente investigação podem contribuir com o desenvolvimento de programas que busquem melhorar a saúde mental dos estudantes universitários.