Despite advances in ground-based Mobile Mapping System (MMS), automatic feature reconstruction seems far from being reached. In this thesis, we focus on 3D roadmark reconstruction from images acquired by road looking cameras of a MMS stereo-rig in dense urban context. A new approach is presented, that uses 3D geometric knowledge of roadmarks and provides a centimetric 3D accuracy with a low level of generalisation. Two classes of roadmarks are studied: zebra-crossing and dashed-lines. The general strategy consists in three main steps. The first step provides 3D linked-edges. Edges are extracted in the left and right images. Then a matching algorithm that is based on dynamic programming optimisation matches the edges between the two images. A sub-pixel matching is computed by post processing and 3D linked-edges are provided by classical photogrammetric triangulation. The second step uses the known specification of roadmarks to perform a signature based filtering of 3D linked-edges. This step provides hypothetical candidates for roadmark objects. The last step can be seen as a validation step that rejects or accepts the candidates. The validated candidates are finely reconstructed. The adopted model consists of a quasi parallelogram for each strip of zebra-crossing or dashed-line. Each strip is constrained to be flat but the roadmark as a whole is not planar. The method is evaluated on a set of 150 stereo-pairs acquired in a real urban area under normal traffic conditions. The results show the validity of the approach in terms of robustness, completeness and geometric accuracy. The method is robust and deals properly with partially occluded roadmarks as well as damaged or eroded ones. The detection rate reaches 90% and the 3D accuracy is about 2-4 cm. Finally an application of reconstructed roadmarks is presented. They are used in georeferencing of the system. Most of the MMSs use direct georeferencing devices such as GPS/INS for their localisation. However in urban areas masks and multi-path errors corrupt the measurements and provide only 50 cm accuracy. In order to improve the localisation quality, we aim at matching ground-based images with calibrated aerial images of the same area. For this purpose roadmarks are used as matching objects. The validity of this method is demonstrated on a zebra-crossing example

A agricultura de precisão tem agregado alto valor para os agricultores por causa das tecnologias que estão ligadas a ela. Sistemas que extraem informações de imagens digitais são extremamente utilizados para que o agricultor tome decisões a fim de aumentar sua produtividade. Uma das técnicas de realizar o monitoramento é a construção de um mosaico de imagens aéreas, onde são utilizadas aeronaves voando em baixa altitude. Esta técnica pode levar dezenas de horas para ser concluída, dependendo da configuração do computador que a executa. Com o intuito de reduzir o tempo nessa construção e tornar possível o embarque a essa aplicação, este trabalho apresenta uma maneira simplificada de construir o mosaico de imagens aéreas baseada na técnica de georreferenciamento direto, no qual utiliza a computação heterogênea para acelerar o desempenho. Essa abordagem é composta por apenas três técnicas que também compõem a abordagem clássica para a construção de mosaicos (warping, extração de características e combinação de características), além de inserir em seus cálculos os dados fornecidos pelos sensores GPS e IMU com a finalidade de direcionar e posicionar cada imagem pertencente ao conjunto que formará o mosaico. A plataforma de computação heterogênea utilizada neste trabalho é a NVIDIA Jetson TK1 escolhida pelo fato de disponibilizar de uma GPU que suporta a linguagem de programação CUDA. Utilizando esta abordagem, a falta de correção da perspectiva do conteúdo (geometria) da imagem gera um resultado inesperado, pois os dados fornecidos pela IMU, ao contrário do que se imagina, apenas servem para corrigir a posição das coordenadas do GPS registradas no momento de captura de cada imagem que compõem o mosaico. O tempo de execução da aplicação desenvolvida é satisfatório tornando possível a adoção desta abordagem. / Accuracy agriculture has added value to farmers thanks to the new technologies that are linked to it. Systems that extract information from digital images are very usefull to help farmers making decisions in order to increase their productivity. One of the techniques to perform this kind of monitoring is the construction of an aerial imagery mosaic where aircrafts flies in low altitude. This technique may take hours to be completed, depending on computer\'s configuration. With the purpose of reducing time in this construction, this thesis presents a simplified way to make aerial imagery mosaic based on direct georeferencing. This approach is composed by three techniques that also make up the classic approach to building mosaics (warping, extraction of characteristics and combination of characteristics), the difference is with this technique here presented is also possible to insert into the calculations the data provided by the GPS and IMU sensors with the purpose of directing and positioning each image to the belonging set to form the mosaic. The heterogeneous computing platform used in this work is the NVIDIA JetsonTK1, this platform was chosen because it offers a GPU that supports the language of CUDA programming. If the images\' geometry errors weren\'t rectfyed, using this approach, an unexpected result happens, because the data provided by IMU, contrary to what is imagined, only serve to correct the position of the GPS coordinates recorded at the moment of capture of each image that composes the mosaic. The developing time in this application is satisfactory making the adoption of this approch favorable.

O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta metodológica para se determinar a pegada hídrica ecotoxicológica (PHE) de produtos em uma perspectiva de ACV, dentro de uma abordagem crítica sobre o método. Cenários são construídos na forma de um estudo piloto de aplicação da metodologia para o etanol hidratado produzido por uma determinada Usina no Brasil e utilizado como combustível em carros a álcool ou carros flex. O trabalho também sugere que a PHE ou WEF (water ecotoxicity footprint ), na forma de um indicador, sirva de parâmetro tanto para o setor produtivo quanto para o mercado consumidor dentro do processo de tomada de decisão . O setor produtivo poderá utilizar o citado indicador dentro de um programa de metas de redução do nível de ecotoxicidade aquática de seu produto enquanto que, para o consumidor final, o conhecimento da PHE na forma de selo informativo servirá de alavanca rumo à evolução sustentável de nossa civilização que usará o seu poder de escolha na hora de adquirir determinado produto. Dentro da perspectiva de ACV, foram estudadas e inseridas formas de avaliação de impacto, no ponto médio, a nível local e regional com o uso de ferramentas de georeferenciamento. Na intenção de facilitar o uso da ACV no Brasil, o estudo estabelece parâmetros que tornam viável a obtenção de um indicador passível de comparação. Políticas Públicas poderão ser formadas com a possibilidade de incentivar a identificação e mitigação da ecotoxicidade aquática ao longo da cadeia de suprimentos do setor produtivo.. / This work presents a methodology to determine water ecotoxicity footprint of products in a perspective of LCA within a critical approach to the method. Scenarios are constructed in the form of a pilot study of application of the methodology for hydrous ethanol produced by a given plant in Brazil and used as fuel in flex cars. The work also suggests that the water ecotoxicity footprint, as an indicator, can be used as a parameter for both: the productive sector as well as for theend consumer within the decision-making process. The productive sector can use the cited indicator in a program targeting for reduction in aquatic ecotoxicity of your product while for the end consumer, knowledge of water ecotoxicity footprint in the form of a informative stamp will leverage towards sustainable development of our civilization that uses the power of choice when purchasing a product. From the perspective of LCA, were studied and included forms of impact assessment, at the midpoint, in local and regional level with the use of geo-referencing tools. With the intention of facilitating the use of LCA in Brazil, this study establishes criteria that make possible the comparison . Public policies can be formed with the possibility of encouraging the identification and mitigation of aquatic ecotoxicity along the supply chain of the productive sector..

A produção de mosaicos fotográficos é uma atividade de apoio bastante importante em diversas áreas tais como a geração de mapas, o monitoramento ambiental e o gerenciamento agrícola. A fotogrametria, e em especial a aerofotogrametria, é a ciência que trata, entre outros tópicos, da geração de mosaicos através de procedimentos trabalhosos, o que torna sua manutenção uma tarefa difícil e de alto custo. O Projeto ARARA (Aeronaves de Reconhecimento Assistidas por Rádio e Autônomas) representa uma alternativa de baixo custo para a aquisição de fotografias aéreas. Câmeras digitais de pequeno formato a bordo das aeronaves permitem a obtenção automática das fotografias necessárias para a geração de mosaicos. Este trabalho propõe uma metodologia para a geração e a atualização de mosaicos compostos por fotografias aéreas oblíquas digitais e de pequeno formato, adquiridas com o auxílio das aeronaves do Projeto ARARA. As fotografias podem ser submetidas a procedimentos que associam técnicas de ortoretificação e processamento digital de imagens para corrigir suas distorções geométricas e radiométricas. A metodologia apresentada neste trabalho procura evitar a necessidade de pontos de controle no solo e focaliza a geração automática ou semi-automática dos mosaicos. Procedimentos automáticos têm o potencial de permitir a utilização de uma grande quantidade de fotografias de pequeno formato em substituição às fotografias normalmente utilizadas pela aerofotogrametria convencional. / The generation of photographic mosaics is an important activity in many areas such as map production, environment monitoring and agricultural management. Photogrammetry, and specially aero-photogrammetry, are the sciences that deal, among other subjects, with mosaic generation using time consuming procedures, making the maintenance and updating of photographic mosaics a difficult and high-cost task. The ARARA Project (Autonomous and Radio Assisted Reconaissance Aircrafts), presents a low cost alternative to acquire aerial photographs. An onboard, small format digital camera can take automatically the photographs used for the mosaic generation. This work proposes a methodology for mosaic generation and updating using oblique, digital, small format aerial photographs taken by ARARA aircraft. Photographs can be corrected both geometrically and radiometrically by orthorectification and digital image processing procedures. The methodology presented in this work avoids the use of ground control points, focusing on the automatic and semi-automatic mosaic generation. An automatic procedure make possible the use of a large number of small format photographs to replace the photographs normally used in conventional aerophotogrammetry.

O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta metodológica para se determinar a pegada hídrica ecotoxicológica (PHE) de produtos em uma perspectiva de ACV, dentro de uma abordagem crítica sobre o método. Cenários são construídos na forma de um estudo piloto de aplicação da metodologia para o etanol hidratado produzido por uma determinada Usina no Brasil e utilizado como combustível em carros a álcool ou carros flex. O trabalho também sugere que a PHE ou WEF (water ecotoxicity footprint ), na forma de um indicador, sirva de parâmetro tanto para o setor produtivo quanto para o mercado consumidor dentro do processo de tomada de decisão . O setor produtivo poderá utilizar o citado indicador dentro de um programa de metas de redução do nível de ecotoxicidade aquática de seu produto enquanto que, para o consumidor final, o conhecimento da PHE na forma de selo informativo servirá de alavanca rumo à evolução sustentável de nossa civilização que usará o seu poder de escolha na hora de adquirir determinado produto. Dentro da perspectiva de ACV, foram estudadas e inseridas formas de avaliação de impacto, no ponto médio, a nível local e regional com o uso de ferramentas de georeferenciamento. Na intenção de facilitar o uso da ACV no Brasil, o estudo estabelece parâmetros que tornam viável a obtenção de um indicador passível de comparação. Políticas Públicas poderão ser formadas com a possibilidade de incentivar a identificação e mitigação da ecotoxicidade aquática ao longo da cadeia de suprimentos do setor produtivo.. / This work presents a methodology to determine water ecotoxicity footprint of products in a perspective of LCA within a critical approach to the method. Scenarios are constructed in the form of a pilot study of application of the methodology for hydrous ethanol produced by a given plant in Brazil and used as fuel in flex cars. The work also suggests that the water ecotoxicity footprint, as an indicator, can be used as a parameter for both: the productive sector as well as for theend consumer within the decision-making process. The productive sector can use the cited indicator in a program targeting for reduction in aquatic ecotoxicity of your product while for the end consumer, knowledge of water ecotoxicity footprint in the form of a informative stamp will leverage towards sustainable development of our civilization that uses the power of choice when purchasing a product. From the perspective of LCA, were studied and included forms of impact assessment, at the midpoint, in local and regional level with the use of geo-referencing tools. With the intention of facilitating the use of LCA in Brazil, this study establishes criteria that make possible the comparison . Public policies can be formed with the possibility of encouraging the identification and mitigation of aquatic ecotoxicity along the supply chain of the productive sector..

本研究以不同時期之航遙測影像偵測宜蘭海岸濱線變遷，影像來源包含1947年之舊航照影像、1971年的美國Corona衛星影像、1985年的像片基本圖、2003年的SPOT-5衛星影像及2009年以Z/I DMC(Digital Mapping Camera)航空數位相機所拍攝之高解像力航照影像。 由於影像獲取的時間與感測器皆有所差異，故本研究透過不同的方式處理資料，將影像地理對位，並利用地理資訊系統(Geographic Information Systems, GIS)軟體數化濱線及沙灘(丘)，且以套疊分析觀察不同時期濱線與沙灘變遷之情形，最後收集宜蘭地區的自然或人文資料如潮汐、降雨量與輸沙量等，分析宜蘭海岸變遷的原因。而在濱線萃取方面，由於以人工數化方式太耗時間與人力，故嘗試以半自動化方式如影像分類或影像分割萃取濱線，並與人工數化結果比較。研究結果顯示，利用多時期之遙測影像，並結合GIS之空間分析功能，確可有效掌握濱線與沙灘(丘)的歷史變化概況。 / This study used multi-temporal remote sensing images to detect shoreline changes along the Yilan coast. Various types of remote sensing images were used in this study, including old aerial images taken in 1947, Corona satellite images acquired in 1971, photo base map produced in 1985, SPOT-5 satellite images obtained in 2003, and high-resolution aerial images taken in 2009 by using Z/I DMC (Digital Mapping Camera). Because these images were taken in different time using different sensors, different procedures were applied to process the data and georeference the images to a common coordinate system. GIS (Geographic information Systems) software was used to digitize shoreline and the beach area, and overlay analysis was applied to find the shoreline changes in different time periods. Then various ancillary data such as tides, precipitation, and sediment load was collected to analyze the causes of coastal changes in Yilan. For shoreline extraction, manual digitization required a lot of time and manpower. Therefore, semi-automatic method such as image classification and image segmentation was applied to extract shoreline. The results show that, by using multi-temporal remote sensing images and spatial analysis functionalities of GIS, the historical changes of shoreline and beach area can be detected effectively.

Ein großes Anwendungsgebiet des Flugzeuglaserscannings ist in Bereichen der Forstwirtschaft und der Forstwissenschaft zu finden. Die Daten dienen flächendeckend zur Ableitung von digitalen Gelände- und Kronenmodellen, aus denen sich die Baumhöhe ableiten lässt. Aufgrund der Aufnahmerichtung aus der Luft lassen sich spezielle bodennahe Baumparameter wie Stammdurchmesser und Kronenansatzhöhe nur durch Modelle schätzen. Der Einsatz terrestrischer Laserscanner bietet auf Grund der hochauflösenden Datenakquisition eine gute Ergänzung zu den Flugzeuglaserscannerdaten. Inventurrelevante Baumparameter wie Brusthöhendurchmesser und Baumhöhe lassen sich ableiten und eine Verdichtung von digitalen Geländemodellen durch die terrestrisch erfassten Daten vornehmen. Aufgrund der dichten, dreidimensionalen Punktwolken ist ein hoher Dokumentationswert gegeben und eine Automatisierung der Ableitung der Geometrieparameter realisierbar. Um den vorhandenen Holzvorrat zu kontrollieren und zu bewirtschaften, werden in periodischen Zeitabständen Forstinventuren auf Stichprobenbasis durchgeführt. Geometrische Baumparameter, wie Baumhöhe, Baumposition und Brusthöhendurchmesser, werden gemessen und dokumentiert. Diese herkömmliche Erfassung ist durch einen hohen Arbeits- und Zeitaufwand gekennzeichnet. Aus diesem Grund wurden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit Algorithmen entwickelt, die eine automatische Ableitung der geometrischen Baumparameter aus terrestrischen Laserscannerpunktwolken ermöglichen. Die Daten haben neben der berührungslosen und lichtunabhängigen Datenaufnahme den Vorteil einer objektiven und schnellen Parameterbestimmung. Letztendlich wurden die Algorithmen in einem Programm zusammengefasst, das neben der Baumdetektion eine Bestimmung der wichtigsten Parameter in einem Schritt realisiert. An Datensätzen von drei verschiedenen Studiengebieten werden die Algorithmen getestet und anhand manuell gewonnener Baumparameter validiert. Aufgrund der natürlich gewachsenen Vegetationsstruktur sind bei Aufnahmen von einem Standpunkt gerade im Kronenraum Abschattungen vorhanden. Durch geeignete Scankonfigurationen können diese Abschattungen minimiert, allerdings nicht vollständig umgangen werden. Zusätzlich ist der Prozess der Registrierung gerade im Wald mit einem zeitlichen Aufwand verbunden. Die größte Schwierigkeit besteht in der effizienten Verteilung der Verknüpfungspunkte bei dichter Bodenvegetation. Deshalb wird ein Ansatz vorgestellt, der eine Registrierung über die berechneten Mittelpunkte der Brusthöhendurchmesser durchführt. Diese Methode verzichtet auf künstliche Verknüpfungspunkte und setzt Mittelpunkte von identischen Stammabschnitten in beiden Datensätzen voraus. Dennoch ist die größte Unsicherheit in der Z-Komponente der Translation zu finden. Eine Methode unter Verwendung der Lage der Baumachsen sowie mit einem identischen Verknüpfungspunkt führt zu besseren Ergebnissen, da die Datensätze an dem homologen Punkt fixiert werden. Anhand eines Studiengebietes werden die Methoden mit den herkömmlichen Registrierungsverfahren über homologe Punkte verglichen und analysiert. Eine Georeferenzierung von terrestrischen Laserscannerpunktwolken von Waldbeständen ist aufgrund der Signalabschattung der Satellitenpositionierungssysteme nur bedingt und mit geringer Genauigkeit möglich. Deshalb wurde ein Ansatz entwickelt, um Flugzeuglaserscannerdaten mit terrestrischen Punktwolken allein über die Kenntnis der Baumposition und des vorliegenden digitalen Geländemodells zu verknüpfen und zusätzlich das Problem der Georeferenzierung zu lösen. Dass ein terrestrischer Laserscanner nicht nur für Forstinventuren gewinnbringend eingesetzt werden kann, wird anhand von drei verschiedenen Beispielen beleuchtet. Neben der Ableitung von statischen Verformungsstrukturen an Einzelbäumen werden beispielsweise auch die Daten zur Bestimmung von Vegetationsmodellen auf Basis von Gitterstrukturen (Voxel) zur Simulation von turbulenten Strömungen in und über Waldbeständen eingesetzt. Das aus Laserscannerdaten abgeleitete Höhenbild einer Rinde führt unter Verwendung von Bildverarbeitungsmethoden (Texturanalyse) zur Klassifizierung der Baumart. Mit dem terrestrischen Laserscanning ist ein interessantes Werkzeug für den Einsatz im Forst gegeben. Bestehende Konzepte der Forstinventur können erweiterte werden und es eröffnen sich neue Felder in forstwirtschaftlichen und forstwissenschaftlichen Anwendungen, wie beispielsweise die Nutzung eines Scanners auf einem Harvester während des Erntevorganges. Mit der stetigen Weiterentwicklung der Laserscannertechnik hinsichtlich Gewicht, Reichweite und Geschwindigkeit wird der Einsatz im Forst immer attraktiver. / An important application field of airborne laser scanning is forestry and the science of forestry. The captured data serve as an area-wide determination of digital terrain and canopy models, with a derived tree height. Due to the nadir recording direction, near-ground tree parameters, such as diameter at breast height (dbh) and crown base height, are predicted using forest models. High resolution terrestrial laser scanner data complements the airborne laser scanner data. Forest inventory parameters, such as dbh and tree height can be derived directly and digital terrain models are created. As a result of the dense three dimensional point clouds captured, a high level of detail exists, and a high degree of automation of the determination of the parameters is possible. To control and manage the existing stock of wood, forest inventories are carried out at periodic time intervals, on the base of sample plots. Geometric tree parameters, such as tree height, tree position and dbh are measured and documented. This conventional data acquisition is characterised by a large amount of work and time. Because of this, algorithms are developed to automatically determine geometric tree parameters from terrestrial laser scanner point clouds. The data acquisition enables an objective and fast determination of parameters, remotely, and independent of light conditions. Finally the majority of the algorithms are combined into a single program, allowing tree detection and the determination of relevant parameters in one step. Three different sample plots are used to test the algorithms. Manually measured tree parameters are also used to validate the algorithms. The natural vegetation structure causes occlusions inside the crown when scanning from one position. These scan shadows can be minimized, though not completely avoided, via an appropriate scan configuration. Additional the registration process in forest scenes is time-consuming. The largest problem is to find a suitable distribution of tie points when dense ground vegetation exists. Therefore an approach is introduced that allows data registration with the determined centre points of the dbh. The method removes the need for artificial tie points. However, the centre points of identical stem sections in both datasets are assumed. Nevertheless the biggest uncertainness is found in the Z co-ordinate of the translation. A method using the tree axes and one homologous tie point, which fixes the datasets, shows better results. The methods are compared and analysed with the traditional registration process with tie points, using a single study area. Georeferencing of terrestrial laser scanner data in forest stands is problematic, due to signal shadowing of global navigation satellite systems. Thus an approach was developed to register airborne and terrestrial laser scanner data, taking the tree positions and the available digital terrain model. With the help of three examples the benefits of applying laser scanning to forest applications is shown. Besides the derivation of static deformation structures of single trees, the data is used to determine vegetation models on the basis of a grid structure (voxel space) for simulation of turbulent flows in and over forest stands. In addition, the derived height image of tree bark using image processing methods (texture analysis) can be used to classify the tree species. Terrestrial laser scanning is a valuable tool for forest applications. Existing inventory concepts can be enlarged, and new fields in forestry and the science of forestry are established, e. g. the application of scanners on a harvester. Terrestrial laser scanners are becoming increasingly important for forestry applications, caused by continuous technological enhancements that reduce the weight, whilst increasing the range and the data rate.

In addition to the obligations included in the City Ordinance Law nº 10.257 (10/07/2001), globalization more and more requires that municipal districts have a deep knowledge of their territory. Thus, it is necessary that they keep a continual planning procedure and permanent assessing of reality. This study analysed the components of the Santa Maria/RS urban real state register through 1998 existing prior to the cadastral checking, which is a referece point for the Cadaster Section of the City Finance Bureau Planning and follow-up of the city development cannot be dependent ou ideal solutions in order to accommodate sustainability. This study indicates that this is feasible and forwards a methodology so that small and medium size municipalities can produce their georeferenced digital records from a pre-existing analogical map and can thus provide their administrative organs with the necessary geoinformation. The more informatised are the town halls and able to manipulate georeferenced data, the easier to introduce a Geographic Information System GIS, thus making it possible to increase the quality, precision, reliability and accessibility of information. / Optou-se em analisar, neste trabalho, os componentes do cadastro urbano do município de Santa Maria/RS registrados até o ano de 1998, por estes serem anteriores à conferência cadastral, marco de referência do Setor de Cadastro da Secretaria do Município de Finanças. O planejamento e o acompanhamento da evolução da cidade não podem estar sempre à espera de uma solução ideal, principalmente se esta é inviável economicamente. Muitas vezes, temos que trabalhar com soluções intermediárias para almejar a sustentabilidade. Este trabalho demonstra que isto é possível, apresentando uma metodologia de como os municípios de pequeno e médio porte podem confeccionar sua base digital georreferenciada, a partir de um mapa analógico existente, atendendo à demanda de geoinformações necessárias para uma administração. Quanto mais as prefeituras se informatizarem e manipularem dados georreferenciados, mais fácil será a implantação de um Sistema de Informações Geográficas SIG, conquistando um avanço na qualidade, precisão, confiabilidade e acessibilidade das informações.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:07:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MELARE_Angelina_2014.pdf: 7214965 bytes, checksum: 0a549fed6693f7ace615043919463fb0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-15 / The population growth combined with the industrial development and the increasing consumption caused several problems related to the solid waste management such as inadequate disposal. Due to global pressures and new polices such as the Solid Waste National Policy, managers need to find solutions to reduce, reuse and recycle waste. The Information and Communication Technologies and the Geographic Information Systems are worldwide used in solutions for waste management. Some of these proposals show that the appropriate disposal increases due to the proximity between the population and the disposal points. This thesis presents a computational tool, called AcheSeuEcoponto, which seeks to assist the population to properly allocate their solid residues. This tool was developed using Geo and Web technologies in a fourth-module architecture. The tool offers to citizens querying the nearest disposal point and disposal points by type of residue . Also, AcheseuEcoponto provides map visualization of the disposal points and directions from a starting point to a disposal point. The social network module allows us to disseminate the tool and as a consequence the disposal points. In addition, the tool provides to managers strategic reports related to poor areas of disposal points, the most popular points and the public profile. As part of this work, we answered questions that measure the scope of the tool, the influence of Web technologies on the dissemination of tool, and the public profile including their knowledge about disposal points. For this purpose, data were collected and analyzed using a questionnaire filled out via the tool, and a Web analytics service. Some results were expected, but the percentage of people who showed lack of knowledge of disposal points was beyond expectation, highlighting the importance of researches within the context of solid waste management. / O crescimento populacional aliado ao desenvolvimento industrial e ao aumento do consumo gerou diversos problemas relacionados à gestão dos resíduos sólidos, como o da destinação inadequada. Devido às pressões mundiais e as novas políticas públicas, como da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, os gestores precisam encontrar soluções objetivando a redução, reutilização e reciclagem dos resíduos. As Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação e os Sistemas de Informação Geográfica são mundialmente empregadas em soluções para os problemas de gestão de resíduos. Algumas dessas propostas mostram que a destinação adequada pode aumentar com a proximidade dos pontos de descarte com o munícipe. Nessa dissertação de mestrado é apresentada a ferramenta computacional AcheSeuEcoponto, que procura auxiliar a população a destinar corretamente seus resíduos sólidos. Essa ferramenta foi desenvolvida com o emprego das geotecnologias e das tecnologias Web em uma arquitetura de quatro módulos. A ferramenta permite a população realizar consultas para encontrar os ecopontos mais próximos ao local de origem e encontrar o ecoponto adequado para o tipo de resíduo que deseja descartar. O AcheseuEcoponto, também, permite a visualização geoespacial dos ecopontos e do trajeto até o ecoponto desejado. O módulo de redes sociais permite a difusão da ferramenta e, portanto, dos pontos de descarte. A ferramenta ainda permite aos gestores obter relatórios estratégicos das áreas carentes de ecopontos, dos ecopontos mais pesquisados e relatório do perfil do público que acessa a ferramenta. Como parte deste trabalho, foram respondidas questões para mensurar o alcance da ferramenta, a influência das tecnologias Web na difusão da ferramenta, e o perfil do público que utiliza a ferramenta, incluindo seu conhecimento sobre os pontos de descarte. Para isto, foram coletados e analisados dados de duas formas, por meio de um questionário preenchido via ferramenta e pelo uso de um serviço de análise de domínios Web. Alguns resultados apresentados já eram esperados, mas o percentual de pessoas que mostraram desconhecimento dos pontos de descarte foi além da expectativa, destacando a importância de pesquisas dentro desse contexto de Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos.

Imaging in 3D is today very modern trend map outputs no excepting. Inside of following work is prooved range of possibilities of programme ArcScene that the serves above all to generating 3D models. These models are create on the basis adjustment map basis, imperial prints stationary land register and historical ortofoto. These adjustment including procedure are described at methodical part. On the basis of 3D models is effected analysis of land cover and settlement. Thesis paies of municipal territory Nové Hutě that the fall in Šumava microregion Vimpersko.