Lors de la prospection de bactéries d’intérêt dans le milieu marin, nous avons isolé des colonies aux couleurs brillantes sous illumination directe, ressemblant à l’iridescence de certains papillons. L’iridescence est une couleur physique induite par des structures nanoscopiques périodiques. Ce phénomène est peu détaillé chez les procaryotes. Dans cette thèse nous avons souhaité caractériser le phénomène par des analyses physico-optiques,microbiologiques et écologiques. La souche fut identifiée comme appartenant à l’espèce Cellulophaga lytica.Les premières étapes ont permis d’illustrer le phénomène et de prouver une coloration structurale des colonies par microspectrophotométrie. Une comparaison de diverses souches a démontré l’iridescence singulière de C. lytica,dénommée iridescence « glitter-like ». Nous avons ainsi proposé la première classification des iridescences bactériennes. Certaines souches du même phylum Bacteroidetes exprimaient le phénomène. Un lien entre cette iridescence et la motilité « gliding » fut mis en évidence. De façon intéressante, l’iridescence était conservée en conditions mimant le biotope C. lytica. De plus, diverses souches marines iridescentes ont pu être ré-isolées. Elles étaient particulièrement abondantes sur les macro algues (rouges, brunes), mollusques, cnidaires et dans l’eau de mer. Nous supposons alors que ce phénomène pourrait avoir des rôles bio-écologiques. Grâce à la microscopie électronique à transmission et une modélisation, nous avons pour la première fois élucidé des structures reponsables d’une iridescence bactérienne : une organisation populationnelle de cellules alignées équidistantes.Les bases fondamentales et méthodologiques de l’iridescence bactérienne sont données dans cette thèse. Les applications correspondraient aux domaines des nanotechnologies et de la biomimétique. / During collections in the marine environment, colony with bright coloration under direct illumination was isolated. Colors were similar to butterly iridescence. Iridescence is a property of structural color where periodic nanoscopic structures are responsible of intense coloration. Bacterial iridescence is poorly described in the literature. In this work, we aimed to characterize the phenomenon by physico-optical, microbiological and ecological analysis. The marine bacterium was identified as Cellulophaga lytica.In the first experiment we illustrated and proved the physical color by micro spectrophotometry. Comparison with diverse bacteria permitted to demonstrate the uniqueness of C. lytica iridescence, named “glitter-like”. We proposed the first classification of iridescences within the prokaryotes. Others Bacteroidetes strains showed “glitterlike”iridescence effects. A link between iridescence and gliding motility was additionally identified. A biotic factors demonstrated conservation of the phenomenon under conditions that mimic C. lytica stressing biotope. Moreover,other iridescent marine strains were isolated. They were particularly associated to macroalgae (red, brown),mollusks, cnidarians and seawater. Biological and ecological functions of iridescence are then supposed. By using transmission electron microscopy and modeling, structures responsible for iridescence in the colony were first identified: alligned and equidistant cells at a population level.Bacterial iridescence’s fundamental and technical skills are described in this thesis. Applications could lead to biomimetic and nanotechnology of iridescent structures.

No description available.

Lors de la prospection de bactéries d'intérêt dans le milieu marin, nous avons isolé des colonies aux couleurs brillantes sous illumination directe, ressemblant à l'iridescence de certains papillons. L'iridescence est une couleur physique induite par des structures nanoscopiques périodiques. Ce phénomène est peu détaillé chez les procaryotes. Dans cette thèse nous avons souhaité caractériser le phénomène par des analyses physico-optiques,microbiologiques et écologiques. La souche fut identifiée comme appartenant à l'espèce Cellulophaga lytica.Les premières étapes ont permis d'illustrer le phénomène et de prouver une coloration structurale des colonies par microspectrophotométrie. Une comparaison de diverses souches a démontré l'iridescence singulière de C. lytica,dénommée iridescence " glitter-like ". Nous avons ainsi proposé la première classification des iridescences bactériennes. Certaines souches du même phylum Bacteroidetes exprimaient le phénomène. Un lien entre cette iridescence et la motilité " gliding " fut mis en évidence. De façon intéressante, l'iridescence était conservée en conditions mimant le biotope C. lytica. De plus, diverses souches marines iridescentes ont pu être ré-isolées. Elles étaient particulièrement abondantes sur les macro algues (rouges, brunes), mollusques, cnidaires et dans l'eau de mer. Nous supposons alors que ce phénomène pourrait avoir des rôles bio-écologiques. Grâce à la microscopie électronique à transmission et une modélisation, nous avons pour la première fois élucidé des structures reponsables d'une iridescence bactérienne : une organisation populationnelle de cellules alignées équidistantes.Les bases fondamentales et méthodologiques de l'iridescence bactérienne sont données dans cette thèse. Les applications correspondraient aux domaines des nanotechnologies et de la biomimétique.

Lors de la prospection de bactéries d'intérêt dans le milieu marin, nous avons isolé des colonies aux couleurs brillantes sous illumination directe, ressemblant à l'iridescence de certains papillons. L'iridescence est une couleur physique induite par des structures nanoscopiques périodiques. Ce phénomène est peu détaillé chez les procaryotes. Dans cette thèse nous avons souhaité caractériser le phénomène par des analyses physico-optiques,microbiologiques et écologiques. La souche fut identifiée comme appartenant à l'espèce Cellulophaga lytica.Les premières étapes ont permis d'illustrer le phénomène et de prouver une coloration structurale des colonies par microspectrophotométrie. Une comparaison de diverses souches a démontré l'iridescence singulière de C. lytica,dénommée iridescence " glitter-like ". Nous avons ainsi proposé la première classification des iridescences bactériennes. Certaines souches du même phylum Bacteroidetes exprimaient le phénomène. Un lien entre cette iridescence et la motilité " gliding " fut mis en évidence. De façon intéressante, l'iridescence était conservée en conditions mimant le biotope C. lytica. De plus, diverses souches marines iridescentes ont pu être ré-isolées. Elles étaient particulièrement abondantes sur les macro algues (rouges, brunes), mollusques, cnidaires et dans l'eau de mer. Nous supposons alors que ce phénomène pourrait avoir des rôles bio-écologiques. Grâce à la microscopie électronique à transmission et une modélisation, nous avons pour la première fois élucidé des structures reponsables d'une iridescence bactérienne : une organisation populationnelle de cellules alignées équidistantes.Les bases fondamentales et méthodologiques de l'iridescence bactérienne sont données dans cette thèse. Les applications correspondraient aux domaines des nanotechnologies et de la biomimétique.

Plastics are known to cause plenty of problems for the environment such as sewerage water,birds, marine life and even human health issues. Normally the cause for such small particles tobe such a huge problem lies in the adversity of collecting it after the use phase. Other occurringproblems are health related, where such small-sizes particles are getting in the eyes or eveninhaled by the workers handling the material. An example of such material is glitter. Tarkett AB is a Swedish company located in Ronneby, Sweden, and deals withmanufacturing of flooring mats created with homogeneous blends of different plastic materialsresulting in interesting designs for customers. One of their products uses glitter flakes in themix and causes the company a few problems, the biggest of which is the glitter getting stuckinside the blender thus risking the glitter particles getting into the next blend that isn’t supposedto have any glitter flakes in it. The company’s current solution is mixing waste material in theblender to clean the blender from most of the stuck glitter. The purpose of this work is to investigate why the glitter flakes stick to surfaces in generalthus getting an idea of why it could be sticking inside the blender. This knowledge is later usedto ideate different solutions for the company and select one winning concept that will beprototyped and possibly tested through conduction of experiments. There are a few reasons asto why this problem is worthwhile solving, firstly and most importantly is the operator’s healthwhere the glitter that is being used can be inhaled by the operators thus leading to potentialhealth problems. Secondly the company will save time by not needing to clean around andinside the blending machines to get them ready for the next mix. Thirdly, solving this problemwill lead to environmental sustainability where no energy or water will be used during thecleaning process both around and inside the blending machine. Method used to achieve this will be the design thinking process with plenty of differenttools. Starting off by understanding the problem further through need finding and tech watchingto investigate the problem further and the current available solutions for it. A literature reviewwill be done on the material to get a better idea of the root causes for the problem. Ideageneration will be a big part based on previous tools used to generate many different ideas tolater be filtered using concept selection methods. Through this a concept will be developedwhich can potentially lead to a prototype that’ll be tested at the company. The main finding from this thesis is a concept derived from biomimicry which is atransparent slime and oil mixture to prevent glitter spread during the handling stage at theproduction line. Both variants prevent glitter particles from spreading, which results inminimized glitter spread thus minimizing the cleaning requirements. Experiments show that theoil-glitter variant had a positive effect of improved distribution of glitter flakes in the finalproduct. The experiments were discussed with a design expert at Tarkett to evaluate the twopresented variations and assess the final product.

No description available.

Remote sensing is a powerful tool for studying the marine environment; however, many images are contaminated by sun glint, the specular reflection of light from the water surface. Improved radiative transfer modelling could lead to better methods for estimating and correcting sunglint. This thesis explores the effect of using detailed numerical models of the sea surface when investigating the transfer of light through the atmosphere-ocean system. New numerical realisations that model both the shape and slope of the sea surface have been created; these contrast with existing radiative transfer models, where the air-water interface has slope but not elevation. Surface realisations including features on a scale from 3 mm to 200 m were created by a Fourier synthesis method, using up to date spectra of the wind-blown sea surface. The surfaces had mean square slopes and elevation variances in line with those of observed seas, for wind speeds up to 15 m/s. Ray-tracing using the new surfaces gave estimates of reflected radiance that were similar to those made using slope statistics methods, but significantly different in 41% of cases tested. The mean difference in the reflected radiance at these points was 19%, median 7%. Elevation-based surfaces give increased sideways scattering and reduced forward scattering of light incident on the sea surface. The elevation-based models have been applied to estimate pixel-pixel variation in ocean colour imagery and to simulate scenes viewed by three types of sensor. The simulations correctly estimated the size and position of the glint zone. Simulations of two ocean colour images gave a lower peak reflectance than the original values, but higher reflectance at the edge of the glint zone. The use of the simulation to test glint correction methods has been demonstrated, as have global Monte Carlo techniques for investigating sensitivity and uncertainty in sun glint correction. This work has shown that elevation-based sea surface models can be created and tested using readily-available computer hardware. The new model can be used to simulate glint in a variety of situations, giving a tool for testing glint correction methods. It could also be used for glint correction directly, by predicting the level of sun glint in a given set of conditions.

Kvarnen står i ett hus som brinner.Den lila gudinnan är också där, hon blir till aska. Allt var i det där huset och när jag skriver allt så menar jag det. Egentligen är essän det enda som klarade sig. Den låg i ett mail. Vad gör en häxa utan sin dolk, sitt ljus? Hon ger sig inte, hon blir starkare, hon får blodad tand.Jag måste använda häxkrafterna nu, mina naglar är längre än någonsin.Jag hinner inte samla längre, jag minns vad jag la i kvarnen så jag kan inte göra annat än mala nu. Simon säger att jag är Fucking Phoenix! / Jag fick börja om på min masterutställning efter branden i grafikhuset på Skeppsholmen där jag hade min ateljé. Jag tänkte mycket på förvandling, att vara en fågel Fenix, att göra sig starkare med hjälp av saker en älskar. Det blev temat för utställningen och essän.

The ideas within this thesis are meant to clarify my explorations, research and painting practice during my studies at Virginia Commonwealth University. I expand on my general statements about being fascinated by advancing technologies and concerned about the after effects of these advancements. The writing explores my curiosity about the internal, skeletal structure of things and how they operate. I explain how the paintings are idiosyncratic hybrids that evoke animation, imaginary scientific propositions, blueprints, maps, and advancing technologies. The work combines these interests with my observations of day-to-day experiences. Isolated events provide found compositions which I then manipulate: a seemingly mundane bike ride gets mapped into a well–ordered schematic of social interaction.

The purpose of this thesis is to raise awareness about the contribution historic signs make to the experience of a place. Illuminated signage has played a key role in the development of the American landscape. The relationship between illuminated signage and sense of place is complex. Because of the ephemeral nature of signs and the public perception of them as advertising tools, the preservation community frequently overlooks signs. By examining three case studies, this thesis presents three different approaches to the preservation of illuminated signage. The first case study is the 2002 New Mexico Route 66 Neon Sign Restoration Project. This case uses Route 66 to examine the preservation of original material in original location. The second case study is the 2002 Amendment to the New York City Zoning Regulations, which mandates signage saturation in Times Square. This case examines the preservation of the experience of Times Square by protecting the historical use of innovative signage. The third case study is the 1996 installation of restored illuminated signs by the Neon Museum in Las Vegas at the Fremont Street Experience. This case examines the collections approach to preserving original Las Vegas illuminated signs in an outdoor museum setting as public works of art. While these three case studies evaluate iconic locations, the lessons are broadly applicable. The preservation approaches outlined here illustrate that every situation is unique and requires a full analysis of the context of the sign. Preservationists should evaluate signage within their local communities by examining the artistry and materiality of the signs. However, it is equally important to evaluate the overall community context of the signs. In order to preserve the experience of historic illuminated signage, it is imperative that preservationists and the general public understand that there are numerous approaches to safeguarding these works and that the time to take action is now. / text