The main aim of this Master's thesis is to briefly describe the causes of the global economic crisis (including the ways it spread to the automotive industry) and to analyze its impacts in each center (USA, Europe and Asia) focusing on the USA, because it was just the cradle of the automotive industry, which suffered the greatest damages. This thesis also tries to provide the answers to the questions, to which extent each car maker had to deal with the problems (including the short description of the impacts on the largest Czech car maker) and how they managed to handle the crisis also partially thanks to the government measures of different countries or the EU as the whole. The Master's thesis further includes the final chapter summarizing and comparing the impacts on each center of the automotive industry with pointing out the most important facts regarding not only the performed changes, but also the probable future development.

The thesis Italy: economy and regional differentiation deals in the first place with the current problem of the state of Italian economy influenced by the global economic crisis and secondly it looks at the underdevelopment of South Italian regions. In connection with the economic crisis the thesis describes measures adopted by the Italian government in order to reduce negative effects of the crisis on the economy and employment. These measures, especially the fiscal stimulus, belonged to the lowest in Europe also by reason of the huge general government gross debt. The second part of the thesis looks at the problem of the regional differentiation among the regions of the North and the South of Italy. South Italian regions suffer from underdevelopment, high rate of unemployment and low rate of employment and these problems haven't been successfully solved even after many years of their existence. The unfavourable situation in South Italian regions has moreover been worsened by the unstable political situation, corruption and activities of the organised crime. These obstacles are widely spread in Italy also according to the research of the World Economic Forum. It was supposed that the underdevelopment of South Italian regions would reduce as a result of the implementation of European Structural funds. The main part of the financial resources assigned to Italy goes to the South and so it was expected that the influence in southern regions would prove to be remarkable. Unfortunately, even after expiration of three programming periods just a little positive impact on the alleviation of regional disparities in Italy was proved. The quality of implementation especially in the South is affected by irregularities and frauds and the executed projects are often ineffective. This thesis comes to the conclusion that just a minimal convergence takes place among italian regions and the EU Structural funds failed to meet their main objective in Italy.

This thesis makes the task of clearly from many angles to describe and analyze the corporate reorganization in Kordárna, Inc. An important part of this plan is certainly describe "new" Insolvency law, the commercial law marks a significant step towards convergence to the West business law. Kordárna , Inc. the company came to the existential problems in the beginning of the year 2009 that lenders with a new crisis management handled the reorganization of the company. It was one of the first applications of the new reorganization law in that scope, which introduced this kind of solution. The emphasis of my work is primarily placed on the causes of problems and that the company pursued a number of different methods, which have to give a comprehensive view of the causes of various angles. My work also deals with the reorganization itself. An important passage is the comparison of solutions of bankruptcy and corporate reorganization, which is why the work has the support of the new insolvency law.

Magistrantūros studijų baigiamasis darbas, 58 puslapiai, 10 paveikslų, 7 lentelės, 64 literatūros šaltiniai, 5 priedai. PRASMINIAI ŽODŽIAI: globalinė ekonominė krizė, žemės ūkis, perdavimo kanalai, globalizacija, rinka. Tyrimo objektas – Lietuvos žemės ūkis globalinės ekonominės 2008-2009 metų krizės sąlygomis. Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti globalinės ekonominės 2008-2009 metų krizės poveikį Lietuvos žemės ūkiui. Uždaviniai: 1) atskleisti ekonominio ciklo koncepciją šiuolaikinių ekonominių teorijų kontekste; 2) išanalizavus globalinės ekonominės 2008-2009 metų krizės priežastis, identifikuoti šios krizės perdavimo kitų šalių ekonomikoms kanalus; 3) pateikti požiūrių į globalinės ekonominės 2008-2009 metų krizės poveikį žemės ūkiui analizę ir identifikuoti rodiklius, padėsiančius įvertinti jos poveikį žemės ūkiui; 4) remiantis identifikuotais rodikliais atlikti globalinės ekonominės 2008-2009 metų krizės poveikio Lietuvos žemės ūkiui statistinę analizę. Tyrimo metodai. Mokslinėje literatūroje pateikiamų teiginių ir rodiklių sisteminimas bei lyginamoji analizė, užsienio autorių tyrimų rezultatų apibendrinimas, ekonominių – statistinių duomenų rinkimas ir analizė. Statistinei informacijai apdoroti ir sisteminti panaudoti grupavimo, palyginimo ir grafinio vaizdavimo būdai. Statistiniam vertinimui atlikti naudojamas programos paketas „STATISTICA“. Analizuojamai medžiagai apibendrinti, darbo išvadoms suformuluoti naudoti loginis ir apibendrinimo metodai. Tyrimo rezultatai. Pirmojoje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Final work of Undegradeduate Studies, 58 pages, 10 figures, 7 tables, 64 References, 5 appendices, in Lithuanian. KEY words: global economic crisis, agricultural sector, transmission channels, globalization, market. Research object – agriculture in Lithuania in the conditions of global economic crisis in 2008-2009. Research aim – to evaluate the effects of global economic crisis in 2008-2009 on the Lithuanian agriculture. Objectives: 1) to demonstrate the concept of economic cycle in the context of modern economic theories; 2) to analyse the reasons of global economic crisis in 2008-2009, to identify the transmission channels of this crisis to the economies of other countries; 3) to analyse the approaches to the impact of global economic crisis in 2008-2009 on agriculture, to identify indicators that help to evaluate its effects on agriculture; 4) to perform the statistical analysis of the impact of the global economic crisis of 2008-2009 on the Lithuanian agriculture. Research methods. Systematization, comparative analysis, analysis of scientific literature, data collection and analysis, clustering, graphical visualization, STATISTICA software package. Research results. The first part describes the concept of economic cycle in terms of modern economic theories and identifies the transmission channels of the global economic crisis of 2008-2009 to the economies of other countries. The second part of the work, after carrying out the analysis of approaches to the impact of... [to full text]

The paper is divided into 3 main parts. The first is dedicated to the general theoretical knowledge related to FDI while the second part takes a closer look at the main determinants of the FDI flows. The third part presents the effects of the crisis on FDI flow and the last part concentrates on the transition economies.

Nos últimos anos, sobretudo na esteira do acirramento do belicismo norte-americano e da subseqüente crise econômica mundial, veio à tona um conjunto de temas que tradicionalmente constituíram objetos da análise marxista, e sobre os quais diversos membros desta tradição continuam a se debruçar. Nesse contexto, e a despeito do pouco espaço de circulação de suas teses, torna-se oportuno, por um lado, analisá-las com respeito ao abrangente quadro a que visam, qual seja, o da apreensão conceitual da hodierna fase de desenvolvimento capitalista; e, por outro, confrontar esse aparato teórico com um fenômeno empírico como o da última crise econômica mundial, cujos efeitos ainda se fazem sentir, e cujos desdobramentos são dignos de interesse. Grosso modo, tendo como objetivo último fornecer uma contribuição ao debate marxista acerca da atual dinâmica da acumulação de capital e de suas principais tendências, buscamos, em primeiro lugar, perscrutar sua emergência à luz da fase do desenvolvimento capitalista que lhe precedeu, e fixar alguns elementos mais salientes de seu processo histórico de consolidação, bem como da configuração geral que veio a assumir. Na sequência, procuramos sintetizar e considerar criticamente determinados esforços marxistas de conceituação dessa nova fase, os quais organizamos por meio de noções-chave a saber, de pós-modernidade e pós-modernismo; de globalização; de neoliberalismo; de financeirização; de hegemonia e de imperialismo. Por fim, valendo-nos desse conjunto de fatores, concentramos nossa atenção sobre o evolver e o significado da mais recente crise econômica mundial. / In recent years, especially in the wake of the intensification of north american bellicosity and the subsequent global economic crisis, came to the surface a set of topics that have traditionally constituted objects of Marxist analysis, and on which several members of this tradition continue to address. In this context, and in despite of the limited room for the circulation of their thesis, it becomes appropriate, on the one hand, to analyze them with respect to the comprehensive framework they aimed at, namely, the conceptual apprehension of the coeval stage of capitalist development; and, on the other hand, to confront this theoretical apparatus with an empirical phenomenon as that of the last global economic crisis, whose effects are still being felt, and whose unfoldings are worthy of interest. Roughly speaking, with the ultimate goal of providing a contribution to the Marxist debate concerning the present dynamics of the capital accumulation and its main trends, in the first place we have looked for peering its emergence in the light of the stage of capitalist development that preceded it, and fix some salient elements of its historical process of consolidation, as well as the general configuration that it came to assume. After that, we have sought to summarize and to critically consider certain Marxists efforts of conceptualizing this new phase, which we organized throught \"key-notions\" - namely, post-modernity and postmodernism; globalization; neoliberalism; financialization; hegemony and imperialism. Finally, based on this set of factors, we have concentrated our attention on the development and the significance of the latest global economic crisis.

Nos últimos anos, sobretudo na esteira do acirramento do belicismo norte-americano e da subseqüente crise econômica mundial, veio à tona um conjunto de temas que tradicionalmente constituíram objetos da análise marxista, e sobre os quais diversos membros desta tradição continuam a se debruçar. Nesse contexto, e a despeito do pouco espaço de circulação de suas teses, torna-se oportuno, por um lado, analisá-las com respeito ao abrangente quadro a que visam, qual seja, o da apreensão conceitual da hodierna fase de desenvolvimento capitalista; e, por outro, confrontar esse aparato teórico com um fenômeno empírico como o da última crise econômica mundial, cujos efeitos ainda se fazem sentir, e cujos desdobramentos são dignos de interesse. Grosso modo, tendo como objetivo último fornecer uma contribuição ao debate marxista acerca da atual dinâmica da acumulação de capital e de suas principais tendências, buscamos, em primeiro lugar, perscrutar sua emergência à luz da fase do desenvolvimento capitalista que lhe precedeu, e fixar alguns elementos mais salientes de seu processo histórico de consolidação, bem como da configuração geral que veio a assumir. Na sequência, procuramos sintetizar e considerar criticamente determinados esforços marxistas de conceituação dessa nova fase, os quais organizamos por meio de noções-chave a saber, de pós-modernidade e pós-modernismo; de globalização; de neoliberalismo; de financeirização; de hegemonia e de imperialismo. Por fim, valendo-nos desse conjunto de fatores, concentramos nossa atenção sobre o evolver e o significado da mais recente crise econômica mundial. / In recent years, especially in the wake of the intensification of north american bellicosity and the subsequent global economic crisis, came to the surface a set of topics that have traditionally constituted objects of Marxist analysis, and on which several members of this tradition continue to address. In this context, and in despite of the limited room for the circulation of their thesis, it becomes appropriate, on the one hand, to analyze them with respect to the comprehensive framework they aimed at, namely, the conceptual apprehension of the coeval stage of capitalist development; and, on the other hand, to confront this theoretical apparatus with an empirical phenomenon as that of the last global economic crisis, whose effects are still being felt, and whose unfoldings are worthy of interest. Roughly speaking, with the ultimate goal of providing a contribution to the Marxist debate concerning the present dynamics of the capital accumulation and its main trends, in the first place we have looked for peering its emergence in the light of the stage of capitalist development that preceded it, and fix some salient elements of its historical process of consolidation, as well as the general configuration that it came to assume. After that, we have sought to summarize and to critically consider certain Marxists efforts of conceptualizing this new phase, which we organized throught \"key-notions\" - namely, post-modernity and postmodernism; globalization; neoliberalism; financialization; hegemony and imperialism. Finally, based on this set of factors, we have concentrated our attention on the development and the significance of the latest global economic crisis.

Orientador: Nelson Prado Alves Pinto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T12:40:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Palludeto_AlexWilhansAntonio_M.pdf: 1520887 bytes, checksum: fd0fdb5d95f963d61e3cc17e5fe1ec88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo é o de revisar as principais interpretações de inspiração marxista da Grande Recessão (2007-2009) e identificar as linhas centrais do debate que se trava em torno das suas origens e características fundamentais. Não tive, naturalmente, a pretensão de realizar um exame exaustivo da crescente literatura sobre o tema. Optei, ao invés disso, por selecionar aqueles estudos que me pareceram representativos das correntes teóricas mais importantes no interior do marxismo contemporâneo e, a partir disso, avaliar as suas respectivas posições no que diz respeito à crise recente. A fim de cumprir o objetivo proposto, o capítulo primeiro estabelece os principais conceitos e a metodologia de trabalho empregados ao longo deste estudo. Apresenta-se uma definição de crise, a distinção entre causa última e causa imediata e, por fim, o corte adotado para a organização da literatura. Foi possível demonstrar, desse modo, a existência de duas grandes abordagens no universo teórico marxista no que se refere aos determinantes últimos da crise recente: A - de um lado, aqueles que atribuem a turbulência à dinâmica de uma fase particular do capitalismo, à forma política/econômica/institucional específica assumida pelo sistema capitalista ao longo das últimas décadas, em suma, ao que se convencionou denominar, em diversos trabalhos, neoliberalismo; B - de outro, aqueles que veem a crise recente como uma manifestação própria da dinâmica capitalista em geral - e não do modo particular que esta supostamente apresenta. No primeiro grupo, Dúmenil, Lévy, Saad-Filho e Kotz, cujos trabalhos foram examinados no capítulo segundo, estão entre seus principais expoentes. Conforme se pôde observar, o argumento daqueles que defendem essa perspectiva centra-se, principalmente, na relação de poder entre as classes que compõem o capitalismo, sobretudo a capitalista e a trabalhadora, e no reflexo da configuração institucional formada a partir desta sobre a economia, particularmente sobre o comportamento do setor financeiro e a distribuição de renda. Por outro lado, segundo as análises empreendidas pelos integrantes do segundo grupo, do qual os adeptos da chamada Interpretação do Sistema Único Temporal da teoria do valor de Marx são os principais representantes, a argumentação baseia-se, sobretudo, no movimento traçado pela taxa de lucro e a acumulação de capital. Segundo demonstra o capítulo terceiro, o declínio da taxa de lucro em virtude da elevação da composição orgânica do capital é a hipótese básica para a explicação da Grande Recessão nessa abordagem / Abstract: The aim of this study is to review the main marxist interpretations of the Great Recession (2007-2009) and identify the main lines of the debate on its origins and fundamental characteristics. I did not intend to do a thorough examination of the growing literature on the subject. I opted, instead, to select those studies that seemed representative of the most important theoretical approaches in the contemporary marxism and then evaluate their respective positions with regard to the recent crisis. In order to achieve the proposed objective, the first chapter sets out the key concepts and methodology used throughout this study. It presents a definition of crisis, the distinction between the ultimate and immediate cause and, finally, the approach adopted to organize the literature. It was possible to demonstrate thereby the presence of two major approaches in the theoretical marxist universe with regard to determining the recent crisis: A - on the one hand, those who attribute the turbulence to the dynamics of a particular phase of capitalism, the specific political/economic/institutional form assumed by the capitalist system over the past decades; in short, to what may be called neoliberalism; B - on the other, those who see the recent crisis as a manifestation of general capitalist dynamics itself - and not the particular form that supposedly assume. In the first group, Dumenil, Levy, Saad-Filho and Kotz, whose works are examined in chapter II, are among its main exponents. As seen above, the argument of those who advocate this perspective focuses mainly on the power relationship between classes that constitute capitalism, especially the capitalist and worker, and the reflection of the institutional setting from that upon the economy, particularly on the behavior of the financial sector and income distribution. By contrast, according to the analyzes undertaken by members of the second group, which the supporters of the so-called Temporal Single System Interpretation of Marx's value theory are the main representatives, the argument is based mainly on the movement of the rate of profit and capital accumulation. As the third chapter demonstrates, the declining rate of profit because of the increasing organic composition of capital is the basic hypothesis to explain the Great Recession in this approach / Mestrado / Ciências Economicas / Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

The diploma thesis aims to find out how the global economic crisis influenced the Italian economy. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter describes the process of the European monetary integration, where the role of Italy is emphasized. The second chapter deals with the specifics of the Italian economy which are put in historical context. The third chapter analyses the impacts of the crisis on the Italian economy. The last chapter is dedicated to anti-crisis policies taken by the Italian government. Furthermore, the current situation of the Italian economy is assessed.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 ushered in a new era of globalisation and with it, intensified levels of global migration. The movement of people across increasingly fluid and penetrable boundaries has altered the demographic profile of European states and this cultural diversity has confronted contemporary Western liberal democracies with a unique set of challenges concerning the integration of diverse groups into society for the purpose of fostering cohesion and domestic stability. The effects of cultural diversity are not limited to demographics however, and this thesis focuses predominantly on the political and public responses that this phenomenon has evoked. The context of the Netherlands provides a particularly enlightening example of the way in which attempts to manage cultural diversity have stimulated intensive debate on immigration and integration topics, which have subsequently become firmly ensconced within public and political discourse. This ongoing debate in the Dutch context has brought to the fore wider questions pertaining to citizenship, national identity and culture. More importantly, these issues have exposed the limits of Dutch tolerance: increasingly restrictionist immigration and integration policy over the last two decades, and in the last 10 years in particular, has appeared incongruous with stereotypical perceptions of the Netherlands as an ultra-liberal and progressive paragon of multiculturalism. This thesis therefore seeks to rework this image of the Netherlands by observing possible shifts in public attitudes towards immigrants and immigration in the context of considerably less favourable material circumstances, occasioned by the current global financial crisis. Attitudes towards Muslims in Dutch society are of particular interest to this research given the particular cultural and symbolic threat that Islam is considered to pose to liberal values. Realistic Group Conflict Theory provides a useful framework for analysing inter-group competition and conflict stemming from both material and non-material perceptions of threat. Whilst particular focus is accorded to the specific macro-economic conditions of the ongoing financial crisis for observing potentially shifting sentiments, this discussion is situated within a larger national debate about immigration and integration spanning two decades. Linking public perception data to analyses of Dutch integration and immigration policy, patterns of voting behaviour and the real effects of the financial crisis on the Dutch economy, the ultimate intention of this research, then, is to assess the prospects and overall “health” of liberal democracy in the Netherlands. The country‟s experiences in attempting to deal with cultural pluralism reveal that liberal democratic norms have not simply been entrenched as “givens” and they are subject to contestation and ambiguity. It is in attempts to address difference and “otherness” in society that the shortfalls of Dutch liberal democracy have been laid bare. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met die val van die Berlynse Muur in 1989 het „n nuwe tydperk van globalisasie aangebreek en daarmee saam, verskerpte vlakke van globale migrasie. Die beweging van mense oor meer toegangklike grense het die demografiese profiel van Europese state verander. Hierdie kulturele diversiteit het huidige Westerse liberale demokrasieë met „n unieke stel uitdagings gekonfronteer, aangaande die integrasie van diverse groepe in die samelewing met die doel om saamhorigheid te bevorder. Die effek van kulturele diversiteit is egter nie beperk tot demografie nie en hierdie tesis fokus hoofsaaklik op die politieke en openbare reaksies wat die verskynsel uitgelok het. Die Nederlandse konteks verskaf „n besondere insiggewende voorbeeld van die manier waarop pogings om kulturele diversiteit te hanteer, intensiewe debat oor immigrasie- en integrasie-onderwerpe gestimuleer het, wat sedertdien stewig in die openbare en politieke diskoers verskans is. Die voortdurende debat in die Nederlandse verband het wyer vrae aangaande burgerskap, nasionale identiteit en kultuur laat ontstaan. Selfs van groter belang is die feit dat hierdie vraagstukke die perke van Nederlandse verdraagsaamheid ontbloot het: toenemende inperkings op immigrasie- en integrasie-beleid oor die afgelope twee dekades en veral in die laaste 10 jaar, het teenstrydig voorgekom met die stereotipiese indruk van Nederland as „n ultra-liberale en progressiewe toonbeeld van multi-kulturalisme. Hierdie tesis be-oog derhalwe om hierdie beeld van Nederland te ondersoek deur moontlike veranderings in openbare houdings teenoor immigrante en immigrasie waar te neem, teen die agtergrond van aansienlik minder gunstige materiële omstandighede, veroorsaak deur die huidige globale finansiële krisis. Houdings teenoor Moslems in die Nederlandse samelewing is van besondere belang in hierdie ondersoek teen die agtergrond van die beweerde kulturele en simboliese bedreiging wat Islam vir liberale waardes inhou. Realistiese Groep-Konflikteorie voorsien „n nuttige raamwerk om inter-groep wedywering en konflik, wat spruit uit beide materiële en nie-materiële perspesies van bedreiging, te analiseer. Alhoewel besondere aandag geskenk word aan die spesifieke makro-ekonomiese omstandighede van die huidige finansiële krisis om moontlike veranderings in houdings waar te neem, is hierdie bespreking deel van „n groter nasionale debat oor immigrasie en integrasie oor die afgelope twee dekades. Deur inligting oor openbare persepsie te verbind met die Nederlandse integrasie-en immigrasie-beleid, stempatrone en die ware uitwerkings van die finansiële krisis op die Nederlandse kultuur, is die uiteindelike doel van hierdie navorsing om die vooruitsigte en algehele “gesondheid” van liberale demokrasie in Nederland te evalueer. Die land se ervaring van kulturele pluralisme bewys dat liberale demokratiese norme nie verskans is nie en dat hulle onderhewig is aan omstredenheid en dubbelsinnigheid. Die pogings om verskille en “andersheid” in die samelewing aan te spreek, het die tekortkominge van die Nederlandse liberale demokrasie ontbloot.