The purpose of the architecture of software systems in business organizations is to support those organizations in achieving business goals. In software development organizations the design of an architecture is a collective effort that involves various organizational stakeholders and designers, who identify, interpret, and reason about intents, and communicate, delegate, commit to, and implement intents and decisions. Current architectural design descriptions are by-and-large based on block-and-arrow notations representing "coarse-grained" solution elements of the system. They lack explicit representation for modeling and analyzing the decision-making of stakeholders and architectural designers who hold different organizational responsibilities, and pursue conflicting and/or synergistic business or system goals, while collectively pursuing organizational objectives. This thesis considers the proposition that a distributed intentionality perspective is applicable in the design of software system architectures. During architectural design, relationships between intentional actors define the context in which intentional actors pursue business and system goals and in which they negotiate architectural decision-making. The objective of this research is to investigate what an Intentional Architecture Language (IAL) could be like that utilizes intentional and organizational modeling and analysis concepts to support architectural decision-making efforts in organizational settings. Drawing from prior work on organizational modeling and analysis, this thesis first defines a core IAL, and then explores its use to model and analyze architectural decision-making both reported in the literature and empirically observed at a number of commercial projects in industry. Drawing from these explorations, this thesis proposes a number of extensions to the core IAL, discusses lessons learned, and points to the advantages and limitations in using an IAL to model and analyze architectural decision-making in an organizational setting.

The purpose of the architecture of software systems in business organizations is to support those organizations in achieving business goals. In software development organizations the design of an architecture is a collective effort that involves various organizational stakeholders and designers, who identify, interpret, and reason about intents, and communicate, delegate, commit to, and implement intents and decisions. Current architectural design descriptions are by-and-large based on block-and-arrow notations representing "coarse-grained" solution elements of the system. They lack explicit representation for modeling and analyzing the decision-making of stakeholders and architectural designers who hold different organizational responsibilities, and pursue conflicting and/or synergistic business or system goals, while collectively pursuing organizational objectives. This thesis considers the proposition that a distributed intentionality perspective is applicable in the design of software system architectures. During architectural design, relationships between intentional actors define the context in which intentional actors pursue business and system goals and in which they negotiate architectural decision-making. The objective of this research is to investigate what an Intentional Architecture Language (IAL) could be like that utilizes intentional and organizational modeling and analysis concepts to support architectural decision-making efforts in organizational settings. Drawing from prior work on organizational modeling and analysis, this thesis first defines a core IAL, and then explores its use to model and analyze architectural decision-making both reported in the literature and empirically observed at a number of commercial projects in industry. Drawing from these explorations, this thesis proposes a number of extensions to the core IAL, discusses lessons learned, and points to the advantages and limitations in using an IAL to model and analyze architectural decision-making in an organizational setting.

This study was designed to examine the relationship between a person’s goal orientation and the gender roles that they adopt. The relationship between gender and goal orientation has been studied for years, but the results have been inconclusive. Some studies find a gender difference and some studies do not. For this reason, this study examined if there was another factor that was influencing goal orientations that was related to gender. Goal orientations are perceptual-cognitive frameworks for how individuals approach, interpret, and respond to achievement situations. Gender roles are the behaviors, thoughts, and emotions that are considered acceptable and appropriate for each gender based on society and culture. Four hundred and seventy two participants answered an online questionnaire assessing their goal orientation and gender role identification. The participants answered questions using the Patterns of Adaptive Learning Scale and the Bem’s Sex Role Inventory. Overall, the results showed that higher masculinity leads to a higher motivation to succeed, and higher femininity leads to a higher motivation to avoid failure.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of 11th grade Turkish students&rsquo / chemistry self-efficacy for cognitive skills (CSCS), and self-efficacy for chemistry laboratory (SCL), mastery-approach goals, mastery-avoidance goals, performance-approach goals, and performance-avoidance goals to their chemistry achievement. The sample of the study included 604 students (343 females and 261 males) from seven different general public high schools in &Ccedil / ankaya, a district of Ankara. High School Chemistry Self-efficacy Scale which was developed by &Ccedil / apa Aydin and Uzuntiryaki (2009), Achievement Goal Questionnaire which was developed by Elliot and McGregor (2001), and Chemistry Achievement Test (CAT) which was developed by the researcher were used to collect the data in the study. The simultaneous multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data of the study. Results revealed that the students&rsquo / CSCS, mastery-approach goal, performance-approach goal were a positive significant predictors and performance-avoidance goal was a negative significant predictor of their scores on the CAT. Students&rsquo / CSCS had the largest unique contribution to explaining the students&rsquo / chemistry achievement. These four independent variables explained a significant 9.1 % of variance in the students&rsquo / chemistry achievement.

In the gradually volatile industry environment, what you learn will not be able to satisfy in the future career path. Many people who work during daytime return to the campus after-working hours and attend in-service programs which hold by Universities and colleges. For industries, in order to complete with others, they build up the training courses for all colleagues and encourage them to participate in advanced courses such as in-service education for Master¡¦s degree class. In-service education for Master¡¦s degree class was started from 1999, with the Registration rate is getting high year by year. It has become the way to enhance people¡¦s capabilities. In the past, the domestic scholar many discuss with the relations of learning motive, the learning degree of satisfaction and the learning result to be the base of courses holding in the future. Fewer scholars proposed the relation with society support and efficiency learning. This research is basically in the society support point of view to discuss the relation between continue learning culture, learning motivation and efficiency learning. In addition, the relations between those three will different with discussing with Self-Efficacy and goal orientation. In this case, this research will take Self-Efficacy and goal orientation as moderators. Sampled by those who study in-service Master¡¦s Program students, EMBA.. etc was conducted by questionnaire survey. The conclusion we drew from analyzing 357 effective questionnaires with SPSS software are the following: 1.Continue learning culture, learning motivation and learning effectiveness presents positive influence. 2.Continue learning culture, learning motivation and learning effectiveness also effect via mediating effect of Self-Efficacy. 3.Continue learning culture, learning motivation and learning effectiveness also effect via mediating effect of goal orientation. 4.Different types of personal characters have significant differences in four dimensions, Continue learning culture, learning motivation and learning effectiveness, Self-Efficacy and goal orientation.

Recent reports in the field of medicine have recommended the use of teamwork training to reduce the number of injuries and fatalities from human error. Teamwork training in the field of medicine appears promising, but few empirical evaluations of such programs have confirmed their effectiveness. Existing teamwork training studies have tended to use a traditional, lecture approach to training, with positive but modest results upon teamwork attitudes and behaviors. The current study developed and evaluated a more active teamwork training protocol for trauma resuscitation teams. The training protocol supplemented several medical and non-medical role plays with a lecture and guided discussion for feedback. Forty-one residents participated in the training on one of two days (groups) and completed evaluation measures prior to and immediately following the training program. The training was evaluated with measures of trainee reactions, attitudes towards teamwork, and responses to a situational judgment test (SJT). Analyses compared item and scale scores between pre-training scores and post-training scores. T-tests generally found higher means for post-training behavioral responses than pre-training responses. However, mean comparisons with teamwork attitudes and learning goal orientation did not yield significant differences. An item analysis of the SJT responses (using chi-square) indicated significant response shifts in many items that correspond to the teamwork training content. In summary, results indicated that teamwork training on behavioral choices, but little effect on the self-reported attitudes of trainees.

Research has established that there are important psychological and educational consequences to the goal orientations that students adopt (Harackiewicz, Barron, Tauer, Carter, & Elliot, 2000). Therefore, it is important to understand the antecedents of such goal orientations, an area that has received little empirical work (Braten & Stromso, 2006; Pintrich & Schunk, 2002). Given this need, and the relevance of depression and anxiety to student learning and well being (Pekrun, Elliot, & Maier, 2006), this study provides important information by examining the relationship between these two domains. Multiple-regression analyses conducted on data collected from 196 post secondary students revealed performance avoid and mastery orientation were significantly predicted by measures of depressive symptoms and perceived academic competence. Different affect and goal patterns were found for males and females, with trait anxiety being a strong predictor of performance avoid orientation for females but not males. There were different affect and goal patterns for students in their first semester and second semester. Predictor variables accounted for significant variance for the spring semester cohort for mastery, performance approach, and performance avoid orientation, but only for mastery orientation with the fall semester cohort. Consilience for the goal orientation constructs, and the suitability of trait versus state anxiety measures are also discussed.

Syftet med föreliggande uppsats var undersöka sambanden mellan motivationsklimat, målinriktning och självkänsla inom CrossFit jämfört med konditionsbaserad gruppträning. Vidare undersöktes om Modellen för sambandet mellan motivationsklimat, individuella skillnader, och känsla och motivation kunde appliceras inom CrossFit. I studien deltog sammanlagt 95 deltagare, både CrossFitutövare (N=45) och deltagare inom konditionsbaserad gruppträning (N=50) från sydvästra Sverige. I studien användes Perceived Motivational Climate in Sports Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2), Achievement Goals Questionnaire for Sports (AGQ-S) samt Physical Self Perception Profile-R (PSPP-R). Resultatet visade en signifikant skillnad i uppgiftsorienterat klimat och självkänsla mellan CrossFitutövare och deltagare i konditionsbaserad gruppträning. Vidare påvisades samband mellan motivationsklimat, målinriktning och självkänsla inom CrossFit vilket delvis stödjer modellen. Framtida forskning bör vidare granska motivationsklimat, målinriktning, självkänsla och motivation inom CrossFit jämfört med konditionsbaserad gruppträning i en population bestående av fysiskt inaktiva nybörjare. / The purpose of the study was to investigate the interrelationship between motivational climate, goal orientations, and self-esteem in CrossFit compared to aerobic based training. Furthermore the study investigated if the model of interrelationships between motivational climate, goal orientation and, self-esteem could be applied within CrossFit. There were 95 participants in the study, both CrossFit athletes (N=45) and participants i aerobic based training from the south west of Sweden. Percieved Motivational Climate in Sports Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2), Achievement Goals Questionnaire for Sports (AGQ-S) and Physical Self Perception Profile-R (PSPP-R) were used in the study. The results showed a statistically significant difference in percieved mastery-oriented motivational climate and self-esteem among CrossFit athletes and participants in aerobic based training. Furthermore there was a correlation between motivational climate, goal orientations, and self-esteem in CrossFit which partially supports the model.  Based on this result future research should examine motivational climate, goal orientations, self-esteem and motivation in CrossFit compared to aerobic based training in a population of physically inactive novices.

The objective of this study was to examine goal-setting, perceived competence, goal orientation and psychological well-being in Swedish male football players. Further it was investigated if junior players differed when compared with senior players regarding the subjects mentioned above. This was a quantitative study using the following four instruments: Goal Setting in Sport Questionnaire, Harter’s Competence Scale, Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire. The participants consisted of 121 male subjects who played in junior or senior teams. Achievement goal theory and a working model made by the authors based on previous research represented the theoretical framework. One-way ANOVA was used to examine differences between juniors and seniors. Pearson’s correlation test was used to examine relationships between all the variables. The results indicated that the juniors had significantly higher ego orientation when compared to the seniors. Significant differences also emerged in the importance of competence, negative selfconfidence and anxiety, where the juniors showed higher results in all. Finally, significant correlations were demonstrated between goal setting and perceived competence, task orientation and goal setting, task and positive well-being, ego and perceived competence, perceived competence and positive well-being and anxiety and negative self-confidence in both juniors and seniors. The results were discussed in relation to the working model, the theoretical framework and earlier research.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a Orientação de Metas, a percepção do Contexto Motivacional e os níveis de Percepção de Competência Física bem como, as relações entre estes três construtos motivacionais, em crianças praticantes de esporte, com a finalidade de identificar as direções e associações desses construtos. A abordagem quantitativa, de cunho relacional, foi utilizada. A amostra, desta pesquisa, foi composta de 245 atletas, com idades entre 9 e 12 anos, sendo 168 atletas do sexo masculino e 77 do sexo feminino, todos esportistas de modalidade coletiva. Os instrumentos utilizados, para coleta das informações, foram o POSQ (Questionário de Percepção de Sucesso no Esporte), O PMCSQ-2 (Questionário de Percepção do Clima Motivacional no Esporte–2) e a Subescala de Percepção de Competência Física). Os resultados encontrados mostraram que os atletas, a percepção do Contexto Motivacional de prática esportiva orientada para a Maestria estava relacionado com percepções elevadas de Competência Física (rho = 0,203**; p = 0,001). Atletas que perceberam o Contexto Motivacional orientado para o Ego perceberam-se menos competentes (rho = - 0,017; p = 0,793). A relação entre o Contexto Motivacional orientado para Maestria e a Orientação de Metas para Maestria foi regular, positiva e significativa (rho = 0,352**; p = 0,000). A relação entre a Percepção do Contexto Motivacional orientado para o Ego e a Orientação de Meta para o Ego foi fraca, positiva e significativa (rho = 0,299**; p = 0,000). Os atletas da amostra, que evidenciaram uma moderada Orientação de Meta para a Maestria, evidenciaram, também, uma moderada Percepção do Contexto Motivacional orientado para Maestria, e moderados escores de Percepção de Competência Física. Os Atletas, que evidenciaram uma percepção do Contexto Motivacional orientado para o Ego, apresentaram menores escores de Percepção de Competência Física. Quanto as questões de gênero e idade não foi encontrada diferença, estatisticamente significativa, entre os gêneros, na Orientação de Meta para a Maestria (H= 0,014; p = 0,906). Quanto a idade não foi encontrado diferença significativa entre as idades na Orientação de Meta para o Ego (H=4,397; p=0,222) e na Orientação de Meta para Maestria (H=3,231; p= 0,357). Pode-se concluir que crianças atletas deste estudo apresentam níveis moderados de motivação para Maestria. Pôde-se verificar que, mesmo aqueles atletas que tiveram escores mais preponderantes na Orientação de Metas para o Ego, também obtiveram moderados escores de Percepção de Competência Física. O desenvolvimento de sentimentos e percepções positivos, na prática esportiva, poderá fazer com que atletas mantenham suas motivações para prática esportiva ao longo de sua vida. Por fim, este estudo indica que os professores e/ou técnicos podem manipular o Contexto Motivacional de prática esportiva, fazendo com que atletas adotem condutas motivacionais apropriadas, para ter-se um bom desenvolvimento esportivo e educacional adequado, de crianças e jovens praticantes de esporte. Palavras-chave: Percepção de Competência Física, Orientação de Metas / The objective of this research was to investigate the Goal Orientation, Context Motivacional's perception and the levels of Perception of Physical Competence and the relationships among these three constructs motivacionais, in athletes, with the purpose of identifying the directions and associations of those constructs in the Motivation for athletes' Conquest. The quantitative approach, of stamp relacional, it was used. The sample, of this research, was composed of 245 athletes, with ages between 9 and 12 years, being 168 athletes male and 77 female, all sportsmen of collective modalities. The used instruments, for collection of the information, they were POSQ (Questionnaire of Perception of Success in the Sport), PMCSQ-2 (Questionnaire of Perception of the Climate Motivacional in the Sport-2) and Subscale of Perception of Physical Competence). The found results showed that the athletes, that noticed the Context Motivacional of sporting practice guided for the Mastery, they obtained larger punctuation scores in the Perception of Physical Competence (rho = 0,203 * *; p = 0,001) than athletes that noticed the Context Motivacional guided for the Ego (rho = - 0,017; p = 0,793). Context Motivacional's perception guided for Mastery went to regulate, positive and significantly related with the Orientation of Goal for the Mastery (rho = 0,352 * *; p = 0,000). Context Motivacional's Perception guided for the Ego was weak, positive and significantly related with the Orientation of Goal for the Ego (rho = 0,299 * *; p = 0,000). The athletes of the sample, that obtained a moderate Orientation of Goal for the Mastery, obtained, also, a moderate Perception of the Context Motivacional guided for Mastery, and moderate scores of Perception of Physical Competence (M = 2,89; SD = 0,47). The Athletes, that presented a perception of the Context Motivacional guided for the Ego, they presented smaller scores of Perception of Physical Competence (rho = -0,017; p = 0,793). it was not found difference, significant statistical, among the goods, in the Orientation of Goal for the Mastery. (H = 0,014; p = 0,906). Conclusion. It can be concluded that the sample of this study is, in what he/she refers to the formation of goals for conquest in the sporting way, being worked satisfactorily, as it can be seen in the moderate scores found motivacional. The development of feelings and positive perceptions, in practice sporting, he/she can do with that athletes maintain their motivations for sporting practice along his/her life. It can be verified that, even those athletes that had more preponderant scores in the Orientation of Goals for the Ego, also obtained moderate scores of Perception of Physical Competence. Finally, this study indicates that the teachers and/or technicians can manipulate the Context Motivacional of sporting practice, doing with that athletes adopt conducts appropriate motivacional, to have a good sporting and education development, of children and young athletes.