Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Ornelas Berriel / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T19:08:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_IsadoraEckardtda_M.pdf: 2945446 bytes, checksum: 8b37a0fc3d23b46f35af76664012ca1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O objeto desta dissertação é o Diário de uma viagem ao Brasil, escrito pela britânica Maria Graham para contar sua estada no Brasil durante os anos de 1821, 1822 e 1823. O enfoque deste trabalho é no domínio britânico exercido sobre o Brasil no século XIX e em como Graham toma uma postura que defende os interesses britânicos; bem como no modo peculiar como ela narra estes fatos. Para o exame destas questões, foram realizadas as seguintes etapas: levantamento do material bibliográfico; estudo sobre a História do Brasil; análise dos referenciais teóricos; fichamento de leituras; análise sobre como os conteúdos dos livros deste corpus bibliográfico se cruzam. A relevância desta pesquisa reside no fato de que os estudos sobre Graham em geral tendem a versar sobre a riqueza subjetiva de sua narrativa, mas não analisam os aspectos políticos e históricos implicados na produção de seus textos. A autora escreveu em um momento de ebulição política em todo o mundo. A Europa estava se recuperando das guerras napoleônicas e se desvencilhando do antigo regime; as colônias da América do Sul clamavam por independência. Por fim, a Inglaterra, era a maior potência de então, e estava profundamente interessada no Brasil, a fim de ampliar suas relações comerciais. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é mostrar como este contexto aparece nos diários de viagem de Graham, com especial ênfase para o Diário de uma viagem ao Brasil, e também entender como estas circunstâncias influenciaram a produção destes textos. Concluiu-se que o olhar de Maria Graham, proveniente de uma Europa que se modernizava, lançado sobre o Brasil, enxerga um país de costumes bárbaros. Este olhar feminino traz ao leitor uma investigação sociológica rica em detalhes referentes a particularismos do cotidiano, bem como a assuntos de maior abrangência como questões de ordem política. Por fim, no que se refere a estas questões, concluiu-se que Graham não o admite abertamente, mas, defende os interesses da Inglaterra em seus escritos. Como este país estava interessado nas vantagens comerciais que o Brasil podia oferecer, seu maior interesse era conservar a unidade nacional brasileira, bem como consolidar sua independência de Portugal. / Abstract: The main object of this thesis is the Journal of a voyage to Brazil and residence there, during part of the years 1821, 1822, 1823, by the British writer Maria Graham. The focus of this thesis is on the great British influence over Brazil in the nineteenth century, on how Graham takes a position that supports British interests, as well as the manner she narrates all these facts. To analyze this, the following steps were taken: careful examination of the bibliographic material; studies about the History of Brazil; analysis of support and references regarding travel literature theory; organization of all these readings; analysis on how the contents of the books of this bibliographic corpus meet. The relevance of this research is that the studies about Graham generally tend to be about the subjective aspect of her narrative, but never about the political and historical factors implied in the production of her texts. This author wrote in a moment of political changes throughout the world. Europe was recovering from the Napoleonic wars and getting rid of the ancien régime; the colonies from South America were claiming for independence. Finally, England was the greatest power then, and was deeply interested in Brazil, to enlarge its commercial relationships. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to show how this context appears on Graham's travel books, especially on Journal of a voyage to Brazil, and also to understand how these circumstances influenced the production of her texts. We concluded that Graham's point of view, who came from a continent that was becoming more and more modern, in contact with Brazil, ends up seeing Brazil as a country with barbarian habits. This female point of view brings to the reader a detailed sociological investigation about issues related to everyday little things, as well as more important subjects such as political issues. Finally, regarding the political issues, we also concluded that although Graham does not admit it clearly, she supports the interests of Britain. Since this country was interested in the commercial advantages that Brazil could offer, its most important interest was that Brazil became an independent nation, as well as it kept its nacional unity. / Mestrado / Literatura Geral e Comparada / Mestre em Teoria e História Literária

The thesis aims to mesh narrative theory with theory of empathy in a study of two novels by Graham Greene, A Gun for Sale (1936) and Brighton Rock (1938), where the use of narrative building blocks from the crime thriller genre and the empathy that the characters may evoke are analysed. The second aim is to discuss how to implement the rather complex works of Graham Greene in the EFL classroom. The key analytical devices for this essay are narratology and empathy, particularly difficult empathy. Narrative scaffolding helps students to discern recurring themes, character types and functions different in narratives, thus enabling them to transfer reading experiences to other texts as well. This thesis argues that Greene’s A Gun for Sale and Brighton Rock are useable in the EFL classroom, not despite, but because their great complexity, as discussions of difficult empathy in villainous characters and moral dilemmas will help develop fundamental values such as empathy and understanding of others, thus widening students’ understanding of both different kinds of literature and the world in which they live.

An examination of Graham Greene, his writing, and its relationship with Catholic teachings through an anaylsis of the Catholicity of his characters.

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This dissertation traces the early origins of Shirley Graham Du Bois, a well known Negro achiever in the 1930s and 1940s, from the decades preceding her birth in 1896 up through the mid-twentieth century when she has reached mid life and achieved a number of successes. It attempts to reclaim from obscurity the significant cultural production that Shirley Graham contributed to American society. Her artistry and activism were manifested in many ways. As a very young woman she conducted, throughout the northern and eastern parts of the U. S., musical concerts extolling the beauty and significance of spirituals. While attending school at Oberlin College, she wrote a musical opera that was regarded during its time as the world's first race opera. In 1936 she assumed the role of Director for the Chicago Black Unit of the Federal Theatre Project (FTP). After the FTP phased out, she attended Yale School of Drama to learn the craft of playwriting, and proceeded to write several plays that were staged and viewed by interracial audiences. As the country prepared for WWII, she was selected to head USO activities in Fort Huachuca, Arizona where the largest aggregation of Negro soldiers were stationed before being sent off to battle. She subsequently became a field secretary for the NAACP during this period of tumultuous change in the nation and the world. The early 1940s would see Graham reach the pinnacle of success during this phase of her life by writing biographies for a national children's audience. This success was short lived due to the political climate of red-baiting that became fashionable during the political reign of Senator Joseph McCarthy. Graham's progressive politics, communist affiliation and marriage to W. E. B. Du Bois placed her on the wrong side of the establishment. Each chapter develops the varying forms her activism took shape in each given situation. Following the example of fore-parents who were politically and socially engaged during their lifetimes, Graham follows suit. Her efforts reveal a woman who educated, inspired and empowered others while demonstrating the different ways one could use her abilities to confront racism.

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This thesis is an examination of how the themes of adultery and regeneration are interwoven and explored by selected English novelists in the first half of the twentieth century. It is essential to establish that Ford, Lawrence, Waugh and Greene do not adhere to the ‘archetypal' pattern of the adultery novel established in the nineteenth century and, in fact, turn that pattern on its head. Ford's The Good Soldier and Parade's End provide two differing perspectives. The first uses adultery as a metaphor for the disintegration of English society, mirroring the social disintegration that accompanied the First World War; Parade's End, however, presents an adulterous relationship as being a regenerative force in the post-war society. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover also uses an adulterous relationship as a means of addressing the need for social, and national, regeneration in the inter-war years. Waugh's A Handful of Dust presents a woman's adultery as the ruin of not only a good man, but also civilisation in general; Brideshead Revisited is more religious in tone and traces the spiritual regeneration of its central character, whose conversion, ironically, is made possible through his adulterous relationship. Similarly, Greene's The Heart of the Matter and The End of the Affair portray the process of spiritual regeneration; in both novels this movement towards salvation is intertwined with an exploration of adulterous love. The ultimate question probed in this thesis is how the twentieth century novel of adultery overturns the traditional literary approach to the subject. Adulterous unions and illegitimate children are no longer presented as being exclusively socially destabilising or subversive in these novels; most intriguingly significant is that, in some of these novels, the illegitimate child becomes a symbol of hope, and, indeed, of regeneration.

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This study examines the Swedish Stock Exchange during the time period of 1998-2016. Where the purpose is to investigate and compare five different investment strategies to see if these investment strategies can create excess return on their investments, after adjustment for risk. The investment strategies can be found on the internet, and be used after purchasing a smaller amount of money, therefore the results can be applied to all investors independent on their level of experience. The results for the different investment strategies are not clear, the different tests give mixed results which leaves four of five hypotheses unanswered. However, there is one strategy that can be rejected, it cannot beat the market, which is the Net-Nets strategy. In general, one could thus say that the investment strategies can create higher return compared to the market, but that these returns are random. Therefore, it requires a longer time period for the investor as well as higher risk, since one never knows when this large return will be given.