Este estudo retrata o adolescer de Guibert de Nogent, monge da região de Beauvais, norte da França, que viveu entre 1055-1125, aproximadamente. Utiliza-se de um método histórico-psicanalítico com o objetivo de tentar analisar o texto autobiográfico e o contexto vivido por Guibert, durante sua infância e a transição para a vida adulta. Toma-se como pontos de referência para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, o conhecimento adquirido pela psicanálise contemporânea sobre o processo adolescente e o contexto histórico da Idade Média, séculos XI-XII. Tendo por base a metapsicologia psicanalítica proveniente de Freud, e de alguns dos seus seguidores, e os conhecimentos da história social, oriundos de Bloch, Vernant e outros, procura-se compreender os aspectos inconscientes e as interferências recíprocas entre sujeito psíquico e cultura. Estuda-se as condições de nascimento e de desenvolvimento, o processo educacional, a entrada na puberdade, a crise e a elaboração do processo adolescente até a vida adulta, dos quais se pode extrair os conteúdos componentes das estruturas e dinâmicas existentes entre as pulsões, o ego e o superego. Analisa-se as interações entre o desenvolvimento do sujeito psíquico e as incorporações provenientes das características do meio familiar, social, afetivo, religioso, cultural, preconizadas e exercidas pelo domínio da Igreja dentro do regime clérico-feudal. Parte-se do estudo particular de um caso para se propor algumas considerações gerais sobre o adolescer na Idade Média. Evidencia-se dois objetivos principais nesta investigação histórico-psicanalítica. O primeiro, tentar definir a existência da adolescência como fenômeno intrínseco do desenvolvimento humano e seus conflitos, durante a construção da identidade adulta e em relação à cultura. O segundo, tentar criar uma metodologia através da interface histórico-psicanalítica, capaz de contribuir para a compreensão da construção do sujeito psíquico em suas relações com os fatos e processos históricos, e que levam em consideração o individual e o coletivo, o psicofísico e o ambiental, o texto e o contexto, o homem e sua cultura. / This study analyses the becoming adolescent of Guibert de Nogent, monk from the Beauvais region, north of France, who lived around 1055-1125. A historic-psychoanalytic method was used, having in mind the analysis of the autobiographic text and the context within which Guibert lived his childhood and his transition to adulthood. The up to date psychoanalytic knowledge about the process towards adolescence and the historic context in the Middle Ages, centuries XI-XII, are the reference points adopted for the development of the present work. The basis for understanding the unconscious aspects and the reciprocal interference between the psychic subject and the culture is the psychoanalytic metapsychology originated with Freud and some of his followers, and from the social history by Bloch, Vernant and others. It is possible to extract the contents from the dynamic structures components which exist between the drives, the ego and the superego by analyzing the conditions of birth, the development, the educational process, the entering into puberty, the crisis and the development of the adolescence process until the adult life. The interactions between the psychic subject and the influences originated from the characteristics of the family, social, affective, religious and cultural environment, imposed and executed by the dominance of the Church within a clerical-feudal regime are analyzed. The study of this one case leads to general considerations about the adolescence process during the Middle Ages. Two main objectives come out from this historic-psychoanalytic research. The first aims at the definition of the existence of the adolescence as intrinsic phenomenon of the human development and its conflicts along the construction of the adult identity and in relation to the culture. The second intents the presentation of a new methodology by means of the historic-psychoanalytic interface, able to contribute to the understanding of the building up process of the psychic subject in relation to the facts and the historic processes, which takes into consideration the individual and the collective, the psychophysic and the environment, the text and the context, the man and his culture.

Les reliques sont des objets associés aux saints, ou au Christ. Une relique est porteuse d’une puissance spirituelle, une virtus, source de miracles. Depuis l’Antiquité et surtout le Moyen Âge, les reliques ont joué un rôle essentiel dans la vie des sociétés chrétiennes. Il n’en reste pas moins que les théologiens semblent n’avoir réservé au culte des reliques qu’une faible part de leurs écrits, au point d’être considéré par l’historiographie actuelle comme ayant eu « une élaboration théorique inversement proportionnelle à son importance ». Le présent mémoire se propose d’étudier, à travers les différents témoignages laissés sur le culte des reliques, durant l’Antiquité et le Moyen Âge, quelles ont pu être les conceptions, croyances et controverses autour du culte des reliques. L’hypothèse par conséquent proposée est celle d’un « problème des reliques », intimement lié aux évolutions du culte des saints et aux conceptions sur l’eucharistie tout au long du Moyen Âge. Un glissement se produit au cours du Moyen Âge, d’une critique jugée hérétique du culte en lui-même, à un refus des abus et du flou entourant ce culte au nom de l’orthodoxie. Ces paroles persistantes, à défaut d’un débat, sur la validité, les mécanismes mystiques et les abus d’un tel culte se sont ainsi cristallisées au XIIe siècle chez plusieurs auteurs contemporains, tels Thiofrid d’Echternach et surtout Guibert de Nogent, soulignant le besoin d’une élaboration théorique et d’une codification de ces pratiques. / Relics are items linked to the saints, or to the Christ. Relics carry spiritual power, called virtus, source of miracles. Since the Antiquity, and especially since the Middle Age, relics played an essential part in the life of christian societies. The fact remains that the medieval theologians seemed to have reserved, for the cult of relics, a small part of their writings, as to be regarded by historians as having been presenting "a theoretical elaboration inversely proportional to its significance " and did not elicit any debate. This thesis thus proposes to study, through the various accounts left on the cult of relics, the ancient and medieval, what were the views, beliefs and controversies around the cult of relics. The hypothesis is therefore proposed that a "problem of the relics" existed, throughout the Middle Age, intimately linked to developments in the cult of saints and ideas on the Eucharist. A shift occurs during the Middle Ages, from a criticism, considered heretical, of the cult itself, to a denial of abuse and vagueness of this cult in the name of orthodoxy. These persistent speeches, if not a debate, about the validity and the mystical mechanisms and abuse of such a cult, would be well crystallized in the twelfth century, reflected in many contemporary writers, such as Thiofrid Echternach and especially Guibert of Nogent, stressing the need for theoretical development and codification of these practices.

Este estudo retrata o adolescer de Guibert de Nogent, monge da região de Beauvais, norte da França, que viveu entre 1055-1125, aproximadamente. Utiliza-se de um método histórico-psicanalítico com o objetivo de tentar analisar o texto autobiográfico e o contexto vivido por Guibert, durante sua infância e a transição para a vida adulta. Toma-se como pontos de referência para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, o conhecimento adquirido pela psicanálise contemporânea sobre o processo adolescente e o contexto histórico da Idade Média, séculos XI-XII. Tendo por base a metapsicologia psicanalítica proveniente de Freud, e de alguns dos seus seguidores, e os conhecimentos da história social, oriundos de Bloch, Vernant e outros, procura-se compreender os aspectos inconscientes e as interferências recíprocas entre sujeito psíquico e cultura. Estuda-se as condições de nascimento e de desenvolvimento, o processo educacional, a entrada na puberdade, a crise e a elaboração do processo adolescente até a vida adulta, dos quais se pode extrair os conteúdos componentes das estruturas e dinâmicas existentes entre as pulsões, o ego e o superego. Analisa-se as interações entre o desenvolvimento do sujeito psíquico e as incorporações provenientes das características do meio familiar, social, afetivo, religioso, cultural, preconizadas e exercidas pelo domínio da Igreja dentro do regime clérico-feudal. Parte-se do estudo particular de um caso para se propor algumas considerações gerais sobre o adolescer na Idade Média. Evidencia-se dois objetivos principais nesta investigação histórico-psicanalítica. O primeiro, tentar definir a existência da adolescência como fenômeno intrínseco do desenvolvimento humano e seus conflitos, durante a construção da identidade adulta e em relação à cultura. O segundo, tentar criar uma metodologia através da interface histórico-psicanalítica, capaz de contribuir para a compreensão da construção do sujeito psíquico em suas relações com os fatos e processos históricos, e que levam em consideração o individual e o coletivo, o psicofísico e o ambiental, o texto e o contexto, o homem e sua cultura. / This study analyses the becoming adolescent of Guibert de Nogent, monk from the Beauvais region, north of France, who lived around 1055-1125. A historic-psychoanalytic method was used, having in mind the analysis of the autobiographic text and the context within which Guibert lived his childhood and his transition to adulthood. The up to date psychoanalytic knowledge about the process towards adolescence and the historic context in the Middle Ages, centuries XI-XII, are the reference points adopted for the development of the present work. The basis for understanding the unconscious aspects and the reciprocal interference between the psychic subject and the culture is the psychoanalytic metapsychology originated with Freud and some of his followers, and from the social history by Bloch, Vernant and others. It is possible to extract the contents from the dynamic structures components which exist between the drives, the ego and the superego by analyzing the conditions of birth, the development, the educational process, the entering into puberty, the crisis and the development of the adolescence process until the adult life. The interactions between the psychic subject and the influences originated from the characteristics of the family, social, affective, religious and cultural environment, imposed and executed by the dominance of the Church within a clerical-feudal regime are analyzed. The study of this one case leads to general considerations about the adolescence process during the Middle Ages. Two main objectives come out from this historic-psychoanalytic research. The first aims at the definition of the existence of the adolescence as intrinsic phenomenon of the human development and its conflicts along the construction of the adult identity and in relation to the culture. The second intents the presentation of a new methodology by means of the historic-psychoanalytic interface, able to contribute to the understanding of the building up process of the psychic subject in relation to the facts and the historic processes, which takes into consideration the individual and the collective, the psychophysic and the environment, the text and the context, the man and his culture.

Thèse de doctorat : Lettres modernes : Paris 12 : 2004. / Version électronique uniquement consultable au sein de l'Université Paris 12 (Intranet). Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. : 295 réf.

L'œuvre d'Hervé Guibert est marquée par l'enfance. Partout, l'enfance est convoquée : celle toujours perdue, celle qui survit et insiste, celle qu'il désire rejoindre (voir, prendre, toucher, érotiser, incorporer), celle qu'il faudrait dominer, écraser, détruire, celle qui happe, soumet, éblouit. Dans cette constellation du désir, l'œuvre trace des chemins qu'il nous faut reconstruire. Plus qu'un ensemble de représentations, l'inscription de l'enfance dans l'œuvre de Guibert nous invite à dégager une véritable figure textuelle, laquelle éclaire trois scènes : celle de la jouissance, celle du deuil et celle de la filiation. Le repérage de ces trois scènes et l'analyse de leur mise en récit occupe le cœur de notre travail. Comment s'élabore à même le matériau textuel une quête de jouissance jamais résolue; comment s'inscrit dans le texte un travail de deuil dont l'objet de la perte est le sujet lui-même; comment se construit une filiation alternative, mais surtout, comment s'écrit l'enfance, qui fait tenir entre elles toutes ces scènes? D'abord, nous intéresse l'enjeu narratif. Nous accordons une attention particulière au rôle de la mort dans l'œuvre de Guibert, intrinsèquement liée à l'acte d'écriture. Comment Guibert perçoit-il et subit-il la perspective de sa mort imminente? Quelle trace cherche-t-il à laisser? Ces questions nous mèneront à interroger le statut de l'Autre dans son œuvre. Pour ce faire, nous convoquons plus d'une dizaine de textes de Guibert. Aucun des ouvrages de l'auteur ne se dérobe à la figure de l'enfance, celle-ci étant absolument omniprésente. Cela dit, trois textes ressortent du lot, chacun exploitant largement cette figure : Vous m'avez fait former des fantômes, Voyage avec deux enfants et Le mausolée des amants. L'auteur - avant le sida et avec le sida - anticipe sa fin et fait de sa mort imminente un enjeu textuel. Se trame dans son œuvre un fantasme d'auto-engendrement à comprendre comme le point culminant de la figure de l'enfance : l'écriture, pour Guibert, est enfantement d'une œuvre et enfantement de soi. L'inceste et le cannibalisme, en tant que le sujet les conçoit comme des moyens de jouir du même (de son double, de son enfant) et d'ainsi imposer une filiation circulaire rejoignent la notion d'auto-engendrement. De là, l'analyse de la pulsion orale permet de mesurer la portée de ces mises en scène où se croisent des figures d'ogres et de monstres mythiques. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Hervé Guibert, Enfance, Figure textuelle, Fantasme, Auto-engendrement, Deuil

Submitted by Maria Dulce (mdulce@ndc.uff.br) on 2014-02-13T18:03:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lanzieri Junior, Carlile-Tese-2013.pdf: 2912578 bytes, checksum: a1b35edc593febb7f8c1c16598677064 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-13T18:03:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lanzieri Junior, Carlile-Tese-2013.pdf: 2912578 bytes, checksum: a1b35edc593febb7f8c1c16598677064 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Esta pesquisa analisa as diferentes etapas da formação intelectual do abade Guiberto de Nogent (c.1055-c.1125) em Monodiae (c.1115) e outros de seus escritos. Entretanto, ela vai além do desenvolvimento deste personagem no sentido estritamente acadêmico ou letrado. Como as orientações monásticas, inspiradas na Antiguidade, não separavam ética (sapientia) e saber (scientia), pretende-se entender Guiberto em sua procura por ascensão espiritual através da sapiência que acumulou e situá-lo na pedagogia e debates intelectuais de sua época. Pedagogia que se dividia em punições, exercícios práticos e diálogos constantes; sapiência que estava na base de um cristianismo mais vivido que teorizado, e que se situava além dos muros de igrejas e mosteiros. Cristianismo vivido que acompanhou Guiberto e se mostrou presente em tudo que escreveu e que permitiu observar o quanto eram porosas as fronteiras entre escrito e oral no medievo. Assim, o ambiente cultural no qual Guiberto viveu foi reconstruído não somente a partir das palavras que deixou, mas também com base no que ele possivelmente leu, ouviu e experienciou. Igualmente, foi demonstrado que o autor de Monodiae, baseado em vivências particulares, descobriu ocasião propícia para expressar sua maneira de compreender a vida e ensinar a possíveis leitores como edificar um mundo melhor. Para Guiberto, tarefa possível pela conquista da sabedoria que não estava apenas nos livros ou aulas com importantes mestres. / This research analyzes the different steps of the intellectual formation of the abbot Guiberto of Nogent (ca. 1055 – ca. 1125) in his Monodiae (ca. 1115) and other of his writings. However, it goes beyond the growth of this personage in a strictly academic sense or literate. As the monastic guidelines, inspired by Antiquity, did not separate ethics (sapientia) from knowledge (scientia), we intend to understand Guibert in his quest for spiritual rise through wisdom that he amassed and situate him in the pedagogy and intellectual debates of his time. Pedagogy was divided in punishments, practical exercises and constant dialogues; wisdom that was on the basis of a Christianity more experienced than theorized, and it was located beyond the walls of churches and monasteries. Lived Christianity that accompanied Guiberto and was present in everything that he wrote and allowing to observe how were porous the boundaries between the written and the oral in the Middle Ages. Thus, the cultural environment in which he lived was rebuilt not only from the words that he left, but also based on which he possibly read, heard and experienced. Likewise, it has been shown that the author of Monodiae, based on private experiences, discovered the opportunity to express his way of understanding the life and also teaching to possible readers how to construct a better world. For Guibert, a possible task by wisdom conquest that was not only in the books or classes with important masters.

Dans cette etude, j'examine le role de la contamination dans Trou de memoire d'Hubert Aquin et A I'ami qui ne m 'apas same la vie d'Herve Guibert ainsi que les aspects postmodernes de ces deux romans. Le premier chapitre situe mon projet dans le courant postmoderne. J'y decris d'abord le rapport entre la modernite, le modernisme et le postmodernisme. Je trace ensuite les reflexions de Jean-Francois Lyotard sur la « condition postmoderne ». Enfin, j'introduis les effets de contamination qui se manifestent dans cette litterature. Le deuxieme chapitre porte sur Trou de memoire et souleve la question identitaire, ce qui entraine une discussion sur les notions d'hybridite et de metamorphose. J'examine les formes et les fonctions de l'interdiscursivite et de Pintertextualite. Dans le troisieme chapitre, j'explore le role de la contamination aux niveaux formel et thematique dans A Vami qui ne m'a pas sauve la vie. Je fais appel a Michel Foucault en considerant les rapports de force qui se developpent dans ce roman. Enfin, ayant complete cette exploration des deux romans par le biais du postmodernisme, je conclus que la contamination produit une ecriture de l'incertitude.

Dans cette etude, j'examine le role de la contamination dans Trou de memoire d'Hubert Aquin et A I'ami qui ne m 'apas same la vie d'Herve Guibert ainsi que les aspects postmodernes de ces deux romans. Le premier chapitre situe mon projet dans le courant postmoderne. J'y decris d'abord le rapport entre la modernite, le modernisme et le postmodernisme. Je trace ensuite les reflexions de Jean-Francois Lyotard sur la « condition postmoderne ». Enfin, j'introduis les effets de contamination qui se manifestent dans cette litterature. Le deuxieme chapitre porte sur Trou de memoire et souleve la question identitaire, ce qui entraine une discussion sur les notions d'hybridite et de metamorphose. J'examine les formes et les fonctions de l'interdiscursivite et de Pintertextualite. Dans le troisieme chapitre, j'explore le role de la contamination aux niveaux formel et thematique dans A Vami qui ne m'a pas sauve la vie. Je fais appel a Michel Foucault en considerant les rapports de force qui se developpent dans ce roman. Enfin, ayant complete cette exploration des deux romans par le biais du postmodernisme, je conclus que la contamination produit une ecriture de l'incertitude. / Arts, Faculty of / French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of / Graduate

Situé entre entre le roman et le récit personnel, Cru. prend la forme d'un aller-retour entre fiction et autobiographie. Le texte, construit à l'aide d'une écriture syncopée et brute, présente deux personnages homosexuels à l'ère « post-sida », alors que ceux-ci tentent de comprendre ce que veut dire « être un homme » dans un contexte social où le mépris (envers les autres et soi-même) est encore présent, mais peut-être encore plus pernicieux qu'auparavant, parce que camouflé sous l'idée d'une acceptation globale. Au final, Cru. soulève la délicate question du droit à la vérité dans une démarche autobiographique et celle de l'implication de la cruauté dans un récit qui ne concerne pas que l'auteur, mais son entourage aussi. Cruauté nécessaire : le devoir d'une vérité autobiographique chez Guibert, Dustan et Rémès est un essai qui vise l'analyse de différents procédés se rattachant à l'écriture autobiographique homosexuelle des années 1990, particulièrement aux textes appartenant à la littérature du sida. Si l'autobiographie vise, dans une certaine mesure, le dévoilement de la vérité, comment ne pas parler de cruauté alors que les auteurs qui la pratiquent y vont de révélations qui ne concernent pas qu'eux? Si le processus d'écriture autobiographique se veut bénéfique, le résultat est-il purement diabolique? Il faudra d'abord, évidemment, définir ce que l'on entend par « vérité » et « cruauté » (lire « bénéfique » et « maléfique »). En ce qui concerne le Bien et le Mal, les textes de Bataille et Nietzsche contribueront à définir deux concepts qui peuvent, souvent, être relatifs. En confrontant les textes des trois auteurs français – tous séropositifs au moment de l'écriture – à différentes théories autobiographiques (Doubrovsky, Lejeune, Miraux) et identitaires (Foucault, Schecter, Butler), et à certains écrits sur le devoir et la responsabilité (Donner, Brooks), l'on tentera de démontrer que la cruauté dont Guibert, Dustan et Rémès font preuve est essentielle à l'écriture autobiographique. / A mix between a novel and a personal journal, Cru. is a cross-section between fiction and autobiography. The text, built around a type of writing that is dry and sometimes brutal, presents two gay characters in the « post AIDS » era, who are trying to figure out what it's like to be a man in a social context where contempt (towards others, as well as self-loathing) still exists. Perhaps even more than before, because this contempt is hidden under a false global acceptance. In the end, Cru. raises questions about the definition of «  truth » in an autobiographical approach and the implication of cruelty in a literary piece that not only concerns the writer, but it's surrounding too. Cruauté nécessaire : le devoir d'une vérité autobiographique chez Guibert, Dustan et Rémès is an essay that analyses the stakes at work in gay autobiographical writings of the 1990's, especially AIDS-related literature. If one of the main aspects of autobiography is to disclose the truth, how can we not talk about cruelty when the writers are revealing things that concern not only themselves? If the whole process of autobiography involves « healing », how can we not see the final product as « painful »? It will be relevant to first define what we mean by « truth » and « cruelty » (also « good » and « evil »). Regarding Good and Evil (le Bien et le Mal), Bataille and Nietzsche's writings will help us define two concepts that are, way too often, relative. When confronting the three French writers that we are studying here – all HIV-positive when writing their texts – with different theories on autobiography (Doubrovsky, Lejeune, Miraux), identity (Foucault, Schecter, Butler), obligation and responsibility (Donner, Brooks), we will seek to demonstrate that the cruelty used by Guibert, Dustan and Rémès is, in fact, essential to the autobiographical writing process.

<p>This is a study of the novel <em>Mes mauvaises pensées</em> (2005) by the French writer Nina Bouraoui. I use an intertextual comparative method, where I read the novel against three intertexts: Marie Cardinal <em>Les mots pour le dire</em> (1975), the David Lynch movie <em>Mulholland Drive </em>(2001) and novels and photographies by Hervé Guibert. Main focus is on the relation between body and language. Using the psychoanalytic theories by Julia Kristeva I examine the melancholy of the narrator in <em>Mes mauvaises pensées</em>. The melancholic subject mourns a Thing which is the unrepresentable archaic mother. Melancholy is connected to the notion of exile; the subject belongs to a lost place in the past which it is still holding on to. The narrator of <em>Mes mauvaises pensées</em> is still living in her childhood, even though she is a grown up woman. I show how the place from where she speaks is the child. The female body and the female sexuality are not represented in the text, there is a missing link between the female body and it’s representation in language – in the symbolic order. According to Kristeva the melancholic denies the loss of the Thing – in the end the mother – and clings to the unrepresentable void. By realizing and acknowledging the loss one can reconstruct the bond to the archaic mother in language. Bouraoui’s failure in writing <em>the feminine</em> into the text is interesting because it puts lights on the conditions of writing the body for women. The theory of l’écriture féminine is an inspiration for the analyses and I contrast it to Judith Butler’s idea of gender performativity. There is a conflict in what constitutes gender and sex between psychoanalysis and queer theory, which is also found in the narrator in Bouraoui’s novel – trying to create herself through pure performativity she never succeeds to act independently of the mother and the female body.</p>