Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-06-14T12:26:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marilene Liége Darós_.pdf: 5526998 bytes, checksum: 8e4ed9979782ff9a1df18a5b6c18fac7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-14T12:26:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marilene Liége Darós_.pdf: 5526998 bytes, checksum: 8e4ed9979782ff9a1df18a5b6c18fac7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-25 / FAPERGS - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / O tema deste trabalho é a dinâmica das relações vinculantes e sua relação com a Felicidade. Desde a antiguidade, o tema é questão de discussões político-filosóficas e gerador de controvérsias. A premissa de que a felicidade individual está em sintonia com a felicidade de todos se articula com as políticas da modernidade, consolidando o sistema econômico vigente. Os estudos de sociedades anteriores à sociedade moderna e não ocidentais invertem essa maneira de conceber a relação indivíduo/sociedade. As escolhas individuais fazem parte de uma dinâmica de organização social de produção e reprodução da vida. Os vínculos sociais são o elo entre indivíduo e sociedade e a condição primordial para se ter uma boa vida. Diante dessa mudança paradigmática de conceber a natureza humana em movimento dialético com o coletivo, tomamos como referencial para a análise do fenômeno da felicidade os estudos antropológicos de Mauss sobre a dádiva e a tese de Polanyi de que a natureza do ser humano é social, e a economia, uma das dimensões da vida humana. Ao adotar como base esses autores, consideramos as formulações de seus seguidores para entender essa dinâmica da vida humana dentro das organizações sociais: a saber, Sabourin e seus estudos sobre a reciprocidade em Mauss e Polanyi, e a sistematização teórica de Gaiger sobre a qualidade das relações vinculantes. O conceito de felicidade que assumimos é de um sentimento que surge da articulação entre as condições objetivas e subjetivas. Sentimento, para Damásio, é a expressão que provém de uma sensação do corpo que se articula a uma percepção subjetiva dessa expressão corporal. O sentimento envolve o corpo e a alma, sendo visível na expressão de uma pessoa. Partindo desse referencial, adotamos o conceito de felicidade apresentado por Gaiger como um sentimento que surge de um estado de paz e bem-estar consistente, ancorado no que julgamos primordial à vida, à trajetória de nossas realizações e a uma avaliação global com a vida que temos e que levamos. Tomando como objeto empírico a Economia Solidária, buscamos fundamentos para a compreensão da felicidade a partir da teoria dos vínculos sociais que têm como base a concepção teórica sobre a dádiva de Mauss e a reciprocidade de Polanyi, utilizando as metodologias quantitativas e qualitativas. A partir das análises de questões das bases de informações do II Mapeamento e da pesquisa amostral dos(as) sócios(as) e sócias em Economia Solidária, demonstramos que os empreendimentos solidários são engajados e que os vínculos são motivadores para a entrada e permanência dos(as) sócios(as) nos Empreendimentos Solidários. Na pesquisa qualitativa, fizemos uma imersão no campo e entrevistamos 22 pessoas de quatro segmentos: seis agricultores familiares, sendo dois deles de comunidades quilombolas remanescentes; seis pescadores artesanais; quatro mulheres de uma cooperativa de alimentos e seis de uma cooperativa de catadores de materiais recicláveis. Concluímos que os vínculos são importantes para as pessoas estarem nas cooperativas bem como, tendo como vetor a reciprocidade, os vínculos podem transformar a autoimagem negativa em positiva, levando as pessoas a se avaliarem como felizes. / The subject of this paper is the dynamics of bonding relations and their relation with Happiness. Since ancient times, this theme is subject of political and philosophical discussions and creates much controversy. The premise that individual happiness is connected with the happiness of everyone relates to modern politics, consolidating the current economical system. The study of societies dating prior to modern societies, as well as the study of non-western societies subvert this way of seeing the individual/society relationship. The individual choices are part of a dynamic of social organization of production and reproduction of life. The social bonds are the link between individual and society, as well as the most important condition for one to live a good life. Facing this paradigmatic change of seeing human nature in dialectic movement with the collective, we use as reference the anthropological studies of Mauss about gift and Polanyi's thesis that human nature is social and economy is one of human life's dimensions. Adopting the groundwork laid by these authors, we consider the formulations of their followers to understand the dynamics of human life within social organizations – namely, Sabourin and his studies on reciprocity in Mauss and Polanyi, and Geiger's theoretical systematization about the quality of bonding relations. The concept of happiness as we assume it is a feeling that arises from the articulation of objective and subjective conditions. To Damásio, feeling is the expression of an emotion that comes from a sensation of the body related to a subjective perception of this body expression. Feeling involves body and soul, being visible in a person's expression. Building on that groundwork, we adopt the concept of happiness presented by Gaiger as a feeling that arises from a state of peace and consistent well-being, anchored to what we judge quintessential to life, to our achievements' trajectory and to a global evaluation of the life we live. Taking Solidarity Economy as empirical object, we seek foundations to the understanding of happiness through the theory of social bonds, which has as a foundation the theoretical conception about gift of Mauss and Polanyi's reciprocity, using quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Starting from the analysis of matters from the base of information of the Second Mapping and the sample research of the associates in Solidarity Economy, we demonstrated that the solidarity enterprises are committed and that bonds are motivating for the entry and permanence of associates in Solidarity Enterprises. For the qualitative research, we went into the field and interviewed 22 people of four different sectors: six family farmers, two of which from remaining quilombola communities; six artisan fishermen; four women from a food cooperative and six from a co-op of recyclable materials collectors. We concluded that the bonds are important for people to stay in the cooperatives and that having reciprocity as a vector, bonds can transform negative self-image into positive self-image, making people evaluate themselves as happy.

Um dos caminhos possíveis para compreendermos os objetivos gerais da obra platônica é tomarmos como guia de leitura dos diálogos as várias investidas de Platão em responder-nos a seguinte questão crucial: de que modo devemos viver? Os diversos discursos produzidos nos diálogos como possíveis respostas a tal questão são colocados na boca dos personagens que melhor os representariam paradigmaticamente. Assim, Sócrates é tornado nos diálogos platônicos o modelo máximo de virtude, verdadeira encarnação do que podemos propriamente chamar, segundo Platão, de vida filosófica. O intento de Platão consiste em mostrar, diante das alternativas, que a vida filosófica se impõe como a mais satisfatória possível. Deste modo, a pergunta crucial da ética platônica a respeito do gênero de existência ao qual é digno nos consagrarmos exige de Platão a investigação da natureza de noções éticas fundamentais como o bem, a eÙdaimona e o prazer. Alguns textos desenvolvem a articulação de tais conceitos de maneira mais explícita e decisiva como é o caso do Protágoras, do Górgias, do Fédon da República e do Filebo. Nestas obras podemos observar como a posição de Platão com relação a sua concepção geral de eÙdaimona e o lugar que o prazer nela ocupa desenvolve-se na mesma medida em que sua noção da natureza do bem é paulatinamente construída, tornando-se mais precisa. O objetivo de nosso trabalho é investigar o modo como Platão articula estes conceitos nos diálogos mencionados, e outros relevantes, com especial atenção à posição atribuída ao prazer em nossa vida moral. Deste modo, nosso tema de reflexão é o lugar do prazer na Filosofia Moral de Platão. / One way to understand the main goals of platonic philosophy is to take as a reading guide Platos many attempts to answer the crucial question,How should we live?, in his dialogues. The different discourses produced in the dialogues as possible answers to this question are put in the mouth of the characters that best represent them paradigmatically. Thus, Socrates is shown in the platonic dialogues as the best model of virtue, the true personification of what we may call, according to Plato, the philosophical life. Platos intent is to show that the philosophical life is, of all alternatives, the ideal satisfactory life. Therefore, the crucial question of platonic ethics about the worthiest genre of life demands from Plato a research on the nature of basic ethical concepts such as the good, eÙdaimona and pleasure. Some texts articulate these concepts in a more explicit and decisive way, namely the Protagoras, the Gorgias, the Phaedo, the Republic and the Philebus. In these works we can see how Platos position to his general conception of eÙdaimona, and the place of plesure in it, develops at the same time as his notion of the nature of good is gradually constructed, becoming more acurate. The goal of our work is to investigate how Plato articulates these concepts in the forementioned dialogues, and others that are relevant, with a special focus on the place attributed to plesaure in our moral life. In conclusion, our subject of reflexion is the place of pleasure in Platos Moral Philosophy.

Teachers represent a large percentage of the workforce in the United States, yet there is a high demand for teachers every year due to a large number of teachers exiting the profession (Ingersoll, 2001). Staying beyond the first five years is a feat nearly half of the teachers in the United States do not accomplish which leads to problems within the school community (Ingersoll, 2002; Ingersoll, 2004). Through an exploration of the positive stories of teachers' experiences this study identifies some of the common themes found within those stories that led teachers to greater happiness in their profession. While this study provides important information regarding specific experiences of teacher happiness, it is also a closer look at a lesser-known but powerful tool of Narrative Inquiry, story cycles.

The happy productive worker (HPW) theory states that happy employees perform at higher levels than unhappy employees do. Despite the explanatory power of the HPW theory, it was unknown if a happy middle-level manager would be associated with productive direct reports. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to address that gap by exploring the impact of middle-level managers' well-being and happiness on the performance of their direct reports. Key research questions examined how middle-level managers' well-being and happiness influenced the performance of their direct reports and how middle-level managers' application of the HPW theory influenced social change. Twenty middle-level managers from varied organizations participated in semistructured interviews to generate data. Data were subjected to content analysis to identify emergent categories and themes. Findings showed that middle-level managers' well-being and happiness had both positive and negative influences on direct reports' performance in that reports tended to mirror their middle-level manager's level of well-being and happiness. Whenever the middle level manager was happy, their reports' productivity increased, and whenever the middle level manager was unhappy, reports' productivity decreased. The overall conclusion was that middle-level managers' well-being and happiness in the workplace are important and offer opportunities to help direct reports to grow and to flourish in their department of the organization. Recommendations include further study of the strategies middle-level managers use to influence direct reports' advancement toward their potential. Organizational leaders may apply these findings through professional development training to enhance the growth and improve the productivity of their direct reports.

Military spouses are often left at home when their service member deploys to areas outside the United States. These deployments can have a lasting impact on the military spouses' perception of marital happiness. Communication problems can occur within the marriage and military spouses may use their religious orientation to alleviate the stress that comes from deployments. This quantitative study used an online survey method to conduct bivariate correlations and multiple regression analysis from a sample of 128 military spouses. This study focused on the family stress theory and used the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, Extrinsic and Intrinsic Religious Orientation Scale, and Primary Communication Inventory. Bivariate correlations indicated a significant relationship between communication, extrinsic religious orientation, intrinsic religious orientation, and marital happiness. Multiple regression indicated a strong significant relationship with communication and a negative significant relationship with extrinsic and intrinsic religious orientation. After controlling for the covariates, communication and age of spouse were significant, while the remaining variables were nonsignificant. In addition, binary logistic regression was conducted, and communication and intrinsic religious orientation were significant, while extrinsic religious orientation was nonsignificant with marital happiness. The experiences that military spouses undergo with deployments may be useful for therapists, chaplains, or military leaders to provide learning techniques on coping after deployments, promote longevity with military marriages through premarital workshops, chaplain-sponsored marital retreats, and marriage therapy for military spouses to promote marital happiness.

Much research has focused on the development of methods of measuring preference for stimuli. These methods have shown to be an accurate and valid way to identify potential reinforcers. However, these methods have only been conducted with tangible stimuli and have not been extended to non-tangible stimuli or activities, potentially because these types of stimuli are not appropriate for current preference assessment presentation methodologies. This study used a single stimulus presentation preference assessment to identify preferred activities for two adults with developmental disabilities. Two measures (duration of engagement and indices of happiness) were collected to identify preferred stimuli. For both participants, there were differences in happiness measure between activities. The engagement measure only produced differentiated results for one participant. Reinforcer assessments were conducted to determine if the measures of preference were able to identify high preference stimuli that functioned as more effective reinforcers more than stimuli identified as low preference. Both participants exhibited high rates of an arbitrary response during all conditions of the reinforcer assessment. Therefore, the reinforcer assessments did not validate the results of the preference assessments.

Commons-based peer production is an activity that is emerging as a distinct mode of resource allocation and production of information, knowledge and culture ('social production' for short), potentially heralding a new stage in the development of information/knowledge-based economies. This paper presents a cross-country analysis of factors determining the information and knowledge output of the paradigmatic social production project, i.e. SETI@home. The main hypothesis explored is that the level of average subjective well-being in a country is a motivational proxy variable that can help explain the cross-country variation in SETI@home output levels. The hypothesis that trust might be of lesser importance is also explored. I find support for both hypotheses, but only for developed and advanced countries, not poor countries.

<p>The main purpose of this study was to examine how people who have felt mentally bad, describe their subjective experience of what leads to a mental well-being. The overall research questions were; <em>how does the individual define mental well-being</em>, <em>how does the individual describe the turning-point during her tough period</em>, and <em>in what way does the individual consider that her own effort has influenced her well-being</em>? In order to answer these questions, qualitative research interviews were conducted with persons who’ve felt mentally bad and who’ve got some kind of professional help, and who think that they have a mental well-being today. The empirical material was analyzed from a theoretical resilience perspective. The study’s result showed first of all, that there are different ways to define well-being. The most significant factors to achieve well-being, seemed to be positive, quality relations and a supportive social network. This appeared to be strengthening and creates resilience. Other factors that appeared to be strengthening for the development of resilience and well-being, are for example high self-esteem and competence. The result also showed that professional help seemed to have been important. Risk-factors that were found in the study are for example an unfavourable childhood environment, insecurity and early unhealthy relations. The study indicated that resilience in individuals can have different strength.</p>

<p>Happiness research is advancing as an academic discipline as well as on the political agenda. An aspect, largely ignored in the field, is what impact an individual’s construction of the good life has on his or her subjective well-being. The purpose of this paper was to investigate how people in different situations in life and with different backgrounds construct the idea of a good life and the importance these constructions may have in explaining subjective well-being. Despite the differences between themselves, the respondents’ constructions of the good life were shown to have a lot in common. Some factors in the good life were shared by the respondents, such as relations to other people, access to food, water and housing, whereas in other aspects, such as money and time, the constructions of the good life differed quite a lot from one another. When evaluating their own lives the respondents used quite different criteria mostly corresponding to their idea of the good life. If this is a general pattern, possible to replicate in other studies, one may in the future be able to draw the conclusion that the construction of the good life has an effect on our subjective well-being.</p>

<p>Tidigare forskning har funnit samband mellan självkänsla och olika hälsotillstånd. Forskning har även påvisat att personer med låg självkänsla förklarar misslyckanden med hjälp av inre faktorer till skillnad från personer med hög självkänsla. Detta kan påverka graden av välbefinnande. Syfet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka hur bassjälvkänsla, kompetensbaserad självkänsla samt attributionsstil predicerar subjektivt välbefinnande. En kvantitativ enkätstudie genomfördes på 132 gymnasieungdomar. Resultatet visade att bassjälvkänsla och kompetensbaserad självkänsla korrelerade, positivt respektive negativt med subjektivt välbefinnande. Vidare visade resultatet att bassjälvkänsla var starkast prediktor för subjektivt välbefinnande men även kompetensbaserad självkänsla var av signifikans. Det fanns inget signifikant samband mellan vilken attributionsstil deltagarna uppvisade samt uppmätt subjektivt välbefinnande. Den föreliggande studien påvisade vikten av en god bassjälvkänsla.</p>