Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is a non-malignant epithelial lesions that usually occurs along the side edges of the tongue caused by the Epstein -Barr virus (EBV). This disease is almost exclusively seen in immunocompromised patients, particularly in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the OHL is related to immunosuppression in general, been described in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. The diagnosis of OHL in its clinical or subclinical form, can be done through the detection of EBV cytopathic effects in epithelial cells. Thus, the proposition of this study was to evaluate the oral hairy leukoplakia as a possible marker of immune impairment, through a cytological study in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. 40 patients with autoimmune diseases were evaluated under immunosuppressive treatment, recruited from spontaneous demand of a population of patients regularly treated at the Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe. Intraoral history and physical examination were performed, and soon after, two sweeps lateral border of the tongue, one for each side, then the construct two smears on conventional glass slides to be stained by the Papanicolaou technique were performed. Subsequently consulted medical records in order to collect data regarding the diagnosis of the underlying disease, time since diagnosis, type and duration of immunosuppressive therapy and WBC count. Stained by Papanicolaou smears were evaluated for representative nuclear changes cytopathic effect of EBV, which represent the criterion of cytological diagnosis of oral hairy leukoplakia. Most of the examined patients were females (70%) and the overall mean age was 40.5±16.1 years. Subclinical LPO was observed in 52.5% of patients. Thus, the use of shaved bilateral language for cytological diagnosis of subclinical LPO as clinical and laboratory monitoring tool immunosuppressed patients, in order, ultimately, minimize the occurrence of opportunistic diseases through modulation of therapy used is suggested. / A leucoplasia pilosa oral (LPO) é uma lesão epitelial não maligna que ocorre normalmente nas bordas laterais da língua, causada pelo vírus Epstein-Barr (EBV). Esta patologia é quase que exclusivamente vista em pacientes imunocomprometidos, particularmente em indivíduos infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). Contudo, a LPO está relacionada com imunossupressão em geral, sendo descrita em pacientes que receberam terapia imunossupressora. O diagnóstico da LPO, na sua forma clínica ou subclínica, pode ser feito através da detecção dos efeitos citopáticos do EBV nas células epiteliais. Assim, a proposição deste estudo foi avaliar a leucoplasia pilosa oral como um possível marcador de comprometimento imune, através de um estudo citopatológico em pacientes submetidos à terapia imunossupressora. Foram avaliados 40 pacientes portadores de doenças autoimunes, sob tratamento imunossupressor, recrutados a partir de demanda espontânea de uma população de pacientes regularmente atendidos no Serviço de Reumatologia do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Foram realizados anamnese e exame físico intraoral e, logo após, foram realizadas duas raspagens de borda lateral da língua, uma para cada lado, seguida da confecção de dois esfregaços em lâminas de vidro convencionais para serem corados pela técnica de Papanicolaou. Posteriormente, consultado prontuário médico a fim de colher dados referentes ao diagnóstico da doença de base, tempo de diagnóstico, tipo e tempo de terapia imunossupressora e contagem leucocitária. Os esfregaços corados por Papanicolaou foram avaliados quanto às alterações nucleares representativas do efeito citopático do EBV, que representam o critério de diagnóstico citopatológico da leucoplasia pilosa oral. A maioria dos pacientes examinados pertencia ao gênero feminino (70%) e a média geral de idade encontrada foi de 40,5±16,1 anos. A LPO subclínica foi observada em 52,5% dos pacientes. Assim, sugere-se a utilização do raspado bilateral da língua para diagnóstico citopatológico de LPO subclínica como ferramenta de acompanhamento clínico-laboratorial de pacientes imunossuprimidos, a fim de, em última instância, minimizar a ocorrência de doenças oportunistas através da modulação da terapia empregada.

Ce travail porte sur la mise au point et l’étude d’un nouveau système de culture in vitro permettant une production efficace de dérivés de t-resvératrol. Pour cela, des lignées de racines transformées de Vitis vinifera L. ont été établies, stabilisées et criblées. Le faible taux de croissance a été amélioré par criblage de différents milieux de cultures et différentes concentrations en saccharose, montrant une préférence pour le milieu ½ SH avec 2% (p/v) de saccharose. Les cinétiques de croissance et de production de stilbènes ont ensuite été évaluées dans ces conditions. Nous avons mis en évidence une production basale de stilbènes par les racines, bien que celles-ci soient aussi fortement inductibles par des traitements d’élicitation par du méthyl jasmonate et des cyclodextrines. Dans ces conditions, les racines transformées de vigne ont montré une forte capacité de production et d’excrétion de différents stilbènes. Un profilage phytochimique des racines et de leur milieu de culture a été réalisé par CPC-RMN et LC-MS pour illustrer cette diversité. En parallèle des études sur un modèle simplifié, les cultures de cellules en suspension ont été réalisées pour rechercher des transporteurs candidats pour l’excrétion active du t-resvératrol vers son lieu d’action. Une approche de protéomique globale de la membrane plasmique par iTRAQ a permis de cibler des candidats de type ABC transporteurs, qui ont ensuite été caractérisés par des approches d’étude de l’expression de leurs transcrits. Ensemble, ces résultats soutiennent l’intérêt de cet outil pour l’étude du métabolisme ainsi que pour la bioproduction de stilbènes. / This work aims at the setting up and the study of a new in vitro culture for a cost-effective production of highly pure resveratrol derivatives. To answer that need, hairy root lines of Vitis vinifera L. were established, stabilized and screened. Their low growth rate was improved by testing various culture media and different sucrose concentrations. The best growth rate was obtained with ½ SH medium with 2% (w/v) sucrose. The growth and stilbene production kinetics were assessed in these conditions. A constitutive production of stilbenes was observed in roots, though they showed a strong response to eliciting treatments such as methyl jasmonate and cyclodextrines. In these conditions, the hairy roots yielded high stilbene production in terms of concentrations as well as diversity. The diversity of the stilbenes obtained has been described by biochemical profiling of both root and their culture medium extracts using CPC-NMR and LC-MS. Together with the study of hairy roots, we used cell suspensions cultures as a simplified model to study the excretion of t-resveratrol. Candidate transporters have been screened for using a global plasma membrane proteomic approach based of iTRAQ. ABC G transporters were pointed out as promising candidates and were further characterized by studying their gene expression. Together, these results support the interest of grapevine hairy root cultures for the study of stilbenes metabolism and their bioproduction.

Current interest in cover cropping is focused on enhancing ecosystem services beyond soil conservation. Cover crop (CC) species function uniquely in their effects on ecosystem services when grown in monoculture or mixtures. This research integrated field experiments and a literature synthesis to evaluate the role of cover crops in improving nitrogen (N) management and simultaneously providing multiple ecosystem services. Legume CC fertilized with poultry litter (PL) could replace 101 to 117 kg N ha-1 of fertilizer in corn (Zea mays L.) production. Rye (Secale cereale L.) CC fertilized with PL had a negligible effect on corn production. Biculture fertilizer equivalence ranged between -12 to +75 kg N ha-1. Fertilizer equivalence of legume-containing treatments increased across time. Without CC, fall-applied PL failed to supply N to corn. Ecosystem services of CC and PL illustrate complex species functions. Bicultures produced more total biomass than monocultures in year 1 but less than rye in year 2. Bicultures were as effective in suppressing weeds as rye, produced corn yield similar to legume, and by the second year had similar amounts of available soil N as the legume. Poultry litter effects and interspecific effects cover crop species biomass differed. Rye yield increased, while legume yield decreased slightly in biculture. Poultry litter increased legume N content and a decrease in legume C:N, while rye N content and C:N were unaffected. The synthesis corroborates that mixed and biculture cover crops yield more than the individual component species. Overyielding was transgressive in 60% of cases studied. Mixture effects varied by species: rye and brassica yield increased, while legume decreased in mixtures. The effect of mixed CC on crop yields varied by crop species and management practices, though generally crops increased 8 to 18% overall. This work can be applied to the design of complex CC and PL systems that optimize individual species functions to enhance ecosystem services. / Ph. D. / Current interest in cover cropping is focused on enhancing ecosystem services beyond soil conservation. Cover crop (CC) species function uniquely in their effects on ecosystem services when grown in monoculture or mixtures. This research integrated field experiments and a literature synthesis to evaluate the role of cover crops in improving nitrogen (N) management and simultaneously providing multiple ecosystem services. Legume CC fertilized with poultry litter (PL) could replace almost half of the inorganic fertilizer required by spring corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) production. Rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.) CC fertilized with PL had a negligible effect on corn production. Fertilizer equivalence of legume-containing treatments increased across time. Without CC, fall-applied PL failed to supply N to corn. Bicultures produced more total biomass than monocultures in year 1 but less than rye in year 2. Bicultures were as effective in suppressing weeds as rye, produced corn yield similar to legume, and by the second year had similar amounts of available soil N as the legume. Poultry litter effects and interspecific effects cover crop species biomass differed as well. Rye yield increased, while legume yield decreased slightly in biculture. Poultry litter increased legume N content and a decrease in legume C:N, while rye N content and C:N were unaffected. The synthesis corroborates that mixed and biculture cover crops yield more than the individual component species. Mixture effects varied by species: rye and brassica yield increased, while legume decreased in mixtures. The effect of mixed CC on crop yields varied by crop species and management practices, though generally crops increased 8 to 18% overall. This work can be applied to the design of complex CC and PL systems that optimize individual species functions to enhance ecosystem services.

No description available.

No description available.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Notre objectif était de mieux comprendre la régulation de la biosynthèse des parois secondaires lors de la formation du bois chez l'Eucalyptus, le feuillu le plus planté au monde et le deuxième dont le génome est séquencé. Nous avons caractérisé trois facteurs de transcription de la famille MYB-R2R3 et montré que EgMYB137 était un nouveau régulateur de la biosynthèse des parois secondaires. Nous avons aussi démontré que l'activité transcriptionnelle de EgMYB1, un répresseur de la biosynthèse des lignines, était régulée par une interaction protéine-protéine impliquant une histone linker (EgH1.3). Enfin, nous avons mis au point une méthode de transformation homologue chez l'Eucalyptus via A. rhizogenes. Les " hairy roots " transgéniques sont adaptées à la caractérisation fonctionnelle de gènes reliés à la formation du xylème. Nos résultats ont permis de découvrir de nouveaux acteurs impliqués dans la régulation des parois secondaires, mettant en lumière la complexité de ce processus mais aussi offrant de nouvelles perspectives pour l'amélioration du bois pour des applications industrielles comme la production de bioéthanol de deuxième génération. / Our objective was to better understand the regulation of the biosynthesis of the lignified secondary cell walls during wood formation in Eucalyptus, the most planted hardwood tree, and the second whose genome has been sequenced. We functionally characterized three Eucalyptus transcription factors of the R2R3-MYB family and identified EgMYB137 as a new regulator of secondary cell wall deposition. We also showed that the transcriptional activity of EgMYB1, a repressor of lignin biosynthesis was modulated by protein-protein interactions involving a linker histone (EgH1.3). Finally, we set up a homologous transformation system for Eucalyptus using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The transgenic hairy roots are suitable for high throughput functional characterization of cell wall-related genes. Our findings not only allowed getting new insights into the complexity of the network regulating secondary cell walls but also open new avenues to improve wood quality for industrial applications such as second-generation bioethanol.

Abstract not available

MARTINS, Jorge André Matias. Avaliação da biometria testicular, epididimal e de glândulas sexuais acessórias e correlações entre características biométricas e histológicas em carneiros deslanados sprd. 2006. 56 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Fortaleza-CE, 2006. / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-01T12:33:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_jammartins.pdf: 532644 bytes, checksum: 997a7780ea614be6ad84b2772b07b79a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-01T12:33:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_jammartins.pdf: 532644 bytes, checksum: 997a7780ea614be6ad84b2772b07b79a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-01T12:33:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_jammartins.pdf: 532644 bytes, checksum: 997a7780ea614be6ad84b2772b07b79a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / The present study was conducted to evaluate aspects of the reproductive tract of crossbred rams raised in the semi-arid region of the Brazilian Northeast. Correlations between measurements of the testes, epididymis and accessory sex glands and variables related to the spermatogenic process were also determined. Data were obtained from 19 animals slaughtered at the approximate age of 60 weeks. Seminiferous tubules were studied with regard to volume, length and height and the population of Sertoli and germ cells. Associations between variables were estimated by Pearson’s method (p < 0.05) and linear regression analysis using StatView 5.0 software (SAS, 1998). Significant correlations were found among all testis measurements (weight, length, width and volume) and other aspects of the reproductive trait, such as length of the cauda epididymis (CCauEp; r = 0.66 to 0.68) and weight of the accessory sex glands (AG; r = 0.68 to 0.72). Weight of AG was also associated with epididymal weight and CCauEp (r = 0.56 and 0.70, respectively), suggesting the existence of a synchronized development of the male reproductive trait. Testis width (TW) represented the variable with the most significant correlations with testis weight, length and volume (r = 0.88; 0.87 and 0.94). Moreover, regression model allowed the empirical estimate of testis volume (TV) based on testis width: TV = - 260.17 + 68.479 x TW (R² = 0.95). This characteristic (TW) was highly correlated with important aspects of gonad histology, such as volume of the seminiferous tubules (r = 0.96), number of round spermatids per testis (r = 0.89) and daily production of round spermatids (r = 0.89). Linear regression models with high coefficients of determination (R²) allowed the estimation of histological parameters based on testis width. In conclusion, the present study shows, for the first time, information about the weight of accessory sex glands in crossbred rams. It was also observed that animals with larger testes had larger epididymis and accessory sex glands and greater quantitative estimates of the spermatogenesis. Testis width should be useful for selection of sires because it is of easy measurement. / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a biometria de partes do trato reprodutor de ovinos deslanados sem padrão racial definido (SPRD) criados no semi-árido nordestino, e correlacionar os dados biométricos testiculares, epididimais e de glândulas sexuais acessórias com variáveis associadas ao processo espermatogênico. Os dados biométricos foram obtidos a partir dos testículos, epidídimos e das glândulas sexuais acessórias de 19 animais abatidos em torno de 60 semanas de idade. O parênquima testicular foi avaliado quanto ao diâmetro, volume e comprimento dos túbulos seminíferos, altura do epitélio germinativo e população de células e Sertoli e germinativas. Foram realizadas análises de correlação de Pearson (p < 0.05) entre as características estudadas e montados modelos de regressão linear simples para estas mesmas variáveis através do programa estatístico StatView, 5.0 (SAS, 1998). Correlações significativas foram verificadas entre todas as medidas testiculares (peso, comprimento, largura e volume) e as outras medidas do trato reprodutor, como comprimento da cauda do epidídimo (CCauEp; r=0,66 a 0,68) e as peso das glândulas sexuais acessórias (r=0,68 a 0,72). Estas também tiveram correlações significativas com o peso do epidídimo e com o CCauEp (r=0,56 e 0,70, respectivamente), o que sugere a existência de uma sinergia no desenvolvimento do trato genital masculino. A largura testicular (LT) foi o parâmetro que apresentou correlações mais significativas com peso, comprimento e volume testiculares (r=0,88; 0,87 e 0,94) e os modelos de regressão que permitem estimar qualquer uma dessas características, a exemplo do volume testicular: VT = -260,17 + 68,479 x LT; R²= 0,95. Esta característica também esteve alta e significativamente correlacionada com mportantes parâmetros histológicos, como volume do túbulo seminífero (r=0,96), número de espermátides arredondadas por testículo (r=0,89) e produção diária de espermátides arredondadas (r=0,89). Os modelos de regressão linear simples com coeficientes de determinação (R²) elevados permitem estimar as características histológicas a partir da largura testicular. No presente estudo, foram obtidos, pela primeira vez, os pesos das glândulas vesiculares e bulbo-uretrais em ovinos SPRD e pôde-se observar que animais com maior medidas testiculares também apresentaram elevados parâmetros quantitativos da espermatogênese e maiores epidídimos e glândulas vesiculares. A largura testicular pode ser útil para seleção de reprodutores por ser uma característica de fácil mensuração.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a biometria de partes do trato reprodutor de ovinos deslanados sem padrÃo racial definido (SPRD) criados no semi-Ãrido nordestino, e correlacionar os dados biomÃtricos testiculares, epididimais e de glÃndulas sexuais acessÃrias com variÃveis associadas ao processo espermatogÃnico. Os dados biomÃtricos foram obtidos a partir dos testÃculos, epidÃdimos e das glÃndulas sexuais acessÃrias de 19 animais abatidos em torno de 60 semanas de idade. O parÃnquima testicular foi avaliado quanto ao diÃmetro, volume e comprimento dos tÃbulos seminÃferos, altura do epitÃlio germinativo e populaÃÃo de cÃlulas e Sertoli e germinativas. Foram realizadas anÃlises de correlaÃÃo de Pearson (p < 0.05) entre as caracterÃsticas estudadas e montados modelos de regressÃo linear simples para estas mesmas variÃveis atravÃs do programa estatÃstico StatView, 5.0 (SAS, 1998). CorrelaÃÃes significativas foram verificadas entre todas as medidas testiculares (peso, comprimento, largura e volume) e as outras medidas do trato reprodutor, como comprimento da cauda do epidÃdimo (CCauEp; r=0,66 a 0,68) e as peso das glÃndulas sexuais acessÃrias (r=0,68 a 0,72). Estas tambÃm tiveram correlaÃÃes significativas com o peso do epidÃdimo e com o CCauEp (r=0,56 e 0,70, respectivamente), o que sugere a existÃncia de uma sinergia no desenvolvimento do trato genital masculino. A largura testicular (LT) foi o parÃmetro que apresentou correlaÃÃes mais significativas com peso, comprimento e volume testiculares (r=0,88; 0,87 e 0,94) e os modelos de regressÃo que permitem estimar qualquer uma dessas caracterÃsticas, a exemplo do volume testicular: VT = -260,17 + 68,479 x LT; RÂ= 0,95. Esta caracterÃstica tambÃm esteve alta e significativamente correlacionada com mportantes parÃmetros histolÃgicos, como volume do tÃbulo seminÃfero (r=0,96), nÃmero de espermÃtides arredondadas por testÃculo (r=0,89) e produÃÃo diÃria de espermÃtides arredondadas (r=0,89). Os modelos de regressÃo linear simples com coeficientes de determinaÃÃo (RÂ) elevados permitem estimar as caracterÃsticas histolÃgicas a partir da largura testicular. No presente estudo, foram obtidos, pela primeira vez, os pesos das glÃndulas vesiculares e bulbo-uretrais em ovinos SPRD e pÃde-se observar que animais com maior medidas testiculares tambÃm apresentaram elevados parÃmetros quantitativos da espermatogÃnese e maiores epidÃdimos e glÃndulas vesiculares. A largura testicular pode ser Ãtil para seleÃÃo de reprodutores por ser uma caracterÃstica de fÃcil mensuraÃÃo. / The present study was conducted to evaluate aspects of the reproductive tract of crossbred rams raised in the semi-arid region of the Brazilian Northeast. Correlations between measurements of the testes, epididymis and accessory sex glands and variables related to the spermatogenic process were also determined. Data were obtained from 19 animals slaughtered at the approximate age of 60 weeks. Seminiferous tubules were studied with regard to volume, length and height and the population of Sertoli and germ cells. Associations between variables were estimated by Pearsonâs method (p < 0.05) and linear regression analysis using StatView 5.0 software (SAS, 1998). Significant correlations were found among all testis measurements (weight, length, width and volume) and other aspects of the reproductive trait, such as length of the cauda epididymis (CCauEp; r = 0.66 to 0.68) and weight of the accessory sex glands (AG; r = 0.68 to 0.72). Weight of AG was also associated with epididymal weight and CCauEp (r = 0.56 and 0.70, respectively), suggesting the existence of a synchronized development of the male reproductive trait. Testis width (TW) represented the variable with the most significant correlations with testis weight, length and volume (r = 0.88; 0.87 and 0.94). Moreover, regression model allowed the empirical estimate of testis volume (TV) based on testis width: TV = - 260.17 + 68.479 x TW (RÂ = 0.95). This characteristic (TW) was highly correlated with important aspects of gonad histology, such as volume of the seminiferous tubules (r = 0.96), number of round spermatids per testis (r = 0.89) and daily production of round spermatids (r = 0.89). Linear regression models with high coefficients of determination (RÂ) allowed the estimation of histological parameters based on testis width. In conclusion, the present study shows, for the first time, information about the weight of accessory sex glands in crossbred rams. It was also observed that animals with larger testes had larger epididymis and accessory sex glands and greater quantitative estimates of the spermatogenesis. Testis width should be useful for selection of sires because it is of easy measurement.