Orientador: Everardo Duarte Nunes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T08:01:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Montagner_MiguelAngelo_D.pdf: 2850817 bytes, checksum: daf89e1d4fb315908f42cccbfb165b89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Essa tese alinha-se dentro da perspectiva da sociologia da ciência e busca compreender as práticas científicas dos pesquisadores de uma instituição da área médica, através de metodologias quantitativas e qualitativas. O nosso marco teórico foi o construtivismo genético de Pierre Bourdieu. Por meio deste autor, procuramos relacionar e delinear a formação dos habitus científicos dos professores de uma faculdade de medicina, analisando as memórias coletivas do período de institucionalização, desenvolvimento e consagração de seus grupos primários. Procuramos mostrar a relação destes habitus com o espaço social no qual os pesquisadores foram socializados, construíram suas trajetórias sociais e constituíram seus grupos primários. Criamos, como estratégia teórica, um construto nomeado 'biografia coletiva¿ de uma persona 'coletiva¿, baseando-nos, para tanto, nos conceitos de trajetórias coletivas de Bourdieu, memória coletiva de Halbwachs, grupo primário de Ferrarotti e Cooley, persona de Mauss e persona coletiva de Boltanski. No plano quantitativo, desenhamos e analisamos, em termos estatísticos, as principais características desses professores, por meio da quantificação da base de dados Plataforma Lattes, que contém os currículos de todos os Professores Plenos da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Unicamp. No plano qualitativo, realizamos entrevistas focadas em profundidade com uma amostra dos professores e uma análise estrutural de suas respostas, com a intenção de compreender suas práticas e seus valores como cientistas, procurando entender as idealizações subjetivas a respeito de suas próprias trajetórias de vida, ou seja, as memórias coletivas de suas próprias práticas. Comparando ambos os tipos de dados, sintetizamos as principais características dos pesquisadores da faculdade, dedicando, porém, especial atenção a três grupos primários. Procuramos elucidar como as vanguardas, representadas por esses grupos primários presentes na instituição, percebem-se e se definem como grupos sociais, as suas concepções do que é ciência e a maneira como transformam essas disposições, presentes em seus habitus, em atos concretos e cotidianos da prática científica / Abstract: The present thesis follows a perspective of science sociology and seeks to understand the scientific practices of researchers from an institution of the medical field, using quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Our theoretical reference was the Pierre Bourdieu¿s genetic constructivism. Through this author, we aimed to correlate and delineate the construction of the scientific habitus of professors and the relation of these habitus with the social scope in which they inserted themselves, built their social trajectories and constituted their primary groups. Respecting the quantitative sphere, we outlined and analyzed the main statistical characteristics of these professors using the analysis of Lattes Platform Curricula of all full professors from the Medical Sciences School of the University of Campinas (Unicamp). In the qualitative sphere, we performed interviews focused on a sample of professors and the structural analysis of their answers, in order to understand their practices and values as scientists, as well as their subjective idealizations regarding their own personal trajectories, i.e. collective memories of their own practices. Comparing both types of data, we synthesized the main characteristics of each group within a collective biography of a collective persona, seeking to elucidate how the vanguard groups represented by these primary groups existent in the institution conceive and define themselves as social groups, their conceptions of the meaning of science and the way in which these dispositions present in their habitus are transformed into concrete actions / Doutorado / Saude Coletiva / Doutor em Saude Coletiva

Memory and nostalgia work in complex, paradoxical ways in Cormac McCarthy's No Country for Old Men and The Road, both haunting the main protagonists, Sheriff Ed Tom Bell and the father, as well as bringing them to crucial realizations. These men give up the traditional hero role for the more meaningful and generative image of “carrying the fire,” which unites these two novels. Carrying the fire represents a memorial and nostalgic longing for home and family. Bell and the father attain this vision because of their obsession with the past, and because of their struggle with memory and nostalgia. Memory, for these characters, has both personal and collective dimensions. Nostalgia, likewise, has a dual function, following Svetlana Boym's definition of nostalgics as being capable of restorative and reflective longing for the past. Family, or Paul Ricœur’s theory of close relations, bridges the gap between the conflicts of memory and nostalgia, acting as the means by which they understand this vision of carrying the fire while also embodying it. Additionally, the duality of both memory and nostalgia drive Bell and the father to seek for a prophetic vision, for stability in the past to deal with the threats in the present, which appears in the narrative structures of each novel.

La période entre 338 et 290 av. J.-C. fut un tournant pour Rome, car elle vit la soumission des Latins et la défaite des Samnites, ce qui permit à l’Urbs de devenir la première puissance italique. On assista donc à l’avènement d’un impérialisme romain. Se pose alors la question de l’idéologie d’État de cette Rome en transition. Comme cette expansion fut accompagnée par la construction, à Rome, de dix nouveaux temples, souvent dédiés à des divinités nouvelles, et que toute divinité exprimait une idéologie, il nous a semblé possible de reconstituer, dans ses grands traits, cette idéologie d’État grâce aux nouvelles divinités et leurs sanctuaires. Nous avons donc choisi d’analyser deux nouveaux temples : celui de Quirinus et celui de Victoria. Le choix de Quirinus s’explique par le fait que ce dieu avait, on l’a montré, déjà été assimilé à Romulus ; quant à Victoria, on l’a choisie pour trois raisons : elle était une déesse de la victoire ; son temple fut élevé au-Dessus du Lupercal, au cœur même de la « Rome de Romulus » ; grâce aux fouilles de P. Pensabene, on peut reconstituer son sanctuaire. Puis, on a analysé les deux temples et leurs divinités à travers les concepts (cadre social de la mémoire, mémoire collective) issus de la sociologie de M. Halbwachs. On a ainsi constaté qu’à travers ces temples, l’élite dirigeante avait diffusé auprès du peuple une nouvelle identité collective affirmant le caractère exceptionnel de Rome et contenant l’idée d’une expansion illimitée de l’Urbs. Cette création d’une identité romaine impérialiste se fondant sur Romulus et la religion en général, on peut l’interpréter comme la construction d’un destin collectif pour Rome. / The period between 338 and 290 B.C. saw a sea change for Rome, because the subjugation of the Latins and the defeat of the Samnites allowed her to become the main italic power, and witnessed the advent of a roman imperialism. In this context arises the problem of the state ideology of this Rome in transition. As this expansion was accompanied by the construction of ten new temples in Rome, frequently consecrated to new deities, each of them expressing a specific ideology, we thought it possible to reconstruct the new state ideology through an analysis of the deities and shrines in question. So, for our study, we chose two new temples, those of Quirinus and of Victoria. Quirinus because of his assimilation to Romulus, Victoria because she was a deity of victory; her shrine was built above the Lupercal, at the heart of the “Rome of Romulus”; and because her temple can be reconstructed thanks to the excavations of P. Pensabene. Then we analyzed the two temples and their godheads through concepts (social frame of memory; collective memory) taken from the sociology of M. Halbwachs. In this way we came to the conclusion that, through these two shrines, the ruling élite had tried to communicate to the common people a new collective identity promoting the exceptionality of Rome and her unlimited powers of expansion. This construction of an imperialistic roman identity being based on Romulus and the religion in general, one can interpret it as construction of a collective destiny for Rome.