This thesis is not intended for those who regard practical problems as something to be talked about. It is not for those who believe that every question has an objective, absolute, or interpretable answer. It is not intended for the individual who knows what happiness is, in that the very definition of happiness is not to be found; at best only suggested. It is not intended solely for Eastern thought. It is not intended solely for Western thought - it is intended for both. Most importantly, this thesis attempts to exclude the esoteric language common in the philosophical discipline. Arthur Schopenhauer once said that one should use common words to say uncommon things. This thesis is intended for both the common and the uncommon reader, as is the subject - Happiness. Simply stated, this thesis is an exploration into why the contemporary notion of how one should best pursue happiness is flawed. This exploration shall encompass a vast array of subjects, many now far departed from the philosophical tradition. In by neglecting these deeper, sometimes more intimate forms of inquiry, is to waste a central resource for the study of philosophy; let alone a study on happiness. From this, I take a particular interest in culture. And, regarding America's contemporary culture, I hold, that we make a distinction between behaviors that bring true happiness and behaviors that only make you feel happy. For this reason, my thesis is as followed: The 21st century’s primary conflict is not the poverty in plenty but the unhappiness brought in the pursuit of pleasure by most. I hold that the current American model of what brings happiness is in direct contradiction to what it takes for actually being happy. In short, there is ongoing contradiction between restraint and freedom, between adversity and fulfillment, and between the individual and the whole. We pursued freedom but we now live in a world that is more monitored, and more subjected to a network of small complicated rules that strangle freedom. We pursued happiness and it leads to resentment, it leads to pathological disease, and it leads to even more unhappiness. We pursed happiness within, and forget that happiness is only real when shared. In sum, my attempt is to elucidate the themes, problems, and contradictions within today’s pursuit disclosed on the - Horizon of Happiness.

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This study aimed to investigate the reasons that players play the online game of Happy Farm(HF) on facebook, and to investigate the relationship among disinhibition, conformity and Internet addiction of HF¡¦s players. Data was collected from a sample of 298 players who played on HF. Instruments include three types of measures, HF Disinhibition Scale, HF Conformity Scale and HF Internet Addiction Scale. Data analysis methods included Descriptive statistics, Independent-Samples T Test, One-way ANOVA, MANOVA, Pearson correlation, and Multiple Regression Analysis. The findings from the study were summarized as follows: (a)There were more female players are more than male players on HF. (b)The main reason for the players to play HF is to kill time. (c) Players of HF did not show a tendency of disinhibition, conformity and Internet addiction .(d)There was a significantly positive correlation between disinhibition and Internet addiction on HF. (e) There was a significantly positive correlation between conformity and Internet addiction on HF. (f) Self-disclosure and compliance were the most significant predictor to predict Internet addiction on HF.

I denna rapport tas ett problem till sjöss upp, nämligen alkohol. Alkoholgränsen i ‰ (promille) på sjön går vid 1,0 ‰ och med bil går gränsen vid 0,2 ‰. Detta ämne är aktuellt då det figurerat tv-program såsom Kustbevakarna som visat hur alkoholpåverkade människor tagits om hand av Kustbevakningens personal (www.kanal5.se). Med detta i åtanke ges här ett designförslag på en alkolåsmodul att ha i fritidsbåtar. Modulen ska vara enkel att använda och inte vara till belastning. Meningen med alkolåset är att förhindra att alkoholpåverkade människor ska kunna skadar sig själva eller någon i sin omgivning på grund av ouppmärksamhet eller vårdslöshet. Alla ombord borde ha sin egen uppgift för att harmonin ”Happy Ship” (”glatt skepp”) ska infinna sig. Studien om alkolåsmodulen innefattar enkäter och intervjuer med användare för att få en så oberoende syn på både design och funktion som möjligt. Till vår hjälp hade vi ett teoretiskt ramverk som kallas Aktivitetsteori (AT). Resultatet blev ett designförslag på ett alkolås kombinerat med förarintyg. Förarintyget sätts i alkolåsmodulens kortläsare och ska sitta där under hela resans gång. Detta designförslag kan ge bättre förutsättningar för en säkrare sjöfart då föraren måste blåsa i alkolåset, samt inneha ett giltigt förarintyg för att få klartecken att starta båten. Har föraren alkohol i utandingen kommer farten regleras med hänsyn till vilken promillehalt föraren hade. Försäkringspremien kan också komma att antingen sänkas, om inloggningarna varit utan alkohol, eller höjas om inloggningar visar att alkohol funnits i utandningen eller ej. Denna premieåtgärd gjordes för att båten vid extrema väderförhållanden eller vid eventuell olycka, måste kunna flyttas. Till alkolåsmodulen gavs också ett förslag på hur inloggningen kom att fungera med sina olika rutor i administrationen. / In this report we address a problem at sea, namely alcohol. The limit at sea measured in ‰ (permille) is at 1,0 ‰ but in a car the limit is 0,2 ‰. This topic is relevant and it has also been brought up in a TV-show that showed people under the influence of alcohol being taken care of by the coastguard (www.kanal5.se). With this in mind we're presenting a design proposal of an alcolock module to install in pleasure boats. The module should be simple to use and not to be seen as a burden. The purpose of this alcolock is to prevent people under the influence of alcohol from hurting themselves or others in their environment due to inattention or recklessness. Everyone onboard should have their own assignments to create the harmony of “Happy Ship”. The study of the alcolock module consists of surveys and interviews with the users to get as close to an independent view as possible regarding design and function, without our influence. To aid us, we used a theoretic framework called Activity Theory (AT). The result was a design proposal of an alcolock combined with a drivers license. The drivers license is inserted in the card reader of the alcolock module and will remain there for the duration of the trip. This design proposal might result in a safer environment at sea, since the operator has to breathe in the alcolock, and possess a valid drivers licence to be able to start the boat. If the operator has alcohol on his/her breath the speed will be reduced with consideration of the amount of alcohol. The insurance policy might also either be reduced or increased, depending on if there were alcohol on the operators breath or not. The reason for this is that the boat has to be movable in case of bad weather or an accident. There was also a suggestion to how the log on process would work with the different administrational pages.

”Happy, happy, liksom” handlar om tvåsamhetsnormen och hur den (re)produceras i den samtida svenska kulturen. Uppsatsen tar sin utgångspunkt i feministisk teori, bland annat normkritik, socialkonstruktivism och teorier om heteronormativitet, och applicerar dem på en debatt om skilsmässa som pågick i svensk dags- och fackpress under hösten 2011. Debatten utlöstes av boken Happy Happy: En bok om skilsmässa, red. Maria Sveland och Katarina Wennstam. Empirin består av ett antal artiklar som publicerades i svenska tidningar under debattens gång. Av dessa artiklar har jag gjort en kritisk diskursanalys i syfte att ta reda på hur vår kultur (re)producerar tvåsamheten, samt för att belysa och kritisera tvåsamhetsnormen. Detta gjordes utifrån frågeställningar om hur tvåsamhetens konstrueras i reaktioner på avvikelser mot normen, hur betydelsen av fenomenet skilsmässa yttrar sig i upprätthållandet av tvåsamhetsnormen samt vilka teman och begrepp som återkommer hos skribenterna i deras tal om tvåsamhet. Jag fann i min undersökning att fenomenet tvåsamhet (och tvåsamhetsnormen) sällan uttalas explicit men ändå genomsyrar stora delar av debatten om skilsmässa, äktenskap och familj. Tvåsamheten premieras av samhället, både i lag och socialt, och är starkt sammankopplat med heteronormativiteten. Avvikelser mot normen får både praktiska (ekonomiska) och sociala konsekvenser.

<p>I denna rapport tas ett problem till sjöss upp, nämligen alkohol. Alkoholgränsen i ‰ (promille) på sjön går vid 1,0 ‰ och med bil går gränsen vid 0,2 ‰. Detta ämne är aktuellt då det figurerat tv-program såsom Kustbevakarna som visat hur alkoholpåverkade människor tagits om hand av Kustbevakningens personal (www.kanal5.se). Med detta i åtanke ges här ett designförslag på en alkolåsmodul att ha i fritidsbåtar. Modulen ska vara enkel att använda och inte vara till belastning. Meningen med alkolåset är att förhindra att alkoholpåverkade människor ska kunna skadar sig själva eller någon i sin omgivning på grund av ouppmärksamhet eller vårdslöshet. Alla ombord borde ha sin egen uppgift för att harmonin ”Happy Ship” (”glatt skepp”) ska infinna sig.</p><p>Studien om alkolåsmodulen innefattar enkäter och intervjuer med användare för att få en så oberoende syn på både design och funktion som möjligt. Till vår hjälp hade vi ett teoretiskt ramverk som kallas Aktivitetsteori (AT).</p><p>Resultatet blev ett designförslag på ett alkolås kombinerat med förarintyg. Förarintyget sätts i alkolåsmodulens kortläsare och ska sitta där under hela resans gång. Detta designförslag kan ge bättre förutsättningar för en säkrare sjöfart då föraren måste blåsa i alkolåset, samt inneha ett giltigt förarintyg för att få klartecken att starta båten. Har föraren alkohol i utandingen kommer farten regleras med hänsyn till vilken promillehalt föraren hade. Försäkringspremien kan också komma att antingen sänkas, om inloggningarna varit utan alkohol, eller höjas om inloggningar visar att alkohol funnits i utandningen eller ej. Denna premieåtgärd gjordes för att båten vid extrema väderförhållanden eller vid eventuell olycka, måste kunna flyttas. Till alkolåsmodulen gavs också ett förslag på hur inloggningen kom att fungera med sina olika rutor i administrationen.</p> / <p>In this report we address a problem at sea, namely alcohol. The limit at sea measured in ‰ (permille) is at 1,0 ‰ but in a car the limit is 0,2 ‰. This topic is relevant and it has also been brought up in a TV-show that showed people under the influence of alcohol being taken care of by the coastguard (www.kanal5.se). With this in mind we're presenting a design proposal of an alcolock module to install in pleasure boats. The module should be simple to use and not to be seen as a burden. The purpose of this alcolock is to prevent people under the influence of alcohol from hurting themselves or others in their environment due to inattention or recklessness. Everyone onboard should have their own assignments to create the harmony of “Happy Ship”.</p><p>The study of the alcolock module consists of surveys and interviews with the users to get as close to an independent view as possible regarding design and function, without our influence. To aid us, we used a theoretic framework called Activity Theory (AT).</p><p>The result was a design proposal of an alcolock combined with a drivers license. The drivers license is inserted in the card reader of the alcolock module and will remain there for the duration of the trip.</p><p>This design proposal might result in a safer environment at sea, since the operator has to breathe in the alcolock, and possess a valid drivers licence to be able to start the boat. If the operator has alcohol on his/her breath the speed will be reduced with consideration of the amount of alcohol. The insurance policy might also either be reduced or increased, depending on if there were alcohol on the operators breath or not. The reason for this is that the boat has to be movable in case of bad weather or an accident. There was also a suggestion to how the log on process would work with the different administrational pages.</p>

Laimė sociologijoje dar nėra labai plačiai plėtojama ar įterpiama moksliniuose tyrimuose. Tačiau laimės samprata pasireiškia daugelyje aspektų ir neturi vienareikšmio apibrėžimo. O kiekviena mokslinė sritis pateikia savas sampratas. Taip pat aktualus lieka visuomenėje ir socialinis konstravimas, kuris parodo, kad laimės samprata taip pat yra socialiai konstruojama. Todėl iškeltas probleminis klausimas: Kaip konstruojama laimės samprata Lietuvos žiniasklaidoje? Tikslas: Išanalizuoti laimės sampratos konstravimą Lietuvos žiniasklaidoje. Pasiekiant tikslą, atskleidžiama sociologinė laimės samprata ir jos komponentai, apibūdinamas lietuvių laimingumas/nelaimingumas, apibūdinama konstruktyvistinė laimės samprata, analizuojama ir atskleidžiama Lietuvos žiniasklaidoje konstruojama laimės samprata. Taikyta mokslinės literatūros ir antrinių duomenų analizė, žiniasklaidos kiekybinė ir kokybinė turinio analizė. Tyrimo rezultatai: Laimės samprata Lietuvos internetinėje žiniasklaidoje yra konstruojama pateikiant gyvenimo istorijas, aprašant patarimus kaip siekti laimės, naudojant duomenis ir jas interpretuojant, pateiktus kitų šaltinių ar mokslinių tyrimų. Pateikiami laimės komponentai, kurie yra įvairūs, jų yra daug ir jie gali būti kintami. Kadangi tai, kas tinka vieniems yra nurodoma, bet tai nėra tinkama visiems. Kiekvienas individas taip pat turi savo laimės komponentus ar tikslus kaip jos siekti. Todėl laimė nors ir yra socialiai konstruojamas procesas, bet ji priklauso nuo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Happiness in sociology hasn’t been developed or integrated in academic researches. However, a concept of happiness is reflected in several aspects and can’t be defined unambiguously. Each academic branch introduces its concepts. Moreover, social constructing stays relevant as well as it shows that a concept of happiness could be socially constructed, too. Problematic question: Happiness concept construction in Lithuanian media. Aim: to analyze happiness concept construction in Lithuanian media. In order to achieve the aim, a sociological concept of happiness is been revealed together with its components, also feeling being happy/unhappy in Lithuanians, a constructive happiness concept have been defined, a concept of happiness, constructed in Lithuanian media has been analyzed and revealed. Methods: analysis of academic and secondary data source, media quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Results: the concept of happiness in Lithuanian Internet media is constructed by introducing life stories, explaining how to gain happiness, using and interpreting data from other sources and academic researches. The presented components of happiness differ, change and their number is rather high, as ones, presented as suitable for one group, do not suit for everybody. Each person has his/her own happiness components and ways to achieve it, so despite the fact, happiness is a socially constructed process, it depends on goals and their implementation, demands and freedom of choice... [to full text]

La Mort heureuse, la première tentative romanesque d’Albert Camus publiée à titre posthume en 1971, est fréquemment négligée dans les critiques de son œuvre à cause de l’acceptation générale de l’échec littéraire de ce roman. Cependant, il contient beaucoup d’éléments bien travaillés et présente clairement la philosophie de la vie du jeune écrivain durant ces années. Dans ce travail, nous avons essayé de tirer les particularités de cette philosophie du texte en examinant l’évolution de son personnage principal. Dans sa quête du bonheur et d’une vie remplie, nous avons découvert une vision étendue de la relation absolue entre le bonheur, le temps et la vie aussi qu’une litanie d’autres thèmes qui se répètent à travers toute la carrière de Camus. Cette thèse bouche alors un grand trou dans la critique camusienne en remettant en valeur ce roman et son message.

Oscar Wilde’s fairytales have been read to children for more than a century. Nevertheless, since the time of their publication in 1888 and 1891, the target audience of The Happy Prince and Other Tales and A House of Pomegranates have been the concern of critics. Delving into the context behind the rich and colourful imagery, one can find implications of homosexuality, the Paterian aesthetic and religious connotations. According to Carol Tattersall, The Happy Prince and Other Tales successfully mislead the public that it is innocent of any intention to undermine established standards of living or writing. Tattersall’s argument is based on comparing the first collection to Wilde’s second, A House of Pomegranates, which was perceived as “offensive and immoral” (136). On the other hand, William Butler Yeats states in his introduction to The Complete Works of Oscar Wilde that overall the reviewers of The Happy Prince and Other Tales were hostile because of Wilde’s aesthetic views (ixxvi). But Yeats overlooks the fact that Wilde was very pleased and proud, dashing notes to friends and reviewers and signing copies to many people (Tattersall 129). In general, the reception of Wilde’s first collection was more positive than that of the second because it was milder and more subtle in its controversial themes.

Since the theory of paternalistic leadership was established, an increasing number of empirical studies have proved that Chinese of enterprises in the organization does have a unique act of paternalistic leadership. So a leader in the leadership behavior displayed at the same time, their subordinates would die behavior, such as: authoritarian leadership: dependence and compliance, benevolence leadership: gratitude and repay, moral leadership: respect and identification. However, it has been for years of paternalistic leadership research, mostly emphasis in leadership behavior and performance of their subordinates, but less emotion involved subordinates reaction. Therefore, the study director of the paternalistic leadership and subordinate emotion, respectively in charge of the authoritarian leadership behaviors and subordinates anger and shame response to emotional responses, benevolence leadership behaviors and subordinates happy emotional responses, moral leadership behaviors and subordinates respect emotional responses, to explore the tradition of his subordinates on the emotional reaction of the psychological adjustment; and subordinates own sense of perception, to discusse the subordinate changes in emotional responses relationship. Total valid 300 subordinates to carry out research are found that: (a) the traditional psychological adjustment subordinates will anger and shame response to emotional responses; traditional psychological reaction to the anger was not significant, but a significant emotional reaction of shame. (B) Subordinates own consciousness and traditional psychological adjustment subordinates at the same time anger and shame response to emotional responses; high traditional subordinate own psychological, emotional reaction of shame have a significant effect of regulation.Finally, direction for follow-up studies are offered,the implications for leadership theory and practice are also discussed.