O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar Colocações Lexicais Especializadas (CLEs) da Hemodinâmica que apresentam bases nominais, por meio da Teoria Sentido-Texto. CLEs são colocações (agrupamentos lexicais) típicas de linguagem especializada que contém em sua constituição uma unidade terminológica, que pode ou não ser a base, além de elementos chamados de colocados, que são especificadores ou caracterizadores da base. Colocados são sempre selecionados em função da base. Além disso, outra forte característica das CLEs é o seu caráter semicomposicional ou fortemente composicional. Assim, para realizar tal objetivo, metodologicamente, escolhemos selecionar 37 CLEs a partir de termos típicos do Vocabulário Panlatino de Hemodinâmica da Realiter. A fim de constatar que os termos escolhidos participavam de colocações ativas na área, recorremos a artigos científicos (pesquisados na plataforma SciELO). Os artigos serviram de fonte para extrairmos as provas textuais das CLEs analisadas e para a formulação das definições dessas CLEs A análise dos dados permitiu que identificássemos as seguintes características das CLEs da Hemodinâmica: (i) quanto à extensão dos elementos (CLEs têm de 2 a 5 elementos); (ii) sobre a característica dos termos que exerciam papel de base nas CLEs examinadas (constituíram núcleos cem por cento nominais); (iii) sobre as características do complemento da base (complementos adjetivais, a maioria, e preposicionais); (iv) quanto aos tipos de Funções Lexicais (FLs) (adjetivais aplicadas a bases com complemento adjetival, preposicionais aplicadas a bases com complemento preposicional); (v) quanto à complexidade da FL (uso apenas de FL simples); e, por fim, (vi) sobre a necessidade de acréscimo de informação à FLs standards (em todos os casos houve acréscimo de informações para completar o sentido da definição, isto é, lançamos mão de FLs não-standards). / This study aims to analyze Specialized Lexical Combinations (SLCs) of Hemodynamic, with nominal base, through Meaning-Text Theory. SLCs are typical collocations (lexical groups) of specialized language that contain in their constitution a terminological unit, which may or may not be a base, in addition to elements called collocatives which are specifiers or characterizers of the base. Collocatives are always selected as a function of the base. In addition, another strong feature of SLCs is your semicomposicional or strongly compositional character. Thus, to achieve this goal, methodologically, we selected the 37 SLCs from typical terms present in the ‘Vocabulário Planlatino de Hemodinâmica’ of Realiter. In order to verify that the chosen terms participate in active placements in the area, we resorted to scientific articles from SciELO platform. The articles served as a source for extracting textual evidence for SLCs and formulating the definitions of SLCs. The analysis of the admissible data identifies the following characteristics of Hemodynamic SLCs: (i) the extension of the elements; (ii) the feature of terms that play the hole of base in the SLCs examined; (iii) the characteristics of the base complement; (iv) the types of Lexical Functions applied in the SLCs; (v) the complexity of LFs applied; and finally (vi) the necessity to increase information in the LFs standard (in all cases, there was added information to complete the meaning of the definition, we applied non-standard LFs).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:20:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lopes_pcf_dr_jabo.pdf: 913328 bytes, checksum: efbc4209053a9d5baf857b73e739ed21 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Avaliaram-se os efeitos da infusão contínua de propofol ou tiopental sobre os parâmetros respiratórios, hemodinâmicos, hemogasométricos e do índice biespectral em cães portadores de hipertensão pulmonar (HP) induzida pela serotonina (5-HT). Utilizaram-se 20 cães adultos SRD, machos ou fêmeas, distribuídos em dois grupos de dez animais denominados grupo propofol (GP, n= 10) e grupo tiopental (GT, n = 10). O peso médio dos cães no GP foi 11,8 ± 1,8 kg e no GT 10,6 ± 2,7 kg. O propofol foi empregado na indução (8 ± 0,03 mg/kg) e manutenção da anestesia (0,8 mg/kg/min) no GP, e o tiopental foi utilizado para indução (22 ± 2,92 mg/kg) seguido por infusão contínua (0,5 mg/kg/min) no GT. Em seguida, a ventilação mecânica ciclada a tempo foi iniciada. A HP foi induzida pela administração de 5-HT em bolus (10 μg/kg) seguido por infusão contínua (1 mg/kg/h) na artéria pulmonar. As mensurações dos parâmetros tiveram início antes da aplicação (M0) e após 30 minutos da administração da 5-HT (M30), seguida de intervalos de 15 minutos (M45, M60, M75 e M90). As variáveis foram submetidas à Análise de Perfil (p<0,05). O coeficiente de Pearson foi calculado em ambos os grupos para determinar a correlação entre mistura arteriovenosa (Qs/Qt) e diferença de tensão entre o oxigênio alveolar e o arterial (AaDO2), entre Qs/Qt e o índice respiratório (IR), entre Qs/Qt e a relação artérioalveolar (a/A) e entre Qs/Qt e o índice de oxigenção (IO). Os resultados mostraram que a indução da HP alterou as variáveis hemogasométricas, respiratórias, a frequência cardíaca (FC), sendo registradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos... / The effects of continuous infusion of propofol or thiopental on respiratory, hemodynamic, blood-gas parameters and on bispectral index, in dogs induced to pulmonary hypertension (PH) by serononin (5-HT), were evaluated. Twenty adult mongrel dogs, male or female, were randomly assigned into two groups composed by ten animals: propofol group (PG, n = 10) and thiopental group (TG, n= 10). In PG, dogs weighing 11.8 ± 1.8 kg and in TG, 10.6 ± 2.7 kg. Propofol was used for induction (8 ± 0.03 mg/kg) and maintenance of anesthesia (0.8 mg/kg/minute) in PG. Thiopental was used for induction (22 ± 2.92 mg/kg) followed by continuous infusion (0.5 mg/kg/minute) in TG. Mechanical ventilation using time cycled was started. PH was induced by administration of a serotonin (5-HT) bolus (10 μg/kg) followed by continuous infusion (1 mg/kg/hour) in the pulmonary artery. The parameters were measured before administration of 5-HT (T0), after 30 minutes (T30) and, then, at 15-minute intervals (T45, T60, T75 and T90). Numeric data were submitted to Profile analysis (P<0.05). Pearson’s coefficient was calculated in both groups to determine the correlation between venous admixture (Qs/Qt) and alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference (AaDO2), between Qs/Qt and respiratory index (RI), between Qs/Qt and alveolo-arterial ratio (a/A) and between Qs/Qt and oxygenation index (IO) ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito do consumo diário de suco de laranja pasteurizado sobre o estado nutricional, perfil lipídico, glicêmico e hemodinânico de 21 mulheres e 20 homens funcionários de uma universidade privada no município de São José do Rio Preto (SP). As mulheres receberam 500 mL de suco de laranja pasteurizado por dia e os homens 750 mL durante 8 semanas. Os métodos utilizados para a avaliação antropométrica foram: peso, altura, dobra cutânea tricipital, circunferência do braço e circunferência da cintura. Para a avaliação bioquímica foram realizadas dosagens de colesterol total, colesterol de HDL, triglicérides e glicemia. Para a avaliação hemodinâmica foram verificadas a pressão arterial sistólica e a diastólica. E para a avaliação dietética foi utilizado o recordatório alimentar de 24 horas e o questionário de freqüência alimentar. Todas as avaliações foram realizadas antes e após o período experimental. Os resultados mostraram que o colesterol total reduziu em 8,6% entre os homens e 4,8% entre as mulheres e o colesterol de LDL em 8,8% entre os homens e 9,5% entre as mulheres após a ingestão do suco de laranja pasteurizado. O colesterol de HDL aumentou em 4,1% entre as participantes do sexo feminino; e a glicemia de jejum, pressão arterial diastólica e triglicérides diminuíram respectivamente em 4,7%, 7,9% e 9,3% entre os participantes do sexo masculino. Não foram verificadas modificações nas variáveis antropométricas, com exceção da circunferência da cintura que reduziu 2,5% entre as participantes do sexo feminino. O consumo do suco de laranja pasteurizado aumentou a ingestão de energia (23,5%) e carboidratos (29,3%) pelas mulheres; de vitamina C em 261,9% pelos homens e 72,1% pelas mulheres; e de folato em 53,2% pelos homens e 38,7% pelas mulheres. A análise sensorial mostrou que os participantes aprovaram... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study aimed at analyzing the effect of daily consumption of pasteurized orange juice on the nutritional status and glycemic, lipid and hemodynamic profiles of 20 men and 21 women employees of a private university in the city of São José do Rio Preto (SP). Women received 500 mL of pasteurized orange juice daily and men, 750 mL, for 8 weeks. The used methods for the anthropometric evaluation were: weight, height, triceps skinfold, arm circumference and waist circumference. For the biochemical evaluation were performed measurements of total cholesterol, cholesterol of high density lipoprotein, triglycerids and glycemia. For the hemodynamic evaluation, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was verified. For the dietetics evaluation was used the 24-hour food recollection and food frequency questionnaire. All evaluations were taken before and after the experimental period. The results have shown that the total cholesterol reduced 8,6% among men and 4,8% among women and cholesterol of low-density lipoprotein 8,8% among men and 9,5% among women after pasteurized orange juice ingestion. Cholesterol of high density lipoprotein has increased in 4,1% among the female participants, and fasting glycemia, diastolic blood pressure and triglycerids have decreased respectively in 4,7%, 7,9% and 9,3% among the male. Alterations on anthropometric variables were not shown, except on waist circumference, which has reduced 2,5% among female participants. Pasteurized orange juice consumption has increased women's intake of energy (23,5%) and carbohydrates (29,3%) by women; the vitamin C in 261,9% by men and 72,1% by women; and folate in 53,2% by men and 38,7% by women. Sensory analysis has shown participants approved the quality of the product and added it easily to their regular diet. In brief, the study has shown that the regular ingestion of pasteurized orange juice, with daily doses of 500 mL for... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Thaïs Borges César / Coorientador: João Bosco Faria / Banca: Thaïs Borges César / Banca: Nancy Preising Aptekmann Sgobi Bonifácio / Banca: Maria Rita Marques de Oliveira / Banca: Magali Conceição Monteiro da Silva / Banca: Anderson Marliere Navarro / Doutor

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No. of bitstreams: 1 ngomane_ay_me_bauru.pdf: 2295778 bytes, checksum: dba007f9b3523a14fa681d827b6b4c1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-26 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Introdução: A promoção da prática regular de exercícios físicos é uma das principais metas globais de inúmeras sociedades médicas para prevenção e controle de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, sendo uma das principais terapêuticas para o paciente com hipertensão arterial sistêmica. O exercício físico em piscina aquecida tem surgido como uma potencial alternativa ao exercício físico em solo para a redução da pressão arterial (PA) de pacientes hipertensos. Entretanto, seus efeitos agudos sobre a PA ambulatorial, bem como sobre variáveis hemodinâmicas envolvidas no controle da PA de idosos hipertensos não têm sido investigados. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos agudos de uma sessão de exercício físico em piscina aquecida (EPA) versus exercício físico em solo (ES) sobre a PA, rigidez arterial, função endotelial e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em idosos hipertensos. Metodologia: 15 idosos hipertensos (idade superior a 60 anos) de ambos os sexos, sedentários e em tratamento farmacológico anti-hipertensivo, foram submetidos a uma sessão de EPA, ES e controle sem exercício (CON) em ordem randomizada (2 a 5 dias de intervalo entre as intervenções) e tiveram a PA, rigidez arterial, função endotelial e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca analisadas antes, imediatamente após e 45 minutos após cada intervenção, enquanto que a PA ambulatorial foi analisada durante 24 horas após cada intervenção. As sessões de EPA e ES consistiram de 30 min de exercícios aeróbios com intensidade entre relativamente fácil e ligeiramente cansativo na escala de percepção subjetiva de esforço de Borg, enquanto que a sessão CON consistiu de 30 min de repouso na posição sentada. Resultados: Houve redução da PA (9,9 ± 3,1 mmHg; P < 0,01) 45 min após EPA, mas não após ES e CON, quando comparado aos valores pré-intervenção. A análise da PA ambulatorial demonstrou que apenas a sessão de EPA reduziu (P < 0.05) a PA sistólica 24-h (EPA: 118 ± 3,0 mmHg; ES: 123 ± 3,3 mmHg; CON: 123 ± 3,7 mmHg), de vigília (EPA: 120 ± 3,1 mmHg; ES: 124 ± 3,2 mmHg; CON: 125 ± 3,5 mmHg) e sono (EPA: 114 ± 3,1 mmHg; ES: 120 ± 3,9 mmHg; CON:119 ± 4,3 mmHg), bem como a PA diastólica 24-h (EPA: 72 ± 2,4 mmHg; ES:75 ± 2,9 mmHg; CON: 74 ± 2,9 mmHg) e de vigília (EPA: 74 ± 2,9 mmHg; ES: 77 ± 3,0 mmHg; CON 76 ± 2,9 mmHg), enquanto que a PA diastólica de sono não reduziu após ambas as sessões de exercício. A magnitude de redução da PA após EPA em comparação a sessão CON variou de 4,5 ± 1,3 mmHg (PA diastólica 24-h) à 9,5 ± 3,0 mmHg (PA sistólica de sono), e perdurou de maneira significativa até a 17a hora pós-intervenção, para a PA sistólica e até a 10a hora pós-intervenção, para a PA diastólica. Não houve alteração significativa VOP carótido-femoral, função endotelial e VFC durante as intervenções, bem como entre as intervenções. Conclusão: Apenas a sessão de EPA foi efetiva para reduzir a PA de repouso e ambulatorial, sugerindo que o exercício físico em piscina aquecida pode ter importantes implicações para controle da PA de idosos hipertensos em tratamento farmacológico. / Background: Physical exercise promotion is one of the main global goals of innumerous health and medical societies for preventing and managing non communicable chronic diseases, being one of the main therapeutic for the patient with hypertension. Exercise in heated swimming pool has emerged as a potential alternative to physical exercise on the ground for the reduction of blood pressure (BP) of hypertensive patients, however, its effects on BP and about hemodynamic variables of hypertensive elderly patients have not been investigated. Purpose: Evaluate the acute effects of physical exercise in a heated pool (Hex) versus in land-based (Lb) on pressure, arterial stiffness, endothelial function, and heart rate variability in older hypertensive adults. Methods: 15 hypertensive elderly ( older than 60 years) of both sexes, sedentary and in antihypertensive drug treatment were submitted to a session of Hex, Lb and control without exercise (CON) in random order (2 to 5 days the interval between interventions) and had BP, arterial stiffness, endothelial function and heart rate variability were analyzed before, immediately after and 45 minutes after each intervention, whereas outpatient PA was analyzed for 24 hours after each intervention. The sessions of Hex and Lb consisted of 30 minutes of aerobic exercise with intensity between relatively easy and slightly tiring on the scale of subjective perception of Borg effort, while the CON session consisted of 30 minutes of rest in the sitting position. Results: There was a reduction in BP (9,9 ± 3,1 mmHg; P< 0,01) 45 min after Hex, but not after Lb and CON, when compared to pre-intervention values. Outpatient BP analysis showed that only the Hex session reduced (P < 0.05) systolic BP 24 h (Hex: 118 ± 3,0 mmHg; Lb: 123 ± 3,3 mmHg; CON: 123 ± 3,7 mmHg), daytime systolic (Hex: 120 ± 3,1 mmHg; Lb: 124 ± 3,2 mmHg; CON: 125 ± 3,5 mmHg) and nighttime systolic (Hex: 114 ± 3,1 mmHg; Lb: 120 ± 3,9 mmHg; CON:119 ± 4,3 mmHg), as well as 24-h diastolic BP (Hex: 72 ± 2,4 mmHg; Lb:75 ± 2,9 mmHg; CON: 74 ± 2,9 mmHg) and daytime systolic (Hex: 74 ± 2,9 mmHg; Lb: 77 ± 3,0 mmHg; CON 76 ± 2,9 mmHg), while nighttime diastolic BP did not decrease after both exercise sessions. The magnitude of BP reduction after EPA compared to the CON session ranged from 4.5 ± 1.3 mmHg (24-h diastolic BP ) to 9.5 ± 3.0 mmHg (nighttime systolic BP), and persisted significant difference up to the 17th postoperative hour for systolic BP and up to the 10th postoperative hour for diastolic BP. There was no significant change in carotid-femoral VOP, endothelial function and HRV during interventions, as well as between interventions. Conclusion: Only the Hex session was effective in reducing BP at rest and in the outpatient setting, suggesting that physical exercise in a heated pool may have important implications for BP control of elderly hypertensive patients undergoing pharmacological treatment. / 2015/09259-2

O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar Colocações Lexicais Especializadas (CLEs) da Hemodinâmica que apresentam bases nominais, por meio da Teoria Sentido-Texto. CLEs são colocações (agrupamentos lexicais) típicas de linguagem especializada que contém em sua constituição uma unidade terminológica, que pode ou não ser a base, além de elementos chamados de colocados, que são especificadores ou caracterizadores da base. Colocados são sempre selecionados em função da base. Além disso, outra forte característica das CLEs é o seu caráter semicomposicional ou fortemente composicional. Assim, para realizar tal objetivo, metodologicamente, escolhemos selecionar 37 CLEs a partir de termos típicos do Vocabulário Panlatino de Hemodinâmica da Realiter. A fim de constatar que os termos escolhidos participavam de colocações ativas na área, recorremos a artigos científicos (pesquisados na plataforma SciELO). Os artigos serviram de fonte para extrairmos as provas textuais das CLEs analisadas e para a formulação das definições dessas CLEs A análise dos dados permitiu que identificássemos as seguintes características das CLEs da Hemodinâmica: (i) quanto à extensão dos elementos (CLEs têm de 2 a 5 elementos); (ii) sobre a característica dos termos que exerciam papel de base nas CLEs examinadas (constituíram núcleos cem por cento nominais); (iii) sobre as características do complemento da base (complementos adjetivais, a maioria, e preposicionais); (iv) quanto aos tipos de Funções Lexicais (FLs) (adjetivais aplicadas a bases com complemento adjetival, preposicionais aplicadas a bases com complemento preposicional); (v) quanto à complexidade da FL (uso apenas de FL simples); e, por fim, (vi) sobre a necessidade de acréscimo de informação à FLs standards (em todos os casos houve acréscimo de informações para completar o sentido da definição, isto é, lançamos mão de FLs não-standards). / This study aims to analyze Specialized Lexical Combinations (SLCs) of Hemodynamic, with nominal base, through Meaning-Text Theory. SLCs are typical collocations (lexical groups) of specialized language that contain in their constitution a terminological unit, which may or may not be a base, in addition to elements called collocatives which are specifiers or characterizers of the base. Collocatives are always selected as a function of the base. In addition, another strong feature of SLCs is your semicomposicional or strongly compositional character. Thus, to achieve this goal, methodologically, we selected the 37 SLCs from typical terms present in the ‘Vocabulário Planlatino de Hemodinâmica’ of Realiter. In order to verify that the chosen terms participate in active placements in the area, we resorted to scientific articles from SciELO platform. The articles served as a source for extracting textual evidence for SLCs and formulating the definitions of SLCs. The analysis of the admissible data identifies the following characteristics of Hemodynamic SLCs: (i) the extension of the elements; (ii) the feature of terms that play the hole of base in the SLCs examined; (iii) the characteristics of the base complement; (iv) the types of Lexical Functions applied in the SLCs; (v) the complexity of LFs applied; and finally (vi) the necessity to increase information in the LFs standard (in all cases, there was added information to complete the meaning of the definition, we applied non-standard LFs).

INTRODUÇÃO: Instabilidade hemodinâmica é uma condição comum nos pacientes críticos e usualmente associada aos quadros de choque. O débito cardíaco (DC) é o principal determinante da oferta de oxigênio, e uma importante variável a ser monitorizada nestes pacientes. A diferença arterio-venosa central de dióxido de carbono (△pCO2), é um índice que mostrou-se correlacionar inversamente com o DC em diversos estudos. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o valor prognóstico do △pCO2 (utilizando uma amostra venosa central) em uma série heterogênea de pacientes com instabilidade hemodinâmica. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo observacional conduzido em uma UTI geral de 18 leitos do Complexo Hospitalar da Santa Casa de Porto Alegre. Variáveis hemodinâmicos, coleta de gasometria arterial e venosa central, e lactato, foram realizadas na admissão e após 6, 12, 18 e 24 horas. A gravidade da doença foi avaliada pelo escore APACHE II e a a severidade da disfunção orgânica pelo escore SOFA. RESULTADOS: 60 pacientes foram analisados. A mortalidade ao fim de 28 dias foi de 43% (26/60). Não se observou diferença entre os valores médios de △pCO2 entre sobreviventes e óbitos em 28 dias. O tempo de permanência na UTI foi maior entre os pacientes com um △pCO2 “alargado”. Os valores médios de saturação venosa central de oxigênio (SvcO2) foram maiores no subgrupo de pacientes com △pCO2 normal. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo mostrou que o △pCO2, em pacientes com instabilidade hemodinâmica, está relacionado com desfecho secundários importantes como uma maior permanência em UTI. A explicação fisiológica para isso deve-se a uma maior redução no fluxo sanguíneo (como sugerido por uma SvcO2 mais baixa) causando uma oferta inadequada de oxigênio na fase aguda da doença, resultando em maior tempo de recuperação. / BACKGROUND: Hemodynamic instability is a common condition in critically ill patients and is usually associated with shock. Cardiac output (CO) is the major determinant of oxygen supply and an important variable to be monitored in these patients. The venousarterial difference of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (△pCO2) ,is an index that have shown to be inversely correlate with the CO in several studies. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of the △pCO2 (using a central venous sample) in a heterogeneous series of critically ill patients with hemodynamic instability. METHODS: A prospective observational clinical study was conducted in a 18-bed general ICU of the Santa Casa de Porto Alegre Hospital Complex. Hemodynamic measurements, collection of arterial and central venous blood gases, and lactate were performed on admission and after 6 , 12, 18 and 24 hours.The severity of patient’s disease was evaluated by the APACHE II score and the level of organic disfunction was evaluated by the SOFA score. RESULTS: A total of 60 patients were analyzed. The mortality rate at 28 days was 43% (26/60). There was no difference observed in mean △pCO2 between deaths and survivors after 28 days.The ICU stay was longer among patients with “enlarged” △pCO2.Mean central venous oxygen saturation values were higher in patients with normal △pCO2. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the △pCO2 in patients with hemodynamic instability is correlated with important secondary outcomes like higher ICU stay. The physiologic explanation is a reduction on blood flow (as suggested by lower ScvO2) causing a inadequate oxygen tissue delivery in the acute phase of the disease, resulting in a greater recovery time.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-13T13:47:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Albeline Silva de Lacerda.pdf: 765473 bytes, checksum: c89c99400df21609a6c505748d7ff4d1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T13:47:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Albeline Silva de Lacerda.pdf: 765473 bytes, checksum: c89c99400df21609a6c505748d7ff4d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The hemodynamic of uterine arteries and the adequate blood supply are important to the uterine physiology. The aim of this study was to determine patterns of flowmetry of uterine arteries using Doppler ultrasonography, in physiologic conditions (estrous cycle) and pathologic (pyometra). The animals (n=56) were distributed in heterogenic samples of each phase of estrous cycle (proestrous – n=7, estrous – n=5, dietrous – n= 19 and anestrous – n=13) or pyometra (n=12). All studied animals were submitted to ultrasound mode B exam, and media uterine artery was identified using Doppler tools. The pulsativity (IP), resistivity (IR) and systole/diastole (S/D) indexes and diastolic end (ED), systolic pick (PS), TAMAX, and heart rhythm (HR) were automatically determined by the ultrasound machine. The results showed that there is no significant difference between analyzed parameters and estrous cycle phases. However, comparing healthy animals in diestrus with pyometra, higher averages (P <0.05) of IP (8.54 ± 5.92) and IR (1.00 ± 0.11) was observed in the healthy compared to those with pyometra (PI = 4.49 ± 2.51 and 0.89 ± IR = 0.13). It was also observed higher mean TAMAX in pyometra (6.09 ± 15.09 cm/s) compared to healthy animals (2.72 ± 1.94 cm/s). With respect to the PS, a tendency (P = 0.07) of higher mean value was observed in pyometra (29.8 ± 15.35 cm/s) compared to healthy animals in diestrus phase (23.08 ± 8.61 cm/s). The other parameters showed no difference between groups. It was concluded that the phases of the estrous cycle do not interfere with hemodynamic parameters. Furthermore, the uterine artery blood flow has increased speed and decreased vascular resistance associated with pyometra. / A hemodinâmica das artérias uterinas e o adequado suprimento sanguíneo são importantes para a fisiologia úterina. Assim, objetivou-se estabelecer relações da condição fisiológica (em diferentes fases do ciclo estral) e patológica (piometra) com os parâmetros hemodinâmicos obtidos pela ultrassonografia Doppler colorido e pulsado, em artérias uterinas médias de cadelas. Foram utilizadas 56 cadelas, divididas em fases do ciclo estral: proestro (n=7), estro (n=5), diestro (n=19) e anestro (n=13); e piometra (n=12). Para o exame ultrassonográfico foi utilizado equipamento portátil (M5, Mindray), com sonda convexa (4–8 MHz), para medir automaticamente os índices de pulsatilidade (IP), resistividade (IR), relação sístole/diástole (S/D), velocidades final diastólica (ED), do pico sistólico (PS) e Velocidade Máxima Média do Ciclo (TAMAX), além da frequência cardíaca (HR). O útero foi identificado na avaliação modo-B e, em seguida acionado o modo Doppler, com ângulo de insonação ≤60º. Os resultados fluxométricos não mostraram diferenças entre as fases do ciclo estral. Porém, quando comparados animais em diestro saudável com os apresentando piometra, maiores médias (P<0,05) de IP (8,54±5,92) e IR (1,00±0,11) ocorreram nos saudáveis comparados aos com piometra (IP = 4,49±2,51 e IR = 0,89±0,13). Também foi observada maior média de TAMAX nos com piometra (6,09±15,09 cm/s) comparada aos saudáveis (2,72±1,94 cm/s). Com relação ao PS, foi observada uma tendência (P=0,07) de maior média nos com piometra (29,8±15,35 cm/s) comparados aos saudáveis na fase de diestro (23,08±8,61 cm/s). Os outros parâmetros não mostraram diferença entre os grupos. Conclui-se que as fases do ciclo estral não interferem nos parâmetros hemodinâmicos estudados. Por outro lado, a artéria uterina média apresenta aumento da velocidade de fluxo sanguíneo e diminuição da resistência vascular associada à piometra.

Abstract Cardiac hypertrophy is the primary adaptive mechanism of the heart to increased workload, though when advanced, it becomes a leading predictor for heart failure and sudden death. The growth stimulus elicited by a hemodynamic load is attributable to a combination of mechanical and neurohumoral factors, but the precise roles of individual growth promoting components are still unclear. This study utilized atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) as model genes with which to investigate the involvement and mechanisms of mechanical stress and peptide growth factors in hypertrophic response of cardiac myocytes. The direct effect of mechanical stretch was studied in two different in vitro models of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. In the first approach, hypo-osmotic swelling -induced stretch increased ANP mRNA levels in atrial cells. In the second model, cyclic mechanical stretch of ventricular cells grown on flexible membranes evoked ANP and BNP gene expression and secretion. The mechanisms of stretch-induced BNP gene expression were studied by measurement of the activities of transcription factors and by utilizing promoter analysis together with site specific mutations. Stretch activated the binding of the transcription factor GATA-4 similarly to pressure overload in vivo. Mutational studies revealed that specific GATA consensus sites on the BNP promoter, in combination with an Nkx-2.5 binding element, were critical for stretch-activated BNP transcription. Importantly, a reduction of GATA-4 protein levels inhibited the stretch-induced hypertrophic response. Both cyclic mechanical stretchin vitro and hemodynamic overload in vivo activated the expression of peptide growth factor bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). The effects of BMP-2 closely resembled those of mechanical stretch including the increase in the expressions of ANP and BNP. Furthermore, the BMP antagonist noggin inhibited the effect of stretch on ANP and BNP. Fibroblast growth factor 1 stimulated ANP synthesis and secretion in a protein kinase C dependent manner. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that mechanical stretch per se is sufficient to activate the hypertrophic gene program in cardiac myocytes. This effect seems to be at least partially mediated by the growth factor BMP-2 acting in a paracrine manner. The activation of the GATA-4 transcription factor, in cooperation with a factor binding to the Nkx-2.5 binding element, is essential for mechanical stretch-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. / Tiivistelmä Sydämen tärkein mukautumiskeino kohonneeseen työmäärään on sydänlihaksen kasvu. Sydänlihaksen liikakasvu on kuitenkin tärkein sydämen vajaatoiminnan ja äkkikuoleman ennustetekijä. Hemodynaamisen ylikuormituksen kasvua edistävä vaikutus on lukuisten mekaanisten ja neurohumoraalisten tekijöiden summa, jossa kunkin yksittäisen tekijän osuus on vielä epäselvä. Tässä väitöskirjatyössä tutkittiin mekaanisen venytyksen ja peptidikasvutekijöiden osuutta ja vaikutusmekanismeja sydämen liikakasvun synnyssä käyttämällä malligeeneinä sydämen eteispeptidiä (ANP) ja B-tyypin natriureettista peptidiä (BNP). Mekaanisen venytyksen välitöntä vaikutusta tutkittiin vastasyntyneen rotan sydänsoluviljelymalleissa. Osmolaliteetin muutoksella aiheutettu venytys lisäsi ANP:n lähetti-RNA-tasoja eteissoluissa. Venyväpohjaisilla kalvoilla kasvatettujen kammiosolujen syklinen venytys stimuloi ANP:n ja BNP:n geeniekspressiota ja eritystä. BNP:n geenisäätelymekanismeja tutkittiin mittaamalla transkriptiotekijöiden aktiivisuutta sekä geeninsiirtokokeilla hyödyntäen muunneltuja BNP:n geenisäätelyalueita. Venytys lisäsi transkriptiotekijä GATA-4:n sitoutumisaktiivisuutta samaan tapaan kuin painekuormitus koe-eläimillä. Tietyt BNP:n säätelyalueen GATA-sitoutumispaikat yhdessä Nkx-2.5:ttä sitovan elementin kanssa osoittautuivat tärkeiksi venytysvasteen kannalta. GATA-4 -proteiinitasojen vähentäminen esti venytyksen aiheuttamaa kasvuvastetta. Sekä syklinen mekaaninen venytys soluviljelykokeissa että hemodynaaminen ylikuormitus koe-eläimillä lisäsivät peptidikasvutekijä bone morphogenetic protein-2:n (BMP-2) geeniekspressiota. BMP-2:n suorat vaikutukset puolestaan muistuttivat läheisesti mekaanisen venytyksen vaikutusta, ANP:n ja BNP:n lisääntynyt geeniekspressio mukaan lukien. BMP-antagonisti noggin esti lisäksi venytyksen vaikutusta ANP:iin ja BNP:iin. Työssä osoitettiin myös, että fibroblastikasvutekijä 1 stimuloi ANP:n synteesiä ja eritystä proteiinikinaasi C:n välityksellä. Yhteenvetona tulokset osoittavat, että mekaaninen venytys itsessään riittää aktivoimaan sydänlihaksen kasvuun liittyvää geeniohjelmaa. Vasteen välittäjänä näyttää kuitenkin ainakin osittain toimivan paikallisesti tuotettu BMP-2. Edelleen, transkriptiotekijä GATA-4 yhdessä Nkx-2.5 -elementtiin sitoutuvan tekijän kanssa osoittautui välttämättömäksi mekaanisen venytyksen aiheuttamalle kasvuvasteelle.

L'objectif général de notre travail de thèse a été d'évaluer le rapport bénéfice/risque cardiovasculaire de l'exercice immergé. L'exercice immergé est contraignant pour le système cardiovasculaire. Il est potentiellement responsable d'une majoration de la perméabilité et/ou du gradient de pression de la barrière alvéolo-capillaire. Cet effet passe par le biais d'un accroissement des charges cardiaque et respiratoire, une sécrétion de peptides natriurétiques et une hémodilution. L'exposition au froid, la consommation d'anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens et la réalisation d'un exercice de forte intensité majorent le risque de survenue d'un oedème pulmonaire d'immersion. L'exercice immergé a également des effets bénéfiques. La pratique d'un sport aquatique aurait le même effet anti-hypertenseur que les activités réalisées en ambiance sèche. Par ailleurs, des différences de sollicitation endothéliale pourraient exister, en fonction des modalités d'exercice ou de la position du sujet. L'exercice immergé pourrait être plus efficace sur la perte de poids et le contrôle des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires métaboliques, par le biais des sécrétions endocrines qu'il induit. Enfin, le réchauffement cutané associé à l'immersion dans une eau thermiquement neutre semble cardio-protecteur. / The aim of our PhD was to hold up the knowledge about risks and benefits of immersed exercise.Immersed exercise is a stress for cardiovascular system. It may result in an increase in permeability and/or pressure gradient, at the level of alveolar-capillary membrane. These effects result from an increase in cardiac and respiratory load, a natriuretic peptide secretion, and hemodilution. Exposure to cold, non-steroïdal anti-inflammatory drugs, and high intensity exercise increase the risk of a pulmonary oedema of immersion occurrence. Immersed exercise also have beneficial effects. Our observatsion suggest that immersed exercise have the hypotensive effects as ambient air exercise. Differences in endothelial stimulation may exist, depending on exercise modalities. Immersed exercise may even be more efficient on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors control than ambient air exercise, through alterations in endocrine secretions. At the end, the global warming of the skin related to immersion in thermoneutral water appears to be cardio-protective.

The aim of this study is to create CFD tools and models capable of simulating pulsatile blood flow in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and stent graft. It helps to increase the current physiological understanding of rupture risk of AAA and stent graft fixation or migration. Firstly, in order to build a general solver for the AAA modeling with reasonable accuracy, a third/fourth order modified OCI scheme is originally developed for general numerical simulation. The modified OCI scheme has a wider cell Reynolds number limitation. This high order scheme performs well with general rectangular mesh for incompressible fluid. Second, a velocity based finite volume method is originally developed to calculate the stress field for solid in order to capture the transient changes of the blood vessel since the artery is a rubber like material. All one, two and three dimensional classical cases for solid are tested and good results are obtained. The velocity based finite volume method show good potential to calculate the stress field for solid and easy to blend with the finite volume fluid solver. It has been recognized that fluid structure interaction (FSI) is very crucial in biomechanics. In this regard, the velocity based finite volume method is then further developed for FSI application. A well known one dimensional piston problem is studied to understand the feasibility of the fluid structure coupling. The numerical prediction matches the analytical solution very well. The velocity based method introduces less numerical damping compared with a stagger method and a monolithic method. Finally, the work focuses on practical pulsatile boundary conditions, non-Newtonian blood viscous properties and bifurcating geometry, and provides an overview of the hemodynamic within the AAA model. A modified Womersley inlet and imbalance pressure outlet boundary conditions are originally used in this study. The Womersley inlet boundary represents better approximation for pulsatile flow compared with the parabolic inlet condition. Numerical results are presented providing comparison between different boundary conditions using different viscous models in both 2D and 3D aneurysms. Good agreement between the numerical predictions and the experimental data is achieved for 2D case. 3D stent models with different bifurcation angles are also tested. The Womersley inlet boundary condition improves the existing inlet conditions significantly and it can reduce the Aneurysm neck computation domain. The influence of the non-Newtonian model to the wall shear stress (WSS) and strain-rate is also studied. The non-Newtonian model tends to produce higher WSS at both proximal and distal end of the aneurysm as compared with the Newtonian model (both 2D and 3D cases). The computed strain-rate distribution at the centre of the aneurysm is different between these two models. The influence of imbalance outlet pressure at the iliac arteries to the blood flow is originally investigated. The imbalance outlet pressure boundary conditions affect the computed wall shear stress significantly near the bifurcation point. All the pulsatile Womersley inlet, non-Newtonian viscosity properties and the imbalance pressure outlet need to be considered in blood flow simulation of AAA.