Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Det vårdvetenskapliga begreppet försoning skapar möjligheter för människan att uppleva emotionell tillfredställelse i livet. Försoning sker inom människan och skapar en möjlighet att förenas med svåra livsöden. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa vad begreppet försoning är och hur det gestaltas i omvårdnad. I resultatet redovisas försoningens olika dimensioner inom människan. Försoning kan gestaltas som ett mänskligt accepterande, som en mänsklig förmåga att återta kontrollen, som ett mänskligt hopp, som en mänsklig förändring och som en mänsklig process. En modell presenteras i resultatet för att visa försoningens olika dimensioner som tillsammans bildar den inre kärnan den oändliga försoningen. De olika dimensionerna av försoning inom människan är i ständig rörelse. Begreppet försoning är inte ett välbeforskat begrepp inom vårdvetenskapen, utan det råder kunskapsluckor kring försoning i omvårdnad. Om mer evidens tas fram om begreppet försoning i omvårdnad, kan sjuksköterskor få redskap att i vårdprocessen förstå och främja försoning hos patienter. / The nursing scientific concept of reconciliation creates an opportunity for people to experience an emotional satisfaction in life. Reconciliation takes place inside the human and creates an opportunity to unite with difficult life situations. The purpose of this study was to explain what reconciliation is and how it takes shape in nursing. The results explain reconciliations different proportions inside the human. Reconciliation can be represented as a human acceptance, as a human's ability to regain control, as a human hope, as a human change and as a human process. A model in the result presents the different proportions of reconciliations. Together the different proportions form the infinite of reconciliation that together creates the inner core of reconciliation. The different proportions of reconciliation are constantly in motion. There is missing evidence for reconciliation in nursing science. If more sciences performed, nurses can get implements for the care process to understand how reconciliation takes shape in human and how nurses can promote reconciliations for patients.

Studiens syfte är att belysa några yrkesverksamma elbasisters syn på egen utveckling och dess samband med övning. Som metod har halvstrukturerade intervjuer använts. Informanterna utgörs av tre yrkesverksamma elbasister som berättar om sin syn på övning och utveckling samt vad de anser vara viktigt för att utvecklas som elbasist. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten för denna studie är ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv då målet är att göra en djupare analys och tolkning av de intervjuades livsvärld. Resultatet visar att informanterna tycker att viktiga byggstenar i utvecklingen är att spela tillsammans med andra och lyssna på musik. De beskriver också sin syn på övning, tonbildning och sound samt sina upplevelser av att spela musik. Förhoppningen är att studien ska kunna bidra till mer instrumentspecifik forskning om övning samt inspirera utövare till att diskutera och dela med sig av sina varierade erfarenheter av övning. / The study aims to highlight some professional bass players approach to self-development and its connection with the exercise. The method that has been used is semi-structured interviews. The informants consist of three professional bass players who tell us about their views on practicing and development and what they consider to be important to develop as a bass player. The theoretical basis for this study is a hermeneutic perspective when the goal is to do a deeper analysis and interpretation of the interviewed life-world. The result shows that the interviewees think that the important building blocks in the development are to play with others and listen to music. They also describe their view of exercise, voice production and sound as well as their experiences of playing music. It is hoped that the study will contribute to more instrument-specific research on exercise and inspire practitioners to discuss and share their varied experiences of exercise.

Photography and tourism have been developing in parallel with each other and leaving memories of the trip in photographs still remains as a significant part of traveling today. Tourist photograph is an effective tool to display the way tourists see the destination they visited. However, while there are studies regarding general relationships between photography and tourism, what tourists see and photograph in each destination has not yet profoundly been investigated.This study first investigates images of Kiruna, Sweden, utilized in its promotion as atourist destination to understand how it is expected to be perceived by tourists. Then these images are compared with tourist photographs to understand how they actually respond to this expectation.Also, this thesis aims to add a new perspective to the concept of ‘hermeneutic circle’ proposed by John Urry (1990). Specifically, it takes particular note of ‘nationality’ and ‘culture’, and focuses on two specific tourist groups in Kiruna, Japanese and German tourists, to investigate differences between these nationality groups in the way they perceive Kiruna as a tourist destination. In order to fulfill this aim, Volunteer Employed Photography (VEP) was applied and photographs they took in Kiruna were collected. In order to enrich the photographic data, semi-structured interviews were also conducted with each study participant.The results revealed that the study participants photographed subjects that were both appeared and not appeared in the promotional images of Kiruna. The study also revealed that there were certain differences between Japanese and German tourists in the way they perceived Kiruna and each nationality group has its own hermeneutic circle.

Munkesjö, Maria: "Okej, jag kan sitta och lyssna på musik men jag tänker inte äta!" En kvalitativ intervjustudie om musikens funktion för patienter som gått i musikterapi för ätstörningsproblematik. Uppsats 15 hp inom ramen för Magisterprogrammet i musikpedagogik med inriktning musikterapi vid Kungl. Musikhögskolan i Stockholm. Syftet med denna kvalitativa intervjustudie har varit att undersöka hur patienter som gått i musikterapi för ätstörningsproblematik upplever och använder sig av musik. Frågeställningarna har handlat om vilken funktion musik har i deltagarnas liv och om detta har förändrats av musikterapi. I uppsatsen presenteras en genomgång av relevant litteratur och tidigare forskning inom områden som: musikterapi, musik och hälsa och ätstörningsproblematik. Sex kvinnliga patienter (medianålder 25 år) som genomgått musikterapeutisk behandling (i snitt 2,6 år) för sin ätstörningsproblematik intervjuades med hjälp av semistrukturerade dialogintervjuer. Utifrån ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv och med Health Musicking som teoretisk utgångspunkt, tolkades sedan de transkriberade intervjuerna. Metoden som användes var tematisk kvalitativ analys vilket kompletterades med konstnärlig form (bild och musik). Resultatet presenteras i form av fyra huvudteman: Musikens funktion som följeslagare genom livet; Musikens funktion som allierad med dikotomin; Musikens funktion som redskap för transformation och Musikens funktion som bundsförvant med känslan. Resultatet diskuteras utifrån syfte och frågeställningar. Med utgångspunkt i teorifältet Health Musicking visar denna studie att musik används och har en mångfald av funktioner för deltagarna under barndom och uppväxt. Under sjukdomstiden förändras detta markant och speglar ätstörningsproblematiken. I den musikterapeutiska behandlingen får musik genomgående en mer eller mindre central funktion som terapeutiskt redskap. Efter musikterapin återgår musikens funktion till en större mångfald men nu används musik i betydligt större utsträckning som medveten hälsoresurs; Health Musicking, i det dagliga livet. / Munkesjö, Maria: "Okey, I can sit and listen to music but I will not eat !" A qualitative study of music´s function for patients with eating disorders. A study carried out within the context of the Master Program in Music Education, profile Music Therapy at the Royal College of Music in Stockholm. The purpose of this qualitative interview study was to investigate how patients in music therapy for eating disorders perceive and use music. This by examining the function of music attributed to the participants' lives and if it has been altered by Music Therapy.The paper presents a review of relevant literature and previous research in the fields of Music Therapy, Music and Health and Eating Disorders. Six female patients (median age 25 years) were interviewed after music therapeutic treatment (average 2.6 years). With a hermeneutical approach the transcribed interviews was analyzed using thematic qualitative analysis and artistic interpretation (music and image). The result presented in four main themes; The music's function as a companion through life; The music's function as ally with the dichotomy ; The music's function as tool for transformation and The music's function as associate with feelings. The results are discussed on the basis of objective and issues. This study shows, based on the theory of Health Musicking, that music is used and has a multitude of functions for the participants during childhood and adolescence. When the eating disorders develop the use of music are significantly modified and reflect the eating disorders. During the music therapy sessions the music take a more or less central role as a therapeutic tool. After music therapy the function of the music return to a multitude of functions. But now the participants are more aware of music as a health resource; Health Musicking, in their daily lives.

The purpose of this study was to explore how physiotherapists working in stroke care understand their role(s) in the context of clinical practice and how this is mediated by their post-licensure educational experiences. Specifically the study focused on their experiences with the Bobath Concept, a well-developed post-licensure neurology physiotherapy program. This study was oriented within sociocultural theory as a way to understand how the experiences and interactions of physiotherapists mediate their professional practice and their sense of professional identity in a way not previously studied in physiotherapy literature. In order to honour the voices of the participants, this study drew on hermeneutic phenomenology and used a principled data analysis tool to present an understanding of the interrelationships involved in stroke care from their perspectives. Four physiotherapists participated in this study by responding in writing and orally to a clinical case and participating in an in-depth interview regarding their professional roles and experiences. The findings suggest that these physiotherapists understand the Bobath Concept as a professional stance which informs their practice and contributes to an ethos of caring, which is reflected in the ways they understand their roles in clinical practice.

The presence of flowers is felt in Catholic architecture, literature, artwork, personal histories and devotional practices. This, however, has not always been the case. The Catholic Church has had a long and tumultuous relationship with flowers, the focus of which has been the subject of considerable scholarship (e.g. Fisher (2011, 2007), Ward (1999), Winston-Allen (1997), Goody (1993), Coats (1970)). What has not been much considered is a phenomenological treatment of Catholic floral experience, and how such experiences have shaped individual and shared understandings of the Catholic faith. This thesis seeks to redress this omission through an exploration of the life of the Polish Catholic mystic, St. Faustina Kowalska (1905-1938), whose mystical experiences with the divine were explicitly mediated and narrated through flowers. Through Faustina’s diary, Divine Mercy in my Soul, we gain access to powerful, and unequivocally Catholic, experiences with flowers which comprise the very centre of her religious convictions. This thesis queries the ways in which flowers have dynamically shaped, and have been shaped by, St. Faustina's relationship with God and Catholic holy figures. To address this question I use the semiotic, phenomenological and hermeneutic approach of Max van Manen. Van Manen uses four elements of lived experience he calls lifeworld existentials, these are: lived space, lived time, lived body and lived relationality. These four categories are applied to St. Faustina’s life as she engages with God spatially, temporally, corporeally and relationally; each reveals the centrality of flowers in her religious experiences. While this thesis focuses on the religio-floral experiences of a particular mystic-saint, its significance lies also in the broader Catholic narrative of which it is a part. Writing about flowers was a transformative medium in Faustina's life and has been historically significant in the lives of many other Catholic saints and mystics who recorded similar experiences. This thesis, in describing the details of St. Faustina’s floral-saturated experiences from her diary, reveals a particularized instance of a paradigmatic Catholic phenomenon whereby flowers provide access to the sacred.

The purpose of this study was to explore whether and in what ways an intensive eight-week Mindfulness-Based Symptom Management (MBSM) program might shape the therapeutic experiences of therapists. I used a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to interview and develop in-depth descriptions of four therapists’ experiences in relation to mindfulness and their therapeutic practices. The data collection consisted of: (1) a telephone screening interview; (2) pre-mindfulness training interview; (3) post-mindfulness training interview; (4) field notes based on my observations, subjective experiences, and beginning analyses; (5) and member-checks to verify the accuracy of my interpretations of participants’ interview responses. The results pointed to several common themes indicating the changes therapists described after participating in the mindfulness program. Themes denoting the reported changes were organized into three categories: (1) personal relationship with mindfulness; (2) relationship between mindfulness and therapeutic experiences; and (3) mindfulness-oriented interventions performed in therapy. The findings indicated that mindfulness training is associated with the enhancement of important relational attitudes and skills of therapists, including more acceptance of where clients are at, more presence in therapy, increased capacity to listen, openness and curiosity, and more compassion and empathy. In addition, mindfulness training may be linked to improved reflexive abilities, which has implications for more intentional and ethical decision-making in therapy. Further, the findings also indicated that mindfulness training may be linked to improvements in emotion regulation by decreasing stress, increasing feelings of relaxation and calmness, improving awareness of negative emotional and cognitive states as well as the ability to interrupt these negative cycles. As such, this study pointed to several potential benefits for the inclusion of mindfulness training in therapists’ self-care practices as well as in therapist education.

This study explores the phenomenon of dilemma in paediatric practice. Using a hermeneutic phenomenological method informed by the writings of Heidegger [1889-1976] and Gadamer [1900 -2002] this study provides an understanding of the meaning of ‘being in dilemma’ from the perspective of predominantly paediatric health care professionals but also families in New Zealand. Study participants include four families who had a child requiring health care and fifteen health care practitioners from the disciplines of medicine, nursing, physiotherapy, play specialist and occupational therapy who work with families and children requiring health care. Participants’ narratives of their experiences of ‘being in dilemma’ were captured via audio taped interviewing. These stories uncover the everyday realities facing health professionals and families and provide an ontological understanding for the notion of dilemma. The findings of this study suggest that experience of dilemma for health professionals reveals a world that is uncertain and questionable where they are thrown into having to make uncomfortable choices and must live with the painful consequences of their actions. The consequences of being in such dilemma have to find ways of living with the angst, or risk becoming too sensitive or desensitizing. For families the experience of dilemma reveals a similar phenomenon most evident in circumstances where they feel totalized by the impact of heath care encounters. This study has uncovered that the perspectives that health professionals and families bring to the experience of dilemma reveal different concerns and commitments and may be hidden from each other. This thesis proposes that health professionals and families need support in living with their own personal encounters of enduring experiences of dilemma.

This critical hermeneutic study explored what it is like to re-enter the workforce following long-term forensic hospitalisation. An in-depth analysis of the phenomenon was completed, with the aim of evoking insights and developing understandings about the lived return-to-work experience. As this research was situated within the critical paradigm, the process of seeking, securing and sustaining employment was viewed in terms of power relationships, and through the multiple positionings of psychiatric disability, employment status and social capital.An unstructured interview process was used to explore the return-to-work experiences of eight purposefully selected informants with a history of mental illness and prior illness-related offending. They were living in the community and had returned to part or full-time employment, which they had sustained for at least six months. The gathered data was interpreted using hermeneutic analysis. This process revealed a number of themes, which were clustered into related groups, under eleven essential overarching themes. Freire's (1972) critical social theory was used to add critical depth to the findings.The findings reveal that returning to work exposes people who are affected by mental illness to an array of challenges and personal opportunities. People who have a forensic psychiatric history can encounter complex employment barriers related to stigma and misunderstanding. Therefore, the selected critical hermeneutic design provided a congruent framework with which to view the informants' quest to seek, secure and sustain employment. Despite significant obstacles, securing employment provides opportunities for individuals to test their skills while engaged in meaningful work activity. The acquisition of work skills can result in individuals' experiencing a strong sense of self-satisfaction. The experience of being bolstered by personal accomplishment often co-exists with, but is not necessarily negated by, difficulties that arise on-the-job.As there is scant reference to forensic rehabilitation within the mental health vocational literature, this study may be a timely contribution. It may also be used to add depth to the knowledge base within the field of mental health rehabilitation, in particular the specialised areas of forensic rehabilitation and vocational practise. Therefore, it may be a positive precursor to further discussion and analysis regarding work and education outcomes from the unique forensic psychiatric perspective.