<p>This essay is about Turkey and its relation to the European union. EU is originally an economic organization; today it has developed to involve other aspect like culture and history. By using theories like motivation and non-decision making I have studied the reason why Turkey is still waiting in the agenda of the union. With the help of the theories I have discussed about Turkey’s possibilities to become a member of the European union. By illustrate some hindrances like the custom union and the European identity, I would explain the reason of the delay for association negotiation for Turkey. This hindrance makes huge obstacles for Turkey but I believe that then the identity within the union evolves Turkey can be a part of the European union in the future.</p>

This essay is about Turkey and its relation to the European union. EU is originally an economic organization; today it has developed to involve other aspect like culture and history. By using theories like motivation and non-decision making I have studied the reason why Turkey is still waiting in the agenda of the union. With the help of the theories I have discussed about Turkey’s possibilities to become a member of the European union. By illustrate some hindrances like the custom union and the European identity, I would explain the reason of the delay for association negotiation for Turkey. This hindrance makes huge obstacles for Turkey but I believe that then the identity within the union evolves Turkey can be a part of the European union in the future.

It is the purpose of this study to discover and define certain hindrances to the functioning of democracy in American society.

Context. Global Software Development is software work undertaken at geographically separated locations across national boundaries in a coordinated fashion involving real time or asynchronous interaction. Distributed Agile Development aims at the benefits of both Agile Software Development and Global Software Development aiding the distributed teams to overcome the challenges brought by the distribution. Objectives. In this study the author investigates whether a globally distributed company is prepared to be agile, determining hindrances for agile and providing recommendations to mitigate or overcome the detected hindrances. Methods. In this case study, surveys and interviews were used to study the hindrances for agile and literature was used to provide the recommendations towards the detected hindrances. Results. 4 hindrances were detected. Only 1 was justified as necessary for the good performance of the distributed company. Several recommendations to overcome the hindrances were proposed. Both hindrances and proposed solutions were validated by the company representative. Conclusions. We conclude that the studied individuals are willing to be agile. As agile is built bottom-up, the company is prepared to be agile. However, they will not be able to be agile until they overcome or mitigate the detected challenges. In the study, several solutions for it are proposed.

The world is changing and the business context is no exception. One of the clearest tendencies is a tougher business climate with harder competition due to increased international trade and the expansion of the e-business. At the same time the customers are becoming more sophisticated and demanding. The last decades have also meant that tougher and more frequent demands are being aimed at the businesses from a wider variety of stakeholders; demands regarding how environmental issues, social responsibilities and business ethics should be dealt with. All of the above have driven companies towards implementation of different management systems to be able to cope with the demands as well as to ensure that these issues are being dealt with in an efficient and effective manner. The result is that there might be quite a few management systems that have to be handled, usually a time consuming and bureaucratic task. Theory in the field suggests that an integration of the different management systems is logical and profitable as well as beneficial in many other aspects. Some of the benefits that could be gained due to the holistic approach that the integrated management system (IMS) provides are an alignment of goals and strategies as well as elimination of duplications and sub-optimizations. The IMS will also provide an opportunity for companies to strive towards sustainable development in a balanced manner. Despite this not many companies have intentionally sought to integrate their management systems. Researchers within the field note that there is a lack of empirical data to support the theories regarding how companies act when integrating their management systems, knowledge that might provide insights why integration and IMSs is not more widespread.Hence it is interesting as well as theoretical motivated to further study this area, especially as IMSs might be an aid on the companies’ journey towards sustainable development, a highly important issue. This qualitative multiple case study aims to contribute with knowledge regarding how Swedish companies have handled the issue of IMS, more specific, what driving forces, opportunities and hindrances they have experienced associated with IMS. This, as the knowledge about Swedish firms is limited. The research questions are answered through interviews with managers responsible for the management systems. The findings suggest that companies with more than one management system integrates them to some degree, however not always intentionally, and that it might be a lack of clear motives, driving forces and stakeholder demands that limits further or full integration. The outcome is that integration primarily becomes a coordination of existing management systems with purpose to reduce bureaucracy and redundancies. / Företagsklimatet har de senaste årtiondena genomgått stora förändringar, de tydligaste tendenserna är hur konkurrensen blivit hårdare på grund av utökad internationell och elektronisk handel, samtidigt som kunderna blivit mer kräsna och krävande. Parallellt med detta har vi sett hur allt fler och kraftfullare krav från olika intressenter riktas mot företagen; krav på hur miljö, socialt ansvarstagande och affärsetik bör hanteras. Detta har medfört att företagen implementerat olika ledningssystem för att effektivt hantera dessa frågor. Teorin föreslår att en integrering av ledningssystemen är både logisk och lönsam såväl som i övrigt fördelaktig. Detta då ett integrerat ledningssystem har fördelen av att kunna hantera samtliga frågor på ett holistiskt sätt, bland annat kan uppkomster av dubbelarbete, suboptimeringar och konflikter mellan olika strategier och mål undvikas. Dessutom erbjuder det integrerade ledningssystemet möjligheten att på ett balanserat och effektivt sätt närma sig hållbar utveckling. Trots detta är det relativt få organisationer som medvetet har sökt integrera sina olika ledningssystem för att bättre kunna hantera olika intressenters krav och önskemål. Författare inom området påtalar att det saknas empiriskt stöd för teori kring hur organisationer praktiskt gör när de integrerar, något som annars skulle kunna erbjuda förklaringar till varför integrering inte sker i större utsträckning.Det är alltså såväl intressant som teoretisk motiverat att undersöka detta, speciellt då integrerade ledningssystem kan vara ett hjälpmedel i företagens strävan mot hållbar utveckling. Denna kvalitativa studie syftar således till att bidra med kunskap kring hur svenska företag hanterar frågan om integrerade ledningssystem; vilka drivkrafter, möjligheter och hinder de upplever inom området. Detta då kunskapen om hur svenska företag agerar kring dessa frågor är begränsad. Frågorna besvaras genom tre fallstudier, där intervjuer med ansvariga för ledningssystemen har genomförts. Resultaten indikerar att företag, dock kanske inte alltid medvetet, integrerar sina ledningssystem till en viss grad men att en avsaknad av tydliga motiv, intressentkrav och drivkrafter förklarar varför ytterligare, eller full integrering, ej sker. Detta medför att integrering i första hand innebär att en samordning av befintliga ledningssystem sker i syfte att reducera byråkrati och dubbelarbete.

I denna studie undersöks vilka förmågor och kunskaper inom digital kompetens som anses viktiga på Stena AB samt vilka drivkrafter och hinder som finns för lärande inom digitalkompetens. Syftet är att utvärdera en metod och process för att arbeta med att öka digitalkompetens på företag samt att utröna drivkrafter och hinder som finns för att driva en lärandeprocess inom området.En fallstudie innehållande en workshop inspirerad av interventionsforskning, samt kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med fem medarbetare på Stena AB. De transkriberade intervjuerna analyserades med induktiv tematisk analys. Resultaten tolkades genom ett sociokulturellt perspektiv på lärande med dialog i fokus. Analys av resultatet tyder på att deltagarna ansåg att en kritisk och kommunikativ förmåga är viktigt inom digitalkompetens som medborgare och som medarbetare på Stena AB. Resultaten antyder att en diskussionsbaserad workshop rörande begreppet digital kompetens kunde bidra till deltagarnas förståelse för begreppet och ge perspektiv på hur andra ser på samma begrepp. Vad gäller drivkrafter och hinder för lärande inom digital kompetens skiljer dessa sig från individ till individ. Hinder för lärande berör områden som miljö och förutsättningar som är bortom ens kontroll, men även en omedvetenhet om vilka kunskaper som behöver utvecklas. Slutsatsen är att företaget behöver en kombination av både informell och formell utbildning, att digitala kunskaper och förmågor går att prioritera vilka tolkas som fokusområden till lärandeprocessen att höja digital kompetens. Vidare identifieras drivkrafter och hinder som svar på hur en strategi för en lärandeprocess inom digital kompetens kan se ut. Slutsatsen uppskattas vara applicerbar även på andra företag i en annan kontext. / This study examines which areas within digital competence that are considered important at Stena AB. Further, this study examines what incentives and hindrances that exist for learning in digital competence. The aim for this thesis is to evaluate a method and process for working to increase digital competence in companies and to find out the incentives and hindrances that exist to motivate a learning process in the area. A case study including a workshop inspired by intervention research, as well as qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with a number of employees at Stena AB. The transcribed interviews were analyzed with inductive thematic analysis. The results were interpreted through a socio-cultural perspective on learning with discussion and dialogue in focus. Analysis of the results indicate that the participants considered a critical and communicative ability is important in digital competence, both as a citizen and as an employee at Stena AB. The results suggest that a discussion-based workshop on the concept of digital competence could contribute to the participants' understanding of digital competence and provide perspective on how others view the same concept. In terms of incentives and hindrances to learning in digital competence, these differ from individual to individual. Hindrances to learning are areas such as the environment and conditions that are beyond one's control, but also an unawareness of what knowledge needs to be developed. The conclusion is that the company needs a combination of both informal and formal education, that digital knowledge and abilities can be prioritized which are interpreted as focus areas for the learning process to increase digital competence. Furthermore, incentive forces and obstacles are identified as a strategy for a learning process in digital competence. The conclusion is estimated to be applicable to other companies in other contexts as well.

Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T19:00:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003 / This job intends to identify and study the main technical, administrative and bureaucratic hindrances that challenge the Manaus Free Zone consolidation as an Industrial Exportation Pole. Such study has been based on technical bibliography, federal legislation and field research. The hypothesis states that administrative, technical and bureaucratic hindrances exist and that they are really challenging, making difficult the consolidation of the industrial park located in the Free Zone, in Manaus. Thus, this hypothesis allows a tactful study on the challenges, which are to be faced by the current and potential exporters. / O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de identificar e estudar os principais entraves técnicos, administrativos e burocráticos que desafiam a solidificação da Zona Franca de Manaus como Pólo Industrial Exportador. O levantamento da bibliografia técnica, legislação federal e a pesquisa de campo realizada constituem-se na sustentação do estudo. A hipótese de que existem entraves administrativos, técnicos e burocráticos que se estabelecem como os principais desafios que dificultam a consolidação do Distrito Industrial instalado na Zona Franca de Manaus permite buscar o mapeamento desses desafios a serem enfrentados pelos atuais e potenciais exportadores.

The aim of my thesis is to acquaint the reader with the problematic of free movement of workers, both from the theoretical point of view and from practical point of view based on the European Court of Justice cases. In the theoretical part of the thesis, I focus on the characteristics of internal market and definition of free movement of persons and workers. I mention individual law regulations that significantly influence the problematic of free movement of persons. Further, I describe different exceptions from free movement of workers, mutual recognition of academic qualifications and social security regarding the movement of workers. And at last in my practical part, I analyze individual cases of ECJ which have had the most significant impact on the development of free movement of workers.

The thesis is concerned with methodological specifics of beginner piano teaching of students at different age levels. It attempts to give a complex view of its various aspects. The thesis is subdivided into several chapters, drawing on available psychological and methodological literature, piano course books and a questionnaire survey. The first chapter focuses on a beginner piano learner as an individual undergoing a particular stage of psychological development. It explores learners' general as well as music- specific characteristics and links these characteristics to piano playing. In addition, it describes motivational tendencies prevailing at different development stages, and other factors which can substantially influence the learning process, but have not hitherto been discussed with respect to piano teaching in greater detail although a pedagogue can more easily deal with potential problems that may arise at beginner levels when thoroughly informed. It namely discusses learning and teaching styles, hindrances to learning and learning disabilities. The second chapter is devoted to methodological specifics of teaching learners of different age groups. The third chapter then expands on the subject of beginner piano teaching specifics, comparing techniques used in beginner piano books aimed at various...

The researcher explored problems that hamper the implementation of the HIV/AIDS Policy at a specific public high school in KwaZulu-Natal. The research was designed as a qualitative single case study. Various data collection methods were implemented: a one-on-one interview was conducted with the principal, while the SMT and Life Orientation team took part in focus groups and the school governing body members completed a questionnaire. The researcher succeeded in answering the research question: Which problems hamper the implementation of the HIV/AIDS Policy at the participant high school in KwaZulu-Natal? She identified the principal and school governing body’s limited knowledge of their obligations with regard to the implementation of the HIV/AIDS Policy, different beliefs and myths related to specific ethnic groups towards HIV/AIDS, non-disclosure as a result of negative stigma and discrimination, the lack of cooperation from parents, cultural and religious beliefs as the main problems hindering the implementation of the HIV/AIDS Policy at this school. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)