Este trabalho busca elucidar a formação do pensamento comunista no Brasil por meio da análise da primeira recepção do marxismo de matriz bolchevista e sua apropriação por Octávio Brandão. Como apontou Roger Chartier, é mister que os historiadores atentem às condições e aos processos que, muito concretamente, portam as operações de construção de sentido, visando uma história social dos usos e interpretações, referidos às suas determinações fundamentais e inscritos nas práticas específicas que os produzem. Por isso, enseja-se um estudo sobre a formação comunista e suas práticas culturais a partir da análise da edição, da construção do sentido da leitura e do itinerário intelectual de um dos principais responsáveis pela formação militante, Octávio Brandão. O recorte cronológico circunscreve a primeira década de existência do Partido Comunista do Brasil e o momento logo anterior, quando Octávio Brandão publica seus primeiros trabalhos. O estudo da edição comunista e de suas práticas de leitura nos direciona, portanto, à compreensão da recepção do marxismo por parte de Brandão e seus camaradas da direção pecebista nos anos 1920. / This work intends to elucidate the constitution of Communist thought in Brazil through the analisis of the first reception of Bolshevik marxism and its appropriation by Octávio Brandão. As pointed out by Roger Chartier, it is vital that historians pay attention to the conditions and processes that very concretely carry the operations of sense building. So that this work aims to study the Communist education and its Cultural practices through the analisis of publishing, of the building up of the sense of reading and of the intelectual itinerary of one of the most important responsibles for the Communist education, Octávio Brandão. The period approached is the first decade of Brazilian Communist Party existence and the just previous moment, when Octávio Brandão publishes his first Works. The study of Communist publishing and its Reading practices conducts to the comprehension of marxism reception by Brandão and his comrades of the PCB during de 1920.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 yaracristinaalvim.pdf: 671824 bytes, checksum: 8c21a8a58e06282949cd1d92eedaf512 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar o processo de avaliação de livros didáticos de História do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) dos anos de 2005 e de 2008 a partir dos elementos que perpassam sua complexidade e especificidade no interior de um esforço de reflexão em torno do procedimento histórico e sua epistemologia. Tendo como foco investigativo o(s) olhar(es) dos avaliadores sobre as coleções didáticas, pretende-se compreender a ação destes sujeitos a partir de seus lugares profissionais, bem como de suas condições primárias enquanto historiadores que são e do contexto de suas ações, que se concretizam no interior de uma política pública. Levando-se em conta a pluralidade inerente ao campo epistemológico do conhecimento histórico e a identidade dos sujeitos avaliadores enquanto historiadores, procura-se investigar em que medida esta diversidade teórica demarca seus olhares sobre as coleções didáticas avaliadas. A investigação da trajetória profissional dos avaliadores constitui uma das trilhas metodológicas seguidas por este estudo, que visa, sobretudo, identificar os elos dos historiadores com os campos da História e do Ensino de História. Desta análise, sobrepôs-se como evidência a diversidade de elos formativos e profissionais dos avaliadores no interior do campo da História, o que contribui para compreender, com maior clareza, a diversidade de olhares sobre as coleções didáticas, identificadas tanto nas resenhas dos Guias de Livros Didáticos do PNLD/2005 e do PNLD/2008, quanto em suas análises individuais sobre as coleções didáticas. A análise individual dos avaliadores se concretizou a partir da aproximação às fichas avaliativas de ambos os processos de avaliação. Trata-se de outro importante passo metodológico, na medida em que a análise comparativa destes documentos revelou olhares plurais e, muitas vezes divergentes, no interior de um mesmo processo de avaliação e entre os dois processos consecutivos. Revelou, sobretudo, diálogos estabelecidos entre os diferentes olhares, os quais foram demarcados por disputas argumentativas. O percurso teórico e metodológico seguido nesta dissertação evidencia a dimensão acadêmica do processo de avaliação de livros didáticos de História no interior do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático. O resultado desta pesquisa possibilita, portanto, compreender a avaliação como exercício de produção 7 do conhecimento histórico, em que disputas narrativas e pontos de vista históricos diversificados se sobrepõem e delineiam a avaliação dos livros didáticos de História. / The aim of the present dissertation is to analyze the evaluation process of the History didactic books that participated in the National Program of Didactic Books (PNLD) in the years of 2005 and 2008, based on the elements that pervade its complexity and specificity and within an effort to reflect on the historiographic procedure and its epistemology. Taking as its investigative focus evaluators’ views on the didactic collections, I intend to understand these subjects’ actions from the point of view of their professional positions, as well as of their primary condition as historians and of the context of their actions, which are implemented within the scope of a public policy. Considering the inherent plurality of the epistemological field of historical knowledge and the evaluators’ identities as historians, I aim to investigate to what extent this theoretical diversity marks their perspectives on the evaluated didactic collections. The investigation of the professional trajectories of evaluators constitutes one of the methodological tracks followed by this study, which intends mainly to identify historians’ links to the fields of History and History teaching. This analysis brought to the fore the evident diversity of formative and professional links maintained by the evaluators within the field of History, which makes possible to understand more clearly the diversity of views on the didactic collections, a diversity that can be identified in their reviews of the Guides to Didactic Books of PNLD/2005 and PNLD/2008, as well as on their individual analyses of didactic collections. The individual analysis of evaluators was developed through a close look on the evaluative files of both evaluation processes. This is another important methodological step, since the comparative analysis of these documents revealed plural and often divergent perspectives within and between the two sequential evaluation processes. It revealed especially the dialogues maintained between the different viewpoints, which were marked by argumentative disputes. The theoretical and methodological path followed in this dissertation makes evident the academic dimension of the evaluation process of didactic History books within the National Program of Didactic Books. The results of this research make possible, therefore, to understand the evaluation as an exercise in the production of historical knowledge, in 9 which the narrative disputes and diversified historical points of view overlap and delineate the evaluation of History didactic books.

The aim of the present study is to paint an overall picture of how Voltaire interacted with the books that made up his personal library. Situated at the crossroads between history of the book, literary history and literary studies in the standard meaning of the term, it seeks to deepen our understanding of the ways in which Voltaire used his books and of the different types of notes that he left in them. These notes are of course texts in themselves – short ones, to be sure, but texts all the same – and their material, literary and polemical significance have never before been studied in depth. We begin by classifying the marginalia according to the function they seem to have played for Voltaire and, based on their material characteristics, by developing methodologies to analyse these short manuscripts, along with the non-verbal markings that accompany them. An analysis follows of the ways in which Voltaire used the white spaces in his books, then of the links that can be established between the signs of his reading and the genesis of his published works. Finally, we study the poetics of the marginal notes as well as the dynamics at work in the annotated library as a whole. Throughout, Voltaire’s notes and reading habits are placed in the context of the critical literature that has grown up around the subject of marginalia. Along the way, we compare his marginal notes to those of other literary figures of the period, for the subject of this study is clearly the marginalia of a writer, which are necessarily inextricably linked to his principal activity – writing. Indeed, one might speak of an interpenetration, of a blurring of boundaries between reading and writing. Beyond the marks of Voltaire's reading, the study of marginalia raises questions that are relevant for other non-canonical and paratextual materials. To place them in the spotlight transforms their status, and a note that was 'marginal' comes to be considered a text in its own right.

The diploma thesis focuses on didactic and summary analysis of antiquity in elementary school's history textbooks and their comparison. The theoretical part consists of the changes of school system, History education and antique languages from the second part of nineteenth century until the era of the First Czechoslovak Republic. The practical part discusses didactic and summary analysis of selected textbooks. The summary analysis focuses on proportion of political and cultural history, depiction of the historical icons, references and parrarels to the time, when the particular textbook was written and also the way of presentation of each nation (mainly Greeks, Romans, Germans). Keywords: history textbooks, antiquity, Czechoslovakia (1918-1938), education, 20th century

Investigar os livros presentes nas residências paulistanas, na segunda metade do século XIX, é um caminho para se compreender a história da cidade. De que forma a sua presença poderia revelar aspectos da estrutura e da superestrutura vigentes, assim como indicar as transformações operadas? Qual papel esse tipo de impresso cumpriu nessas transformações? Essas são as per-guntas, inspiradas nas proposições de Lucien Febvre, que tentamos responder com a presente pesquisa. São Paulo do começo do século XIX não se parecia em nada com a cidade na qual se transformaria ao final da centúria. A trajetória dos livros, que tantos obstáculos enfrentou, en-controu na criação da Academia de Direito, em 1827, um terreno fértil para a sua expansão. Mas, assim como ocorreu com a instituição na qual pode frutificar, o universo livresco demorou a deitar raízes e se restringiu a um grupo seleto de leitores. No entanto, ele cumpriu uma im-portante função, inclusive quando a crescente economia cafeeira reposicionou a cidade em es-cala nacional e internacional. A análise dos livros presentes nos inventários post-mortem e os debates em torno da cultura jurídica, sobretudo em relação à ideia de direito natural, refletem esses processos e ajudam a melhor compreender a dinâmica das mudanças vivenciadas na ca-pital paulistana, no século XIX. / A way to understand the Sao Paulo history is analyzing the books present in paulistano\'s homes in the second half of the twentieth century. How their presence can reveal aspects of structure and superstructure by that time as well as indicate changes? How those books have influenced these changes? Based on Lucien Febvre propositions, the intention is to answer these questions in this research. Sao Paulo of the beginning of nineteeth century had nothing to do with the city it became in the end of this same century. The difficult book circulation in Brazil found in the establishment of Law School a breeding ground to its expansion. Yet the book universe took long to put down roots and restrained itself to a small group of readers as it happened to the institution where it grew. Even so the book universe played an important role when the growing coffee economy put the city of Sao Paulo in a new position in national and international level. The analysis of books present in the post-mortem inventories and the debates about legal culture, mainly about natural rights, reflect these processes and help understand better the dynamic of changes lived in the paulista capital in the nineteenth century.

Entre les années 1600 et 1750 au Japon, de nombreux manuscrits enluminés (Nara ehon et Nara emaki) ont été produits. Ils ont néanmoins fait l’objet d’assez peu de recherches. Cette thèse aborde ce genre en trois temps, à travers l’étude d’un récit, le « Récit de Bunshô » (Bunshô sôshi). Nous considérons d’abord le processus d’élaboration de ces œuvres. Peints par des artisans anonymes, les rouleaux et les codex enluminés sont parfois signés de leur calligraphe ou portent un sceau de boutique. Travaillant pour des boutiques concurrentes, calligraphes et peintres ne forment pas véritablement avec ces dernières un atelier. Les boutiques peuvent également agir comme les maîtres d’œuvre en coordonnant les peintres et les calligraphes. Il a été souvent dit que les rouleaux et les codex enluminés ont été élaborés pour faire partie de trousseaux de mariage (yomeiri-bon). En confrontant les sources historiques aux œuvres conservées, nous soulignons, dans la seconde partie, que cette affirmation est loin de se vérifier. Enfin, nous consacrons un développement à l’évolution de l’iconographie du Bunshô sôshi. Histoire de l’élévation sociale d’un saunier et romance amoureuse entre la fille de ce dernier et un aristocrate, le Bunshô sôshi comporte des scènes problématiques du point de vue de l’échelle sociale. Ces manuscrits comportent également des images spécifiques représentant le jeune héros aristocrate comme un personnage androgyne (wakashu), en combinaison avec des compositions génériques qui rappellent d’autres récits.Ce travail constitue une première synthèse des recherches sur ces rouleaux et livres enluminés en français. / In the years between 1600 and 1750 AC, many anonymous illuminated handscrolls and manuscripts were produced in Japan, which are now collected under the name of Nara Ehon and Nara Emaki. Although they are very numerous, very few is known about them. This study is focused on those related to the tale of Bunshô (Bunshô sôshi) and proceeds in three steps.First, it examines the making process of these scrolls and manuscripts. Although the painters remained anonymous, a calligrapher's signature or the seal of a painting shop can sometimes be found. Calligrapher and painters could be working for several rival shops. Painting shops did not only sell painted scrolls or illuminated manuscripts, but worked the connections between the calligrapher and the painters as well.Then, our study reconsiders the place of illuminated scrolls and manuscripts in marriages' dowries, called yomeiri-bon. From what we know about marriages through historical sources and the surviving illuminated manuscripts, it can be stressed that very few manuscripts can be considered as yomeiri-bon.Finally, an analysis of Bunshô Sôshi's iconography throughout the years says a lot about how this tale was understood. As it tells about social ascension and how a saltmaker's daughter and an aristocrat lived a romance together, there is in this tale some problematic scenes, where the social scale is turned upside down. Also, specific compositions with an androgenic character (wakashu) as the hero are employed with more generic compositions echoing other stories as well.The present study represents a first extensive summary in French about those illuminated manuscripts.

Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation ist es, Formen kultureller Produktion und ihre Anbindungen an sprachliche und politische Realitäten am Beispiel der kanadischen Provinz Québec darzustellen. Die Existenz des französischsprachigen Québec und seiner Differenz ist nicht gegen das englischsprachige Kanada zu erklären, sondern mit diesem. Identitätsreferenzen und Geschichtsbilder sind Teil öffentlicher Bekundungen, ob nun journalistischer, künstlerischer, schulpolitischer oder anderer Art. Gefragt wird nach der Bedeutung historischer Tatsachen für die Gegenwart und dem spezifischen Gebrauch der Geschichte, ihren Helden und Machern in diversen narrativen Formungen an den Schnittpunkten von Öffentlichkeit und Erinnerung. Die verwendeten Quellen decken die Bereiche Film, Literatur, Presse und Politik ab; besonderes Augenmerk wurde auf Schulbuchtexte aus dem Geschichtsunterricht der Sekundarstufe gelegt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich in zahlreichen Instanzen der Auseinandersetzung nicht etwa anglokanadische und frankokanadische (oder „englische“ und „französische“) Kontrahenten gegenüberstehen, sondern dass die Konfliktparteien oft nicht diesseits und jenseits der Sprachbarriere liegen. Dies konnte am Beispiel der verwobenen Beziehungen von liberaler politischer Macht in Ottawa und dem ultrakonservativen katholischen Klerus Québecs im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert illustriert werden. Gleichzeitig zeigt sich, dass heterogene Strukturen in konkreten Situationen durch wirksame Grenzziehungen gewissermaßen ausgeblendet werden können. Die entstehenden Trennungslinien hatten und haben in Kanada und in Québec sprachliche, religiöse, politische und ethnische Formen, die in Momenten der Krise zu Matrizen bekannter Solidaritäten werden. Im Ergebnis der Untersuchungen steht das Fazit, dass Kanada als Föderation die Sezession Québecs nicht als Ganzes überleben würde. Die Alternative zur gegenwärtigen politischen Gestalt wäre somit nicht Québec auf der einen und ein verbleibendes „English Canada“ auf der anderen Seite, sondern ein weiteres Aufbrechen der bisherigen Kohäsion. Darüber hinaus konnte ein Zusammenhang zwischen der auffälligen Besonderheit einer mehrheitlich katholischen und französischsprachigen Bevölkerung und der großen englischen Monarchie in Amerika aufgezeigt werden. / This Ph.D. thesis aims at an analysis of various forms of cultural production and links with linguistic and politic realities in the Canadian Province Québec. The existence of a French-speaking Québec and its difference cannot be explained without considering “the rest of Canada” as a major factor. Identity references and images of history are seen as public expressions in journalistic, artistic, educational or other forms. The present relevance of historical facts, the specific usage of history, its heroes and its makers are of special interest in narratives operating at the intersection of public sphere and memory politics. Various sources were used in the process of research: film, literature, the press and politics. Special attention was given to history text books in English and French used for secondary level courses in Québec schools. In a number of conflicts the opponents were not on both sides of the language barrier representing „english“ and „french“ interests. One example studied is the case of the intricate relations between liberal political power in Ottawa and the conservative Catholic Church in Québec. At the same time, heterogeneous structures seem to be faded out in specific situations when powerful lines of separation are drawn. In critical situations solidarities are formed in Canada and Québec along the lines of language, religion, politics and ethnic background. As a result of the study it became clear that the separation of Québec from Canada would result not in two parts, Québec and “English Canada” but that the cohesion of the present federation would eventually dissolve into much smaller parts. It also became clear that there is an integral relation between the distinctness of a population with a catholic and French-speaking majority and the English monarchy present in America.

Os livros publicados durante a primeira república que desenvolveram estudos com base nas novas configurações políticas e jurídicas introduzidas no país a partir da promulgação da constituição de 1891 podem ser considerados objetos de consumo que funcionaram como depositários da doutrina constitucional brasileira. Esses materiais procuraram dar continuidade e perenidade ao pensamento constitucional, esforçando-se no sentido de consolidar as criações e os debates constitucionais travados em embates discursivos provenientes das mais diferentes esferas. Os discursos construídos pelos autores são compreendidos dentro de um contexto amplo, no qual diferentes elementos e atores agiram como mediadores entre o texto do escritor e a recepção do leitor. Assim, os livros não são entendidos de forma idealizada como textos puros, mas como produtos finais cuja materialidade e realidade do mercado editorial determinaram também as formas de apresentação e de estruturação interna dos conteúdos abordados. A pesquisa analisa os livros de direito constitucional publicados durante a primeira república a partir desses dois pontos principais. Inicialmente trabalha informações relacionadas à materialidade dos textos, considerando aspectos sobre a produção e circulação desses livros, bem como elementos pré-textuais que trouxeram questões importantes para a sua compreensão. Na seqüência, enfoca os discursos produzidos pelos autores em torno de dois temas constitucionais específicos, o federalismo e o estado de sítio, e a forma como construíram seus textos e argumentos e os estruturaram e apresentaram aos leitores. Tanto nos aspectos relacionados ao mercado editorial do período quanto na análise dos discursos dos prefácios e na abordagem dos temas específicos do federalismo e do estado de sítio, foi possível perceber que no momento inicial da história republicana brasileira esses livros agiram construindo, consolidando e difundindo novos padrões, novos entendimentos e novas formas de concepção de mundo e de práticas de vida, ensinando e doutrinando os cidadãos de acordo com as estruturas republicanas. Considerando que o livro procura sistematizar, explicar, interpretar, divulgar e consolidar a constituição brasileira, numa formatação que incentiva o seu uso por uma gama ampla de leitores, o papel que exerce na sociedade é decisivo, já que repercute nas compreensões sociais e institucionais do país acerca do direito. / The books published during the Brazilian first republic that developed studies based on the new political and legal settings introduced in the country after the promulgation of the constitution of 1891 can be considered as objects of consumption that acted as keepers of the Brazilian constitutional doctrine. These materials sought to provide continuity and sustainability to the constitutional thought, making efforts to consolidate the constitutional creations and debates caught in discursive struggles coming from varied spheres. The discourses constructed by the authors are included within a broad context in which different elements and actors have performed as mediators between the text of the writer and reader reception. Thus, the books are not understood so idealized as pure text, but as final products whose materiality and reality of the publishing industry have also determined the forms of presentation and internal structuring of the content addressed. The research examines the books of constitutional law published during the first republic from these two main points. Initially, working on information related to the materiality of texts, considering aspects of the production and circulation of these books, as well as pre-textual elements that have brought important issues to understanding. Subsequently, it focuses on the discourses made by the authors around two specific constitutional issues, the federalism and the state of siege, and how they built their texts and arguments and structured and presented to readers. In both aspects of the publishing industry of the period and in the discourse analysis of the prefaces and addressing specific issues of federalism and the state of siege, it was revealed that in the initial time of Brazilian republican history, these books acted by building, consolidating and disseminating new standards, new understandings and new ways of designing the world and the daily practice, teaching and indoctrinating citizens in accordance with the republican structures. Whereas the book is an attempt to explain, interpret, disseminate and consolidate the Brazilian constitution, in a format that encourages their use by a wide range of readers, the role it plays in society is crucial, as it reflects in the social and institutional understandings of the country about Law.

Nosso trabalho consiste em produzir uma edição crítica e investigar a história, modo de composição e transmissão da obra inédita Diccionario das Antiguidades de Portugal. Inicialmente, este trabalho se dedicou a uma cópia manuscrita do século XIX, depositada no Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro. A análise das referências bibliográficas de cada verbete e sistema de escrita nos convenceu de que a obra original teria sido composta no século XVIII. O estudo desta cópia levou-nos a encontrar o manuscrito original localizado na Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, sob a autoria de Pedro José da Fonseca (1737-1816), professor do Colégio dos Nobres, membro fundador e diretor da tipografia da Academia, fundada em 1779. Manoel José Maria da Costa e Sá, Oficial Maior da Secretaria dos Negócios da Marinha e Ultramar, é quem entendemos ser o autor da cópia manuscrita do IHGB, sua trajetória é muito desconhecida e pudemos aclará-la. Também tratamos da participação nessa história do Conselheiro Antônio Menezes Vasconcellos de Drummond, que trouxe para o IHGB a cópia feita pelo amigo Costa e Sá. Uma rede transatlântica envolvendo homens de letras em Portugal e no Brasil se torna clara através deste estudo, mostrando que o Diccionario das Antiguidades de Portugal é uma sólida janela através da qual podemos muito bem mirar a história da Cultura Escrita nos séculos XVIII e XIX. / Our work consists in the production of a critical edition and the investigation of the history, composition, and transmission of the unpublished Diccionario das Antiguidades de Portugal (Dictionary of Antiquities of Portugal). Initially, our work was focused on a single manuscript, a copy from the 19th century, deposited in the Brazilian Historical and Geographical Institute (IHGB). The analysis of the bibliographic references pertaining to each entry of the dictionary and the writing system convinced us that the original work was written in the 18th century. The study of this copy led us to find the original manuscript located in the Lisbon Academy of Sciences, under the authorship of Pedro José da Fonseca (1737-1816), who was professor at the College of Nobles, founding member and director of typography in the Academy, founded in 1779. Manoel José Maria da Costa e Sá, Higher Official at the Secretary for the Navy and Overseas Affairs, is the man who we understand to be the author of the manuscript copy belonging to the IHGB; his trajectory is quite unclear and we were able to shed some light upon it. We have also approached the participation in the story of Counselor Antônio Menezes Vasconcellos de Drummond; he brought to the IHGB the copy made by his friend Costa e Sá. A transatlantic network involving Portuguese and Brazilian men of letters becomes clear through this study, rendering it patent that the Diccionario das Antiguidades de Portugal is a steadfast window throughout which we can very well gaze upon the history of Literate Culture in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Investigar os livros presentes nas residências paulistanas, na segunda metade do século XIX, é um caminho para se compreender a história da cidade. De que forma a sua presença poderia revelar aspectos da estrutura e da superestrutura vigentes, assim como indicar as transformações operadas? Qual papel esse tipo de impresso cumpriu nessas transformações? Essas são as per-guntas, inspiradas nas proposições de Lucien Febvre, que tentamos responder com a presente pesquisa. São Paulo do começo do século XIX não se parecia em nada com a cidade na qual se transformaria ao final da centúria. A trajetória dos livros, que tantos obstáculos enfrentou, en-controu na criação da Academia de Direito, em 1827, um terreno fértil para a sua expansão. Mas, assim como ocorreu com a instituição na qual pode frutificar, o universo livresco demorou a deitar raízes e se restringiu a um grupo seleto de leitores. No entanto, ele cumpriu uma im-portante função, inclusive quando a crescente economia cafeeira reposicionou a cidade em es-cala nacional e internacional. A análise dos livros presentes nos inventários post-mortem e os debates em torno da cultura jurídica, sobretudo em relação à ideia de direito natural, refletem esses processos e ajudam a melhor compreender a dinâmica das mudanças vivenciadas na ca-pital paulistana, no século XIX. / A way to understand the Sao Paulo history is analyzing the books present in paulistano\'s homes in the second half of the twentieth century. How their presence can reveal aspects of structure and superstructure by that time as well as indicate changes? How those books have influenced these changes? Based on Lucien Febvre propositions, the intention is to answer these questions in this research. Sao Paulo of the beginning of nineteeth century had nothing to do with the city it became in the end of this same century. The difficult book circulation in Brazil found in the establishment of Law School a breeding ground to its expansion. Yet the book universe took long to put down roots and restrained itself to a small group of readers as it happened to the institution where it grew. Even so the book universe played an important role when the growing coffee economy put the city of Sao Paulo in a new position in national and international level. The analysis of books present in the post-mortem inventories and the debates about legal culture, mainly about natural rights, reflect these processes and help understand better the dynamic of changes lived in the paulista capital in the nineteenth century.