Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-07T15:55:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 12.pdf: 499119 bytes, checksum: e4d2cca1a6b30febd288652f3fe6264f (MD5) Previous issue date: null / Reflete sobre questões relacionadas às crenças que sustentam a manutenção de práticas populares de cura, de como esse saber atravessa gerações sociológicas através da cosmovisão de rezadeiras e receitadores no município de Nova Friburgo, como esse saber se constituiu e como se manteve ao longo do tempo e qual sua influência na formulação do conceito de saúde e doença pelas pessoas em seu cotidiano.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-07T15:55:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 2.pdf: 433562 bytes, checksum: 4908369981cb591334adaa7c22a4b25e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Analisa como ocorreu o processo de construção de uma especialidade médica no Brasil na segunda metade do século XIX. Pretende mostrar de que forma um grupo de médicos passou a se autodenominar oftalmologistas, sendo reconhecidos como especialistas em doenças oculares pela sociedade e por seus pares.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-07T15:55:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 15.pdf: 2584815 bytes, checksum: 6349ee7c691ec4772382bd325a63ae85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Analisa os estudos médicos brasileiros sobre a anemia falciforme publicados nas décadas de 1930 e 1940. Esta dissertação orienta-se pela compreensão da relação entre sangue, doença e raça no pensamento médico brasileiro dos anos de 1930 e 1940, quando a anemia falciforme era considerada uma enfermidade que se observava principalmente, pela presença de hemácias falciformes no sangue e por uma variedade de sintomas clínicos, sobretudo pela anemia. Como a freqüência desta doença era maior nos negros do que nos brancos, a anemia falciforme era qualificada geralmente como uma doença racial.

This thesis examines the representation of medical practitioners between the 1830s and 1910s in Britain and its Empire, drawing on the medical press and fiction. Moving away from the notion that practitioners' identities were determined chiefly by their qualification or professional appointment, it considers how they were constructed in relation to different axes of identity: age, gender, race, and the spaces of practice. Each chapter concentrates on a different figure or professional identity. I begin by looking at the struggling young medical man, before examining metropolitan practitioners (from elite consultants to slum doctors), and the hard-working country general practitioner. I then consider how gender and professional identities intersected in the figure of the medical woman. The last chapter examines practitioners of colonial medicine in British India. This thesis considers a range of medical journals, from well-known titles such as the Lancet and British Medical Journal, to overlooked periodicals including the Medical Mirror, Midland Medical Miscellany, and Indian Medical Record. It also examines fiction by medical authors such as Arthur Conan Doyle and W. Somerset Maugham, and lesser-known figures including Margaret Todd and Henry Martineau Greenhow. I read these texts alongside other contemporary writing (from advice guides for medical men to fiction by lay authors) to scrutinise how ideas about practice were shaped in the medical and cultural imagination. My research demonstrates not only how medical journals fashioned networks among disparate groups of practitioners but also how they facilitated professional rivalries. I reveal the democratising tendency of print culture, highlighting how it enabled a range of medical men and women to write about practice. Ultimately, the thesis develops our understanding of medical history and literary studies by uncovering how the profession engaged with textual practices in the formation of medical identities.

O tema dessa Tese são as drogas que hoje são consideradas ilícitas e os processos sociais, culturais, políticos e econômicos que levaram ao proibicionismo. Partindo de uma revisão historiográfica e de um conjunto variado de fontes médicas, jurídicas, jornalística, literária e iconográfica foram reconstruídos os principais marcos da história da proibição das drogas no Brasil. A análise desse material mostrou que, mesmo estando em uma posição periférica do mercado mundial, o Brasil participou do fenômeno conhecido como revolução psicoativa. A maior disponibilidade de fármacos levou a uma difusão dos antálgicos, fato que foi combatido pela classe médica oficial. Ocorreram intercâmbios entre as concepções oficiais e as práticas populares graças à difusão das artes de formular e dos medicamentos de fórmula secretas. As drogas, apesar da crescente restrição, permaneceram como recursos terapêuticos utilizados durante toda a primeira metade do século XX. O Brasil apresentou uma política proibicionista autóctone, que dialogou com o contexto internacional plural de ascensão das políticas restritivas. A reconstituição das políticas sobre drogas mostrou as variações de objetivos existentes ao longo da história, questionando a visão unilateralista que percebe as leis sobre esse tema como uma única política que se perpetua ao longo de mais de cem anos em uma ascensão punitivista. / The themes of this thesis are the illicit drugs and the social, cultural, political and economic factors that resulted in prohibition. From a historiographical review and a varied set of sources - medical, legal, journalistic, literary and iconographic - this work rebuilds the main boundaries in the history of drug prohibition in Brazil. The analysis of this material showed that this country participated in the phenomenon known as psychoactive revolution despite being in a peripheral position in the world market. The greater availability of drugs has led to diffusion of analgesics. The official medical profession was against the popularization. There have been exchanges between official conceptions and popular practices through the dissemination of the pharmaceutical formulation and Patent Medicine. The drugs remain as therapeutic resources used during the first half of the twentieth century despite growing restrictions. Brazil presented autochthonous prohibitionist policy that dialogue with the plural international context of the rise of restrictive policies. The reconstitution of the drug policy showed variations of existent objectives throughout history with questioning of the unilateralist vision about increasing punishment law.

The following dissertation examines the history of general hospitals in modern, central and western Canada. It follows extensive case studies of the Toronto, Winnipeg, Calgary, and Vancouver general hospitals. The last few decades have seen an expanded interest in hospitals by Canadian medical historians, but the overall literature is thin. Further, many of the extant histories focus on a particular constituent: the medical profession, administrators, or architects. In this dissertation I argue that these general hospitals were contested spaces, and that their organization and layout reflected negotiation between several parties. A further important vector is the role hospitals played in the social life of their communities. As these general hospitals grew, and began treating middle-class patients, they also required large sums of money from the public purse. Administrators had to account for the shape and use of medical space to the general public that helped finance it, as they did to the doctors who worked there. During the period 1880-1945 general hospitals moved from the periphery of medical care to the centre, but not without substantial growing pains. These institutions routinely lacked funds and space, and remained in operation as much through the efforts of medical professionals as by concerned citizens. After the Second World War the Federal Government shifted from a standoffish institution to one ready to release funds and administrative energies towards new ideals of social welfare. Funding increased dramatically for the building of new hospitals, and legislative developments such as Medicare transformed the social and political relationship between hospitals and patients. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This dissertation began with the question: why do our general hospitals look the way that they do? It goes on to examine the ways in which multiple actors, including many non-medical ones such as local citizens, city councils, architects, and patients, interfaced with administrators and doctors to establish and build general hospitals in four Canadian cities. The core argument is that these were contested spaces, which reflected the communities in which they existed.

This dissertation explores the bioethical construction of pregnancy as site of risk and argues that pregnancy is best characterised as sitting in a constant state of tension, as simultaneously healthy-normal-natural and risky. This tension and how it is acknowledged or ignored is a significant factor in many ethical issues centered upon pregnancy. Using a genealogical analysis, this study identifies features of the social discourse around pregnancy that impede clinical research during pregnancy despite both policy changes and educational campaigns emphasising the benefits and importance of such research. The first major finding of the project is the identification of stigma about pregnancy and pharmaceuticals arising out of the mid twentieth century pharmaceutical scandals. This stigma continues to distort the perception of risk during pregnancy, such that the risk of inaction during pregnancy is significantly undervalued and the risk of actions—particularly pharmaceutical interventions—is overestimated. This is related to both the exclusion of pregnant women from pharmaceutical research, and an accompanying tendency towards medical over-intervention in childbirth. The second major finding is how narratives of health and risk construct pregnancy as women’s initiation into ‘responsible motherhood’ and the corresponding surveillance, pressures and expectations that align with the narrative. Pregnant women’s desire to act in their child’s best interest and the knowledge that not only acting or choosing ‘wrong’ may harm their child, make women less inclined to both take risks and/or act outside of conventional norm. This thesis recommends that successful, stakeholder education needs to widen to include a broader range of issues including the effect of stigma upon risk perception, the broader bias towards inaction, and the normative strength of social narratives of good mothering and maternal responsibility. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This dissertation explores the idea of pregnancy as site of risk. It argues that pregnancy is best characterised as a state that is simultaneously healthy and at risk. The tension between these two ways of understanding pregnancy is central to many ethical issues related to pregnancy. This study identifies ideas about pregnancy that impede clinical research during pregnancy. The first major finding of the project is the identification of stigma about pregnancy and pharmaceuticals arising out of the mid twentieth century pharmaceutical scandals. The second major finding is how ideas of health and risk construct pregnancy as women’s initiation into ‘responsible motherhood’ and the corresponding surveillance, pressures and expectations that align with the narrative. This thesis recommends that stakeholder education needs to include a broader range of issues including the effect of stigma, the bias towards inaction, and the role of social narratives of good mothering and maternal responsibility.

This thesis investigates several previously neglected networks of imperial tropical medicine (ITM) in Britain and its tropical colonies at the turn of the twentieth-century. It argues for the need to bring back the ‘imperial’ to the study of medicine in colonial localities; and, in doing so, redefines the ‘imperial’ in relation to tropical medicine during this period. To accomplish this, the first part of the thesis considers largely ignored popular networks of ITM, including the 1900 London Livingstone Exhibition; guidebooks and manuals for tropical travel, health and hygiene; and commodities such as Burroughs Wellcome & Co.’s (BWC) Tabloid brand medicine chests and tropical clothing. The second part of the thesis investigates important, but under researched professional networks of ITM, including the training and experiences of non-medical missionaries educated at Livingstone College, London and the London Missionary School of Medicine (LMSM); and the formation and reform of the West African Medical Staff (WAMS). All of the popular and professional networks discussed in this thesis were, for the most part, a response to the urgency generated by domestic and international high politics to ‘improve’ and ‘develop’ Britain’s tropical possessions. While representing a diversity of individuals and interests, one concern that they all shared was the supposed need to preserve Anglo-Saxon health in tropical climates. Such a disparate set of ‘agents of empire’, connected through a common interest, led to a complex set of ideas and practices of ITM, which were informed as much by the environment and climate, as new disciplines such as parasitology. This thesis also demonstrates that a significant fissure existed — within and outside the imperial state — between ideas of ITM and their practice. Ideas of ITM were often aggressively imperial in rhetoric but in practice they generally were not. Therefore, at the start of the twentieth-century ITM was not always working — directly — as a ‘tool of empire’. Nonetheless, this thesis demonstrates that the ‘imperial’ is still the most useful analytical category and organising principle for understanding Western medicine’s relationship to Britain’s tropical possessions during this period. By focusing on both the colony and the metropole, and the uneven power relationship that existed between them, it demonstrates that ideas and practices of medicine and hygiene intended for Britain’s tropical empire were neither colonial nor metropolitan, but imperial.

Diss. Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2004. / [Ny tr.], 2005. Pp. 270-285: Bibliography.

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