The lecture recital was given on August 5, 1976. Subsequent to a presentation of some pertinent background material, diverse influences on the compositional styles of five representative composers of the period were discussed. Nine songs by Edward MacDowell, Charles Loeffler, Sidney Homer, John Alden Carpenter, and Charles Griffes were interspersed as musical illustrations. In addition to the lecture recital, three other public recitals were performed. The first solo recital was presented on July 26, 1973, and included works by Johann Sebastian Bach, Richard Strauss, and Wolfgang Fortner. The second solo recital, given on December 3, 1973, was comprised of works by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Jacques Ibert, Arrigo Boito, and Modeste Moussorgsky. The third solo recital (with Miss Jo Ann Pickens assisting), was presented on June 26, 1974, and included works by Thomas Arne, Richard Wagner, Johannes Brahms, Benjamin Godard, Giuseppe Verdi, and Carlisle Floyd.

Electricity is a fundamental energy carrier for modern life and for economic prosperity. All kinds of equipment use electricity as their power source, including domestic and industrial applications. There is a trend to adopting more electricity-based equipment in all areas. The modern power infrastructures can sufficiently supply most cities and developed areas. However, certain rural areas are still unable to get access to electric power due to the inconvenient locations or less developed economy. This makes the living conditions in such areas extremely inconvenient and further hinders the economic development in those areas.Electrification for rural areas has been a critical task for some developing countries. To accomplish this task, the options are limited to build a stand-alone power system or construct a power transmission line for the chosen location. A stand-alone power system has commonly been based on fossil fuel, such as a diesel generator, with low capital cost compared to a long connection, but with significant running cost of fuel. Recent improvements of renewable sources and storage, and more efficient loads, have made renewable sources much more competitive than before for a stand-alone electricity supply. The choice between different renewable energies depends on the local natural resources. It is a more flexible way to providing the electricity and a more efficient and environmental-friendly way since the energy loss caused by transmission is eliminated. On the other hand, the grid connection option involves building a transmission line to connect the rural area to the national grid, which is a more traditional approach to provide power. The cost of this method depends on the relative distance between the rural area and the nation grid.The choice between the above two mentioned electrification options is the first step when considering providing power to the rural area. This thesis focuses on the electrification for rural areas and comparing the above two methods, finding out the break-even point. It is of current interest as the technology for both options is changing, and the break-even is also changing.In this thesis, a mathematical model for on-grid electrification is proposed and simulated on MATLAB. The off-grid option is simulated by HOMER. The results show how the LCOE of on-grid and off-grid electrification as well as the off-grid configuration are affected by different parameters like the distance to grid, load demand level, PV cost, WT cost, storage cost, the diesel price and so on. By comparing the results, the break-even point of two options is also presented. / Elektricitet är den viktigaste energibäraren för det moderna livet och för ekonomiskt välstånd. Många typer av utrustning använder el som sin kraftkälla, i hushållet såväl som I industrin, och det finns en tendens att öka användning av el inom alla områden. Moderna elnät levererar till de flesta städer och utvecklade områden. Dock har vissa landsbygdsområden fortfarande inte elförsörjning, på grund av svårtillgängliga områden och mindre utvecklade ekonomier. Detta gör att levnadsförhållandena i sådana områden är lägre än om man hade haft tillgång till el, och ytterligare hindrar den ekonomiska utvecklingen i dessa områden.Elektrifiering för landsbygdsområden har varit en viktig uppgift för vissa utvecklingsländer. Två extrema fall är att bygga ett fristående lokalt kraftsystem, eller att bygga nya kraftledningar för att ansluta till ett befintligt elnät. Ett fristående kraftsystem har historiskt sett typiskt berott på fossila bränslen, till exempel med en dieselgenerator, vilket ger lägre kapitalkostnad än en lång ledning, fast med betydande driftskostnader för bränsle. De senaste förbättringarna av förnybara källor och lagring, samt effektivare laster, har gjort förnybara källor mycket mer konkurrenskraftiga än tidigare för en fristående elförsörjning.Valet mellan de två ovannämnda alternativen är det första steget när man elektrifierar ett landsbygdsområde. Denna uppsats fokuserar på elektrifiering för landsbygdsområden och jämför dessa två metoder. Det är av aktuellt intresse eftersom tekniken för båda alternativen är i förändring.I denna uppsats, en matematisk modell för on-grid elektrifiering är föreslås och simuleras på MATLAB. Alternativet off-grid simuleras av HOMER. Resultaten visar hur LCOE av on-grid och off-grid elektrifiering såväl som nätverkskonfigurationen påverkas av olika parametrar som avståndet till rutnätet, lastbehovsnivå, PV kostnad, WT kostnad, lagerkostnad, dieselpriset och så vidare. Genom att jämföra resultaten, jämnpunkten av två alternativ är också presenterad.

[ES] Esta tesis tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de una metodología para la optimización de sistemas híbridos renovables que incluya mecanismos de gestión de la demanda y permita su operación tanto en modo isla, como en modo península, para su posterior validación experimental en aplicaciones dirigidas a granjas acuícolas ubicadas en la región costera central del estado de Veracruz, México. Para la consecución del objetivo, en primera instancia se elaboraron modelos de los componentes del sistema híbrido y se definió una estrategia de despacho para el sistema híbrido, los cuales fueron simulados en MATLAB y en la herramienta de ordenador HOMER. En estos modelos se incluyeron datos de los recursos renovables presentes en el sitio de estudio, la demanda eléctrica, así como también los costes de los componentes y los correspondientes a la operación, mantenimiento y combustible relacionados con la operación del sistema. Para la optimización del sistema híbrido, fueron considerados como indicadores económicos el Coste Total Anual (CTA), el Coste Neto Presente (NPC) y el Coste de Energía (COE); mientras que las emisiones de CO2, emisiones evitadas de CO2 y la Fracción Renovable (FR), fueron los indicadores medioambientales seleccionados para el caso de estudio. Posteriormente, se definieron algunos arreglos básicos y escenarios de gestión de la demanda aplicables a la operación del sistema híbrido, que permitiera evaluar los resultados de optimización y así determinar la configuración óptima, tanto en modo isla como en modo península. Finalmente, se aplicó la metodología a una granja acuícola modelo donde se consiguió definir el mejor escenario de gestión de la demanda y las posibles configuraciones de los componentes del sistema híbrido para su operación en modo isla y en modo península. Un análisis de sensibilidad desarrollado en HOMER sirvió de apoyo para evaluar el impacto de las variaciones en la demanda eléctrica de la granja y de la velocidad promedio del viento en la viabilidad técnica, económica y medioambiental del sistema híbrido óptimo. / [CAT] Aquesta tesi té com a objectiu el desenvolupament d'una metodologia per a l'optimització de sistemes híbrids renovables que incloga mecanismes de gestió de la demanda i permeta la seua operació tant en manera illa, com en manera península, per a la seua posterior validació experimental en aplicacions dirigides a granges aqüícoles situades a la regió costanera central de l'estat de Veracruz, Mèxic. Per a la consecució de l'objectiu, en primera instància es van elaborar models dels components del sistema híbrid i es va definir una estratègia de despatx per al sistema híbrid, els quals van ser simulats en MATLAB i en l'eina d'ordenador HOMER. En aquests models es van incloure dades dels recursos renovables presents en el lloc d'estudi, la demanda energètica, així com també els costos dels components i els corresponents a l'operació, manteniment i combustible relacionats amb l'operació del sistema. Per a l'optimització del sistema híbrid, van ser considerats com a indicadors econòmics el Cost Total Anual (CTA), el Cost Net Present (NPC) i el Cost d'Energia (COE); mentre que les emissions de CO2, emissions evitades de CO2 i la Fracció Renovable (FR), van ser els indicadors mediambientals seleccionats per al cas d'estudi. Posteriorment, es van definir alguns arranjaments bàsics i escenaris de gestió de la demanda aplicables a l'operació del sistema híbrid, que permetera avaluar els resultats d'optimització i així determinar la configuració òptima, tant en manera illa com en manera península. Finalment, es va aplicar la metodologia a una granja aqüícola model on es va aconseguir definir el millor escenari de gestió de la demanda i les possibles configuracions dels components del sistema híbrid per a la seua operació en manera illa i en manera península. Una anàlisi de sensibilitat desenvolupat en HOMER va servir de suport per a avaluar l'impacte de les variacions en la demanda energètica de la granja i de la velocitat faig una mitjana de del vent en la viabilitat tècnica, econòmica i mediambiental del sistema híbrid òptim. / [EN] This thesis aims to develop a methodology for the optimization of renewable hybrid systems that includes demand management mechanisms and allows its operation both in island mode, as in peninsula mode, for later experimental validation in applications aimed at aquaculture farms located in the central coastal region of the state of Veracruz, Mexico. To achieve the objective, in the first instance models of the hybrid system components were developed and a dispatch strategy for the hybrid system was defined, which were simulated in MATLAB and in the HOMER computer tool. These models included data on the renewable resources present at the study site, the electricity demand, as well as the costs of the components and those corresponding to the operation, maintenance and fuel related to the operation of the system. For the optimization of the hybrid system, the Total Annual Cost (TAC), the Net Present Cost (NPC) and the Cost of Energy (COE) were considered as economic indicators; while CO2 emissions, avoided CO2 emissions and the Renewable Fraction (RF), were the environmental indicators selected for the case study. Subsequently, some basic arrangements and demand management scenarios applicable to the operation of the hybrid system were defined, which allowed to evaluate the optimization results and thus determine the optimal configuration, both in island mode and in peninsula mode. Finally, the methodology was applied to a model aquafarm where it was possible to define the best demand management scenario and the possible configurations of the components of the hybrid system for operation in island mode and in peninsula mode. A sensitivity analysis developed at HOMER served as a support to assess the impact of variations in the farm's electrical demand and the average wind speed on the technical, economic and environmental viability of the optimal hybrid system. / Gómez González, FJ. (2020). Diseño y optimización de un sistema híbrido renovable con gestión de la demanda y aplicaciones en península y modo isla [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/158563

Yes / The cost of electricity produced by thermal power plants in Republic of Djibouti is relatively high at about $0.32/ kWh. This is due to its dependence on imported oil coupled with fluctuating oil prices. Consequently, the customer pays a high electricity bill. However, Djibouti is endowed with indigenous renewable energy resources such as a good solar irradiance of 5.92 kWh/ m2 day, a potential geothermal energy estimated up to 1000 MW, and few sites with annual wind speed higher than 6 m/s. The goal of this paper is, therefore, to assess an economic evaluation of different grid connected hybrid renewable energy systems to a residential urban house located in Tadjourah city (11.7913◦ N, 42.8796◦ E) in the North-Eastern part of Djibouti to reduce the cost of electricity from the grid. To reach this objective, a powerful software tool called HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables) has been used to find the optimum hybrid energy system using real wind and solar irradiation data. The results obtained from this study show that the best economical suited combination of hybrid renewable energy system is a PV-Wind grid connected system. This study shows also that potentially the indigenous renewable energy contribution, in Tadjourah, can be as much as 77 % with 47 % of solar and 30% of Wind energy. The Net Present Cost, the Levelized Cost of Energy, and the operating cost of the optimal HRES are $337, $0.002/kWh and $1,025/year, respectively. When compared with the average cost of grid-only connection of $0.32/kWh, the optimal hybrid renewable energy system is more economical and will save 51 % of the cost that the customer must pay when using only the electricity from the grid.

This thesis examines epic impressions between two disparate literary genres, the classical Homeric epic and the science fiction novel, Frank Herbert's Dune in particular. This is done by applying Jung's archetypes and his notion of the collective unconscious to both literary works. This thesis argues that, through intertextual dialogue, continuities can be seen to exist between the Homeric epic and Dune and other science fiction texts of a similar nature. Chapter one examines epic impressions through a study of the classical heroic superhuman. This superhuman, his birth, divine attributes and heroic adventures shall be isolated and applied to both the classical hero and the hero of Herbert's narrative. Chapter two will examine the relationship between prescience ("hyperawareness") and the divine oracle of the classical epic. Chapter three will examine the archetype of the "Terrible Mother" and the masculine fear of feminine powers that works to keep the feminine subordinate. / English Studies / M.A. (English)

The purpose of this study is to locate spatial manifestations of power, and acts of agency, by conducting a subversive reading of the female immortal threats in Homer’s Odyssey. With an aim to question preconceived notions on sexuality, gender and power, I draw on the theoretical perspectives of gender theorists J. Butler and J. Halberstam in my reading of non-normative female displays of power. The material in question is the adventures in the Odyssey that present female immortals, functioning as antagonists in the epos’ narrative structure. Space and power make the foundation in the deconstruction of these adventures. I approach the subject using analytical tools from the spatial methodology of K. Knott. Starting with ‘location’ I apply analytical categories such as ‘physical space’, ‘social space’, ‘properties of space’ and ‘spatial aspects’ in order to critically analyze spatial manifestations of power in each adventure. By placing the female immortal in the subject position, this work shows how she utilizes her space in order to dominate the mortal man she encounters. This is conducted through non-normative acts such as isolation and restriction. The study highlights the problem of putting ‘sex’ as the only, or dominant, focus in the reading of these adventures. The female immortals that Odysseus encounters, can by spatial analysis be shown to act autonomously towards mortal intruders that enter their territory.  They present themselves as having the right to take a mortal man for a husband, as well as kill him or keep him as a prisoner. This suggests that their status as immortal exceeds Odysseus’ male gender, whilst still being restricted by the gender hierarchy of her immortal society. The spatial analysis show that the female immortal possesses the agency of the mortal female as well as of the mortal male within in their oikos. The female immortal displays power by sustaining her space, as well as by regulating the movements of the mortal man, in and out of, and sometimes beyond, her space.

This thesis is a study of embedded song in ancient Greek narrative poetry. The introduction defines the terminology (embedded song is defined as the depiction of the performance of a poem within a larger poem, such as the songs of Demodocus in Homer’s Odyssey) and sets the study in the context of recent narratological work done by scholars of Classical literature. This section of the thesis also contains a brief discussion of embedded song in the Homeric epics, which will form the background of all later examples of the motif. Chapter 1 deals with embedded song in the Homeric Hymns and Hesiod’s Theogony. It is argued that the occurrence of embedded song across these poems indicates that the motif is a traditional feature of early Greek hexameter poetry, while the possibility of “inter-textual” allusion between these poems is considered, but finally dismissed. Chapter 2 focuses on Pindar, Bacchylides and Corinna, and explores how lyric poets use this motif in the various sub-genres of Greek lyric. In epinician poetry, it is argued that embedded song is used as a strategy of praise and also to boost the authority of the poet-narrator by association with the embedded performers, who can be seen to have in each case a particular source of authority distinct from that of the poet narrator. Chapter 3 considers the Hellenistic poets Apollonius Rhodius and Theocritus, and how their interest in depicting oral poetry meshes with their identity as literate and literary poets. Appendix I gives a list of all the examples of embedded song I have found in Greek poetry. Appendix II gives an account of Pindar’s Hymn to Zeus, a highly fragmentary poem which almost certainly contained an embedded song, analysing this as an example of the difficulties thrown up by lyric fragments for a study of embedded narratives.

The aim of this project is to account for the widespread reception of the epics of Homer and Virgil by American poets of the twentieth century. Since 1914, an unprecedented number of new poems interpreting the Iliad, Odyssey and Aeneid have appeared in the United States. The vast majority of these modern versions are short, combining epic and lyric impulses in a dialectical form of genre that is shaped, I propose, by two cultural movements of the twentieth century: Modernism, and American humanism. Modernist poetics created a focus on the fragmentary and imagistic aspects of Homer and Virgil; and humanist philosophy sparked a unique trend of undergraduate literature survey courses in American colleges and universities, in which for the first time, in the mid-twentieth century, hundreds of thousands of students were exposed to the epics in translation, and with minimal historical contextualisation, prompting a clear opportunity for personal appropriation on a broad scale. These main matrices for the reception of epic in the United States in the twentieth century are set out in the introduction and first chapter of this thesis. In the five remaining chapters, I have identified secondary threads of historical influence, scrutinised alongside poems that developed in that context, including the rise of Freudian and related psychologies; the experience of modern warfare; American national politics; first- and second-wave feminism; and anxiety surrounding poetic belatedness. Although modern American versions of epic have been recognised in recent scholarship on the reception of Classics in twentieth-century poetry in English, no comprehensive account of the extent of the phenomenon has yet been attempted. The foundation of my arguments is a catalogue of almost 400 poems referring to Homer and Virgil, written by over 175 different American poets from 1914 to the present. Using a comparative methodology (after T. Ziolkowski, Virgil and the Moderns, 1993), and models of reception from German and English reception theory (including C. Martindale, Redeeming the Text, 1993), the thesis contributes to the areas of classical reception studies and American literary history, and provides a starting point for considering future steps in the evolution of the epic genre.

Pour comprendre les différents rôles que joue la Télémachie dans l’Odyssée d’Homère, il faut explorer à fond le thème de l’identité. La structure de la Télémachie et les rôles accessoires qu’elle joue dans l’Odyssée contribuent à définir l’identité de Télémaque et celle d’Ulysse. À la fin du poème, même si Télémaque a intériorisé et accepté son origine filiale, son rôle social et l’identité qui y est associée sont laissés indéterminés au moment du retour de son père et en sont même la conséquence. Cela peut expliquer le manque de consensus chez les auteurs modernes en ce qui a trait au développement de Télémaque, ou à son statut social et héroïque (i.e. épithète, maturité, etc.). La Télémachie agit à titre d’élément déclencheur de l’initiation de Télémaque dans la vie héroïque mais le processus qui se poursuit, à la fin de l’Odyssée, y est laissé incomplet. L’étape finale, l’incorporation, durant laquelle la communauté reconnaît la nouvelle identité de Télémaque en tant que héros et adulte, prêt à assumer de plus grandes responsabilités, n’est pas présentée dans l’œuvre d’Homère. / One can understand the various functions of the Telemacheia within the Odyssey only by taking into consideration the identity theme. The structure of the Telemacheia and the accessory functions it plays within the Odyssey contribute to defining Telemachus’ own identity as well as Odysseus’. At the end of the poem, even though Telemachus has internalized and accepted his filial origin, his social role and identity are left undefined at the moment of his father’s return and as a consequence thereof. This may explain the lack of consensus among scholars with regard to Telemachus’ development, or social and heroic status (i.e. epithet, maturity, etc.). The Telemacheia triggers Telemachus’ initiation into heroic life but the process is left incomplete. The final step, incorporation, during which everyone recognizes Telemachus’ new identity as a hero and adult, ready to assume higher responsibilities, is not enacted by the poem.

La notion de « bile », exprimée par le substantif χολή, représente l’un des plus importants et des plus célèbres concepts de la médecine hippocratique, inséparable dans la pensée moderne de la fameuse théorie humorale. Au premier abord, les choses semblent donc claires. Cependant, lorsqu’on se plonge dans la lecture des écrits hippocratiques, la notion de cholè s’avère moins simple et évidente. Notre analyse des textes hippocratiques montre, en effet, que la cholè diffère d’un traité à l’autre et que chaque auteur hippocratique élabore sa propre notion de cholè. Nous nous sommes posé alors la question de l’origine de ce concept médical, ainsi que de l’origine de son cadre, qui est la théorie humorale. Notre quête des origines nous a amenée jusqu’aux idées homérique de chólos et aristophanique de cholè, qui se présentent toutes les deux comme fondamentalement différentes de l’idée médicale de cholè, unissant en elles-mêmes les notions de substance et d’état d’esprit. C’est justement cet écart entre les concepts non-médicaux et les concepts médicaux qui nous a intéressée au plus haut point, car il permet de voir comment les médecins hippocratiques élaborent leurs idées et leur discours. L’essentiel de notre travail consiste, donc, en un examen approfondi des procédés par lesquels les hippocratiques s’approprient des idées non-médicales : ce qu’ils retranchent, ce qu’ils rajoutent et ce qu’ils remanient. Nous espérons ainsi mettre en évidence les chemins par lesquels passe la pensée médicale ancienne, dans son processus d’émancipation de la culture traditionnelle, mais aussi des autres « sciences » de l’époque, telle que la philosophie. / The notion of « gall », expressed by the noun χολή, is one of the most important as well as the most celebrated concepts of the hippocratic medicine, inseparable for the modern mind from the humoral theory. At first sight then, the idea of « gall » seems fairly obvious. However, reading hippocratic treatises in detail, one realizes that the notion of cholè turns out to be far more complex and intricate than expected. Our analysis of the most relevant hippocratic texts shows indeed that the concept of cholè varies according to the texts involved, as every author tends to develop his own concept of cholè. We tried to find out whether the complex nature of the medical concept known as cholè could be elucidated by a survey of its origins, and a survey of the origins of the humoral system as a whole. Our search for the origins of cholè has led us to the Homeric concept of chólos and to the Aristophanic concept of cholè. The prerequisites of both notions conspicuously differ from the medical concept of cholè, because they unite the substance with a state of mind. This discrepancy between medical and non-medical concepts was of utmost importance for us, since it helped to understand how hippocratic authors developed their ideas and their discourse. The main asset of our work consists, therefore, in an in-depth analysis of the ways in which hippocratic authors take over some non-medical ideas to frame concepts of their own : what are the components they cut out, add or modify. Our goal is to show how ancient medical thought proceeds, in its endeavour to emancipate itself from the tradition as well as from the other contemporary “sciences”, as philosophy.