Das Vorkommen von alpha-Dicarbonylverbindungen werden in 2 Schwerpunkten dokumentiert. Zum einen werden mehrere Honige auf Ihren Gehalt an 3-DG, GO und MGO neben HMF analysiert und die Bildung wärend einer Lagerung beobachtet. Zum anderen wird die Entstehung von alpha-Dicarbonylen und anderen cytotoxischen Glucoseabbauprodukten bei der Behandlung von Lösungen der Peritonealdialyse mit hohen Druck beobachtet.

As an essential and indispensable contributor to pollinating the world's crops and plants, the honey bee is key to the sustainability of humans' and our ecosystems' continued survival. Following in the footsteps of the companies TietoEvry and Beelabs project, this report also works towards monitoring bees during their daily activities. This project aims to investigate the feasibility of using wireless, battery-driven devices inside beehives to detect the sound of bees using machine learning for edge devices. Beelab has focused on measurements in and around the beehive regarding weight, temperature, barometric pressure and humidity. Sound analysis is still in its infancy with few finished working alternatives; therefore, this project will focus on the sound attribute by implementing machine learning and classification algorithms and applying it to a prototype—the progress is thoroughly documented in this report. The device records a snippet of sound and prepares to send it over a wireless transmission medium. By streamlining the code and optimizing the hardware, the device runs continuously for a month using a small, cheap battery.

Opus Alchemicum explores the fabrication of “reality” upon imagination, and the affective relation between ideas and matter in the built environment. Like an alchemic experiment, through the manipulation of real facts and their transformation into myth, stories, rituals and objects, the project tries to demonstrate how myths are not just produced but also produce “real” by creating a collective understanding and a pattern of relations, roles and ideas. This project’s attempt is to reveal the mechanisms of reality in an act of analogy. The role of architecture, buildings and objects is investigated in its transfigured correspondent. Myths are both constructed and revealed as the language code of a discourse. The result is a work of alchemy, a product of imagination as a path of understanding. The project starts with traveling to Romania as a study case, in a journey where encounters and empathy win over maps and scheduled visits. What I bring back with me is a series of situations, assemblages, a pattern of history, places, culture and affections belonging to the very present of Romania.These situations are plunged in another larger assemblage, the European one, with Sweden as a partaker. In this country’s desires and metamorphoses we can discover those myths that belong and affect our culture and our spaces.  Opus Alchemicum is a tale about myths, behavior and built environment. About Romania, or somewhere else. About ruins and gold. About invisible values and material affects. About a vanished land, about desire and nostalgia. About displacement, diaspora and costumes. About migration. About a journey and the gas station at the mid of the road. About metamorphoses, gypsy palaces and dowries. About matter, produced, traded and extinguished. About Prussian Blue and honey. About a tower, a fountain and a secret garden. About the alchemic process of making reality out of ideas. / Opus Alchemicum utforskar fabricering av verklighet genom fantasi, den affektiva relationen mellan ide och materia i en bygg omgivning. Ett alkemiskt experiment, genom manipulation av verkliga fakta och deras transformation till myter, berättelser, ritualer och objekt, försöker detta projekt att påvisa hur myter inte bara är producerade utan hur de också producerar en ”verklighet” genom att skapa en kollektiv förståelse och ett mönster av relationer, roller och föreställningar. Projektet försöker att avslöja mekanismerna av verklighet i en handling av analogi. Rollen av arkitektur, byggnader och objekt undersöks i sin förvandlade korrespondens. Myter är både konstruerade och avslöjade genom språkkoden för en diskurs. Resultatet är ett verk av alkemi, en produkt av inbillningsförmåga längst en väg för förståelse. Projektet startar med en resa till Rumänien som studie fall, i en färd där möten och empati segrar över kartor och schemalagda möten. Det jag tog med mig tillbaka var en serie av situationer, samlingar och mönster av historien. Platser, kultur och känslor som representerar det nuvarande Rumänien. Situationer som störtar in till ett större sammanhang i form av det Europeiska med Sverige som deltagare. I detta lands önskningar och metamorfoser kan vi upptäcka de myter som tillhör och påverkar vår kultur och dess rum. Opus Alchemicum är en berättelse om myter, beteenden och byggd omgivning. Om Rumänien eller någon annanstans. Om ruiner och guld. Om osynliga värden och materiell inverkan. Om ett försvunnet land av begär och nostalgi. Om förskjutningar, förskingringar och kostymer. Om migration. Om färder och bensinstationen i mitten av resan. Om metamorfoser, romerska palats och hemgifter. Om materia, producerad, handlad och utsläckt. Om preussiskt blått och honung. Om ett torn en fontän och en hemlig trädgård. Om den alkemiska processen av att skapa verklighet genom idéer.

No description available.

No description available.

O mel é um alimento de uso milenar, açucarado de fácil digestão, que constitui uma importante fonte de energia, contribuindo para o equilíbrio do processo biológico do corpo humano, sendo elaborado a partir da desidratação e transformação do néctar das flores nativas pelas abelhas produtoras. Para que o mel seja comercializado para o consumo humano, ele precisa atender aos requisitos mínimos de identidade e qualidade exigidos pela Legislação Brasileira. No Brasil a criação de abelhas é dividida em duas práticas distintas, a Apicultura tradicional, que utiliza as abelhas Apis mellifera e a Meliponicultura que utiliza as abelhas sem ferrão como a Jataí (Tetragonisca angustula). Os méis de abelhas sem ferrão tem maior valor comercial comparado ao mel tradicional, entretanto são comercializados sem uma legislação própria. Na literatura existem poucos trabalhos que tratam da composição destes tipos de méis que são popularmente conhecidos por suas propriedades benéficas à saúde. Em vista do exposto acima, o objetivo deste presente trabalho foi o de comparar a composição e a qualidade de méis de Apis mellifera com os de abelhas sem ferrão da espécie Tetragonisca angustula, popularmente conhecida como Jataí. Para tanto as amostras de méis foram obtidas de colméias de Apis mellifera e de Tetragonisca angustula de uma mesma região botânica, o que foi possível constatar que os méis de abelha Jataí apresentaram maior diversidade botânica em relação aos méis de Apis. Neste trabalho foram utilizados os métodos de avaliação estabelecidos pela Legislação Brasileira para qualidade de mel de Apis mellifera e os valores sugeridos para méis de mellponíneos do Brasil pe10s pesquisadores VILLAS - BOAS e MALASPINA (2005). A maioria das amostras de Apis apresentaram-se dentro da legislação vigente, enquanto méis Jataí apresentaram os parâmetros: umidade (23,40 -25,60%), acidez (21,65 - 63,85 mE/Kg) e açúcares redutores (44,78 - 67,54%) e sacarose aparente (0,43 - 1,60%) fora dos padrões estabelecido pela legislação vigente para os méis de Apis mellifera. No entanto, encontram-se dentro dos valores sugeridos para méís de meliponíneos brasileiros, pelos pesquisadores acima mencionados. Além das análises físico-químicas tradicionais e a análise polínica também foi determinada a composição nutricional, sendo que o mel de Apis apresentou maior de valor energético (43,58- 66,32 Kcal) em relação aos méis de Jataí (36,83 - 60,52 Kcal) (p<0,05). Também foram determinados os açúcares por CLAE, condutividade elétrica (uS/cm-1) e a análise de cor (mmPfund). As amostras de Apis mellifera apresentaram maior o teor glicose (%), frutose (%) e condutividade elétrica (uS/cm-1) em relação aos méis de Jataí Em relação as análises de cor notou-se maior predominância da coloração âmbar-claro, mas amostras analisadas. / Honey is considered as a food that provides energy, being elaborated from the dehydration and transformation of the nectar of the flowers by the bees. For the human consumption, honey needs to attend the minimum requirements of identity and quality demanded by the regulation. In Brazil beekeepers can be divided in two practical distinct ones: the traditional ones, which use Apis mellifera bees and the Meliponiculture which uses stingless bees such as Jataí bee (Tetragonisca angustula). There are no identity and quality parameters or regulation for this type of honey. Honey from of stingless bees are more expensive compared with the traditional honey, however their are commercialized without a proper regulation. In literature few works were found regarding the composition of these types of honey which are popularly known by its beneficiaI properties to human health. The objective of the present work is to compare the composition and quality of honey from Apis mellifera and from stingless bees (Tetragonisca angustula), popularly known as Jataí bee. Samples of honey were obtained from Apis mellifera and Tetragonisca angustula bees in the same botanical region. In this work the methods used were based on the Brazilian Regulation for quality control of honey from Apis mellifera and the values suggested for honeys of meliponíneos of Brazil for researchers VILLAS-BOAS and MALASPINA (2005). The majority of the samples of Apis had presented in accordance with the regulation while the Jataí honeys had presented: humidity (23,40 - 25.60%), acidity (21,65 - 63,85 mE/Kg) and reducing sugars (44,78 - 67.54%) are out of the standards for honeys of Apis mellifera. However, they are in accordance with the values suggested for honeys of Brazilian meliponíneos. The physicochemical, polinic and nutritional analysis were determined, and the honey of Apis bee presented greater amount of energy value (43,58 - 66,32 Kcal) in relation to the honeys of Jataí bee (36,83 - 60,52 Kcal) (p<O,05). The sugars for HPLC, electric conductivity (uS/cm-1) and analysis of color (mmPfund) were determined. Samples of Apis mellifera had presented greater values for glucose (%), frutose (%) and electric conductivity (uS/cm-1) in relation to the honeys from Jataí (p<0,05). Regarding the color analyses, it was predominance of the coloration clear -amber.

<p>Insekticidi novije generacije, neonikotinoidi, odlikuju se specifičnim načinom &nbsp;delovanja na&nbsp;nervni sistem insekata. Radi dobijanja &scaron;to brže i kvalitetnije informacije o izloženosti životne sredine&nbsp;ovim insekticidima i količinama njihovih ostataka u hrani potrebno je raspolagati odgovarajućim&nbsp;instrumentalnim metodama za njihovo određivanje. Razvijene su i optimizovane analitičke metode&nbsp;zasnovane na tečnoj hromatografiji za određivanje sedam odabranih neonikotinoida (dinotefurana,&nbsp;nitenpirama, tiametoksama, klotianidina, imidakloprida, acetamiprida &nbsp;i tiakloprida) u medu i likeru od&nbsp;meda. Ispitivana je mogućnost određivanja klotianidina pomoću tečne hromatografije visoke efikasnosti&nbsp;sa detektrorom od niza dioda (HPLC-DAD) primenom kombinacije tečno-tečne i ekstrakcije na čvrstoj&nbsp;fazi iz uzoraka meda. Na osnovu preliminarnih rezultata može se zaključiti da kori&scaron;ćenje &nbsp;faznih-čvrsto&nbsp;kolona u kombinaciji sa tečno-tečnom ekstrakcijom dihlormetanom rezultira prihvatljivim prinosom&nbsp;klotianidina u uzorcima meda pri koncentraciji od oko 0,5 &micro;g g^-1&nbsp;klotianidina. Radi dobijanja većih&nbsp;prinosa odabrana je disperzna tečno-tečna mikroekstrakcija (DLLME) kao tehnika pripreme uzoraka&nbsp;meda. Testirana je upotreba acetonitrila kao disperznog sredstva. Pored hloroforma, kori&scaron;ćen je i&nbsp;dihlormetan kao drugo ekstrakciono sredstvo, kako bi se &nbsp;uporedila efikasnost ekstrakcije. Zabeleženi su&nbsp;prinosi klotianidina od 69,7 i 68,3% &nbsp;u zavisnosti da li je kori&scaron;ćen hloroform, odnosno DHM kao rastvor&nbsp;za ekstrakciju. Može se zaključiti da je prinos ekstrakcije bio povoljniji pri odnosu 0,5 mL ACN i 2,0&nbsp;mL DHM. Prinosi su se kretali od 68,4% do 92,1%, &scaron;to je ukazalo da su parametri DLLME ekstrakcije optimalni. Kako bi se detaljnije ispitali ključni parametri DLLME tehnike, kori&scaron;ćena je metodologija povr&scaron;ine odziva (RSM), kao i detekcija na osetljivijem kuplovanom masenom detektoru (MS/MS). Optimizovani su HPLC-MS/MS &nbsp;parametri kako bi se obezbedilo zadovoljavajuće hromatografsko &nbsp;razdvajanje i niske granice detekcije (GD, 0,5&ndash;1,0 &mu;g kg^-1) i određivanja (GO, 1,0&ndash;2,5 &mu;g kg^-1) ispitivanih neonikotinoida u medu. Upotrebom centralno kompozitnog dizajna konstruisani su kvadratni modeli ispitivanih faktora: zapremine ekstrakcionog (DHM, 1,0&ndash;3,0 mL) i disperznog (ACN, 0,0&ndash;1,0 mL) sredstva, izračunati statistički parametri i optimizovan proces DLLME upotrebom <em>Derringer</em>-ove funkcije poželjnih odgovora. Upotrebom MMC i SC krivih u opsegu GO&ndash;100,0 &mu;g kg^-1&nbsp;ispitan je uticaj matriksa pri čemu zaključeno je da je najveći uticaj matriksa bio na odziv analitičkog signala nitenpirama, dinotefurana i klotianidina. Ispitani su prinosi odabranih neonikotinoida (R, 74,3&ndash;113,9%), kao i preciznost metode u uslovima ponovljivosti (RSD, 2,74&ndash; 11,8%) i intermedijerne reproduktivnosti (RSD, 6,64&ndash;16,2%). Brza (retenciona vremena 1,5&ndash;9,9 min) i osetljiva metoda, koja tro&scaron;i malu količinu rastvarača, primenjena je za ispitivanje 15 realnih uzoraka meda različitog cvetnog porekla. Rezultati su pokazali da ispitivani med nije sadržao ostatke ispitivanih neonikotinoida u koncentracijama iznad GD. Dalje istraživanje je bilo usmereno ka&nbsp; razvijanju i optimizaciji HPLC-DAD analitičke metode upotrebom DLLME i QuEChERS tehnika za &nbsp;pripremu uzoraka za određivanje 7 neonikotinoida u uzorcima meda. U ovom delu istraživanja optimizovani su i hromatografski parametri, upotrebom RSM sa Box-Behnken-ovim dizajnom i Derringer-ovom funkcijom poželjnih odgovora. Od &nbsp;ispitivanih neonikotinoida dinotefuran i imidakloprid su bili u najvećoj meri izloženi uticaju matriksa, bez obzira na proceduru pripreme uzoraka. Može se istaći da je uticaj matriksa na analitički signal dinotefurana bio izraženiji u slučaju MS/MS, apostrofirajući manju robusnost ove metode određivanja. Prinosi neonikotinoida su &nbsp;bili (R, 73,1&ndash;118,3%), preciznost u uslovima ponovljivosti (RSD, 3,28&ndash;10,40%) i intermedijerne reproduktivnosti (RSD, 6,45&ndash;17,70%), a granice detekcije (GD, 1,5&ndash;2,5 &micro;g kg^-1) i određivanja (GO, 5,0&ndash;10,0 &micro;g kg^-1). Metoda je primenjena za ispitivanje 7 neonikotinoida u 104 uzorkameda različitog cvetnog porekla sa &nbsp;teritorije Autonomne Pokrajine Vojvodine. Detektovano je prisustvo tiakloprida, imidakloprida i tiametoksama u količinama koje su bile ispod MDK RS i EU. Analizirani su uzorci likera od meda - medice. Upoređivane su dve tehnike pripreme uzoraka, DLLME i QuEChERS i primenjeni optimizovani hromatografski &nbsp;uslovi i MS/MS parametri. U slučaju nitenpirama, dinotefurana i tiametoksama uticaj matriksa bio je najizraženiji. Metoda je validovana određivanjem prinosa neonikotinoida (R, 69,2&ndash;113,4%), preciznosti u uslovima ponovljivosti (RSD, 3,21&ndash;12,81%) i intermedijerne reproduktivnosti (RSD, 9,11&ndash;16,63%), kao i granice detekcije (GD, 0,5&ndash;2,5 &micro;g kg^-1) i određivanja (GO, 1,0&ndash;10,0 &micro;g kg^-1). Analizom 10 komercijalno dostupnih likera od meda otkriveno je&nbsp;prisustvo klotianidina i tiakloprida, evčzokinot&scaron; z&nbsp; na neophodnost daljeg kontrolisanja ovog proizvoda na&nbsp;prisustvo neonikotinoida. Ispitana je mogućnost uklanjanja odabranih neonikotinoida (dinotefurana,&nbsp;klotianidina i tiakloprida) iz vodene sredine (reke Dunav). Ispitivanje efikasnosti 6 različitih vrsta&nbsp;uklanjanja odabranih neonikotinoida (u prisustvu prirodne insolacije u laboratorijskim uslovima, sa&nbsp;dodatkom H2O2, sa dodatkom MWCNT, sa dodatkom MWCN+H&nbsp;₂O₂, sa dodatkom Fe-MWCNT, sa dodatkom Fe-MWCNT+H₂O₂) vr&scaron;eno je upotrebom prethodno razvijene HPLC-MS/MS metode. Krive uklanjanja odabranih neonikotinoida, pokazale su da tokom 60 minuta pri prirodnoj insolaciji&nbsp; u laboratorijskim uslovima koncentracija smanjenje oko 25%. Analitički signal dinotefurana dobijen u prisustvu H₂O_2&nbsp;pod istim uslovima ukazuje na uklanjanje ciljnog analita od oko 40%, tiakloprida od oko 70%, a klotianidina u potpunosti. Testirana je adsorpcija ciljnog analita na vi&scaron;ezidnim ugljeničnim nanocevima (MWCNT). Ovim postupkom može da se ukloni oko 30% dinotefurana, oko 50% klotianidina i 60% tiakloprida. U kombinaciji sa H₂O_2&nbsp;, MWCNT pokazuju bolju sposobnost uklanjanja za 15&ndash;50% u zavisnosti od ispitivanog neonikotinoida. Upotreba Fe-MWCNT i njihova kombinacija sa H₂O₂ otvorila je mogućnost za dalja &nbsp;ispitivanja mehanizma uklanjanja. Ustanovljeno je nastajanje intermedijera kojima odgovaraju m/z od 117,5 i 140,6 u slučaju razgradnje dinotefurana u sistemima sa H₂O₂, MWCNT+H₂O₂, Fe-MWCNT+H₂O_2&nbsp;i klotianidina u sistemu Fe-MWCNT+H₂O₂.</p> / <p>Neonicotinoid insecticides, as one of the fastest growing new generation of insecticides, have&nbsp;contributed to a significant reduction of toxicity for the environment; therefore, monitoring and&nbsp;determination of trace levels of the neonicotinoids in honey are necessary and demands highly efficient,&nbsp;selective and sensitive analytical techniques. The objective of the present work was to develop a rapid,&nbsp;sensitive, optimized and accurate analytical method based on liquid chromatography for determining&nbsp;seven neonicotinoid insecticides, dinotefuran, nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidacloprid,&nbsp;acetamiprid and thiacloprid in honey and honey liqueur samples. The possibility for determination of&nbsp;clothianidin in honey samples was investigated by HPLC with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD).&nbsp;Based on preliminary results, it can be concluded that the use of a solid-phase column in combination&nbsp;with a liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane results in an acceptable recovery of clothianidin in&nbsp;the samples with a clothianidin concentration of about 0.5 &micro;g g^-1. After obtaining low recovery of&nbsp;clothianidin, dispersed liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was selected as a technique for the&nbsp;preparation of honey samples.. The adequacy of acetonitrile as a dispersing agent was investigated.&nbsp;Besides the chloroform, a dichloromethane was used as a second extracting agent , in order to compare&nbsp;the relative efficiency of the extraction solvents. It can be concluded that the extraction recovery (68.4&ndash;92.1%) was more favorable with the use of 0.5 mL ACN and 2.0 mL DHM. Furthermore, LC-MS/MS&nbsp;parameters were optimized to unequivocally provide good chromatographic separation, low detection&nbsp;(LOD, 0.5&ndash;1.0 &mu;g L^&minus;1) and quantification (LOQ, 1.0&ndash;2.5 &mu;g L^&minus;1) limits for acetamiprid, clothianidin,&nbsp;thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, thiacloprid and nitenpyram in honey samples. Using different&nbsp;<br />types (chloroform, dichloromethane) and volumes of extraction (1.0&ndash;3.0 mL) and dispersive&nbsp;(acetonitrile; 0.0&ndash;1.0 mL) solvent and by mathematical modeling it was possible to establish the optimal&nbsp;sample preparation procedure. Matrix-matched calibration and blank honey sample spiked in the&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 12px;">concentration range of LOQ&ndash;100.0 &mu;g kg</span>^{<span style="font-size: 12px;">&minus;1&nbsp;</span>}<span style="font-size: 12px;">were used to compensate the matrix effect and to fulfill the&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">requirements of SANCO/12495/2011 for the accuracy (R 74.3&ndash;113.9%) and precision (expressed in&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">terms of repeatability (RSD 2.74&ndash;11.8%) and within-laboratory reproducibility (RSDs &nbsp;6.64&ndash;16.2%)) of&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">the proposed method. The rapid (retention times 1.5&ndash;9.9 min), sensitive and low solvent consumption&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">procedure described in this work provides reliable, simultaneous, and quantitative method applicable for&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">the routine laboratory analysis of seven neonicotinoid residues in 15 real honey samples. Neonicotinoid &nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">residues were not detected in any of the investigated samples. The objective of next study was to&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">develop and optimize HPLC-DAD analytical method with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">(DLLME) and QuEChERS sample preparation procedures for the simultaneously analysis of seven&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">neonicotinoids in honey samples. The liquid chromatographic conditions were optimized by response&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">surface methodology with <em>Box-Behnken</em> design and the global <em>Derringer</em>&acute;s desirability. The optimized&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">method was &nbsp;validated to fulfill the requirements of SANCO/12495/2011 standard for both sample&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">pretreatment procedures providing results for accuracy (R, 73.1&ndash;118.3%), repeatability (RSD, 3.28&ndash;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">10.40%) and within-laboratory reproducibility (RSD, 6.45&ndash;17.70%), limits of detection (LOD, 1.5&ndash;2.5&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">g&micro; kg</span>^{<span style="font-size: 12px;">-1</span>}<span style="font-size: 12px;">) and quantification (LOQ, 5.0&ndash;10.0 &micro;g kg</span>^{<span style="font-size: 12px;">-1</span>}<span style="font-size: 12px;">). For the first time, more than 100 honey samples&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">collected from all 7 counties of Autonomous Province of Vojvodina were analyzed. The presence of&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">thiacloprid, imidacloprid and thiametoxam was discovered in a small number of samples. The objective&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">of next study was to develop an optimized LC-MS/MS analytical method with DLLME and QuEChERS&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">procedures for analysis of 7 neonicotinoids in honey liqueur. The method was validated to fulfill the&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">requirements of SANCO/12495/2011 for both sample pretreatment procedures providing results for&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">accuracy (R, 69.2&ndash;113.4% for DLLME; 71.8&ndash;94.9% for QuEChERS), precision (RSD expressed in&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">terms of repeatability (3.21&ndash;10.20% for DLLME; 4.19&ndash;12.81% for QuEChERS) and within-laboratory&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">reproducibility (9.11&ndash;16.63% for DLLME; 11.32&ndash;16.40% for QuEChERS)), limits of detection (LOD,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">0.5&ndash;1.5 g&micro; L</span>^{<span style="font-size: 12px;">-1&nbsp;</span>}<span style="font-size: 12px;">for DLLME; 1.0&ndash;2.5 g&micro; L</span>^{<span style="font-size: 12px;">-1&nbsp;</span>}<span style="font-size: 12px;">for QuEChERS) and quantification (LOQ, 1.0&ndash;5.0 g&micro; L</span>^{<span style="font-size: 12px;">-1&nbsp;</span>}<span style="font-size: 12px;">for&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">DLLME; 2.5&ndash;10.0 &micro;g L</span>^{<span style="font-size: 12px;">-1&nbsp;</span>}<span style="font-size: 12px;">for QuEChERS). Analysis of real honey liqueur samples obtained from local&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">markets showed the presence of clothianidin or thiacloprid in four of the analyzed samples, therefore&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">implicating the necessity of ongoing control of this type of traditional product. &nbsp;Removal of selected&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">neonicitinoid insecticides - dinotefuran, clothianidin and thiacloprid using MWCNT and H</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">₂O_2&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">from&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">Danube water matrix was investigated. &nbsp;Efficiency of different systems for neonicotinoids removal&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">(under natural insolation in laboratory, with H</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">₂O₂, with MWCNT, with MWCNT+ H</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">₂O₂, with Fe-MWCNT, with Fe-MWCNT+H₂O₂) was evaluated with developed LC-MS/MS method. Analysis of&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">degradation rates revealed loss of 25% of the initial neonicotinoid concentration under natural insolation in&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">the laboratory conditions during 60 min. Addition of chemical agent H₂O_2&nbsp;promoted loss of 40% of the&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">initial dinotefuran, 70% of thiacloprid concentration and total removal of clothianidin under same&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">conditions. With the addition &nbsp;of MWCNT concentration of dinotefuran, clothianidin and thiacloprid&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">decayed for 30, 50 and 60%, respectively. Iron modification of MWCNT in combination with H</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">₂O_2&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">increased the removal rate of selected neonicotinoid for 15&ndash;50%. Presence of intermediates was&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">discovered in systems of dinotefuran with H₂O₂, MWCNT+H</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">₂O₂, e-MWCNT+H₂O_2&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">and of&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">clothianidin in systems with Fe-MWCNT+H₂O_2&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12px;">with m/z of 117,5 and 140,6.&nbsp;</span></p>

O mel é um alimento de uso milenar, açucarado de fácil digestão, que constitui uma importante fonte de energia, contribuindo para o equilíbrio do processo biológico do corpo humano, sendo elaborado a partir da desidratação e transformação do néctar das flores nativas pelas abelhas produtoras. Para que o mel seja comercializado para o consumo humano, ele precisa atender aos requisitos mínimos de identidade e qualidade exigidos pela Legislação Brasileira. No Brasil a criação de abelhas é dividida em duas práticas distintas, a Apicultura tradicional, que utiliza as abelhas Apis mellifera e a Meliponicultura que utiliza as abelhas sem ferrão como a Jataí (Tetragonisca angustula). Os méis de abelhas sem ferrão tem maior valor comercial comparado ao mel tradicional, entretanto são comercializados sem uma legislação própria. Na literatura existem poucos trabalhos que tratam da composição destes tipos de méis que são popularmente conhecidos por suas propriedades benéficas à saúde. Em vista do exposto acima, o objetivo deste presente trabalho foi o de comparar a composição e a qualidade de méis de Apis mellifera com os de abelhas sem ferrão da espécie Tetragonisca angustula, popularmente conhecida como Jataí. Para tanto as amostras de méis foram obtidas de colméias de Apis mellifera e de Tetragonisca angustula de uma mesma região botânica, o que foi possível constatar que os méis de abelha Jataí apresentaram maior diversidade botânica em relação aos méis de Apis. Neste trabalho foram utilizados os métodos de avaliação estabelecidos pela Legislação Brasileira para qualidade de mel de Apis mellifera e os valores sugeridos para méis de mellponíneos do Brasil pe10s pesquisadores VILLAS - BOAS e MALASPINA (2005). A maioria das amostras de Apis apresentaram-se dentro da legislação vigente, enquanto méis Jataí apresentaram os parâmetros: umidade (23,40 -25,60%), acidez (21,65 - 63,85 mE/Kg) e açúcares redutores (44,78 - 67,54%) e sacarose aparente (0,43 - 1,60%) fora dos padrões estabelecido pela legislação vigente para os méis de Apis mellifera. No entanto, encontram-se dentro dos valores sugeridos para méís de meliponíneos brasileiros, pelos pesquisadores acima mencionados. Além das análises físico-químicas tradicionais e a análise polínica também foi determinada a composição nutricional, sendo que o mel de Apis apresentou maior de valor energético (43,58- 66,32 Kcal) em relação aos méis de Jataí (36,83 - 60,52 Kcal) (p<0,05). Também foram determinados os açúcares por CLAE, condutividade elétrica (uS/cm-1) e a análise de cor (mmPfund). As amostras de Apis mellifera apresentaram maior o teor glicose (%), frutose (%) e condutividade elétrica (uS/cm-1) em relação aos méis de Jataí Em relação as análises de cor notou-se maior predominância da coloração âmbar-claro, mas amostras analisadas. / Honey is considered as a food that provides energy, being elaborated from the dehydration and transformation of the nectar of the flowers by the bees. For the human consumption, honey needs to attend the minimum requirements of identity and quality demanded by the regulation. In Brazil beekeepers can be divided in two practical distinct ones: the traditional ones, which use Apis mellifera bees and the Meliponiculture which uses stingless bees such as Jataí bee (Tetragonisca angustula). There are no identity and quality parameters or regulation for this type of honey. Honey from of stingless bees are more expensive compared with the traditional honey, however their are commercialized without a proper regulation. In literature few works were found regarding the composition of these types of honey which are popularly known by its beneficiaI properties to human health. The objective of the present work is to compare the composition and quality of honey from Apis mellifera and from stingless bees (Tetragonisca angustula), popularly known as Jataí bee. Samples of honey were obtained from Apis mellifera and Tetragonisca angustula bees in the same botanical region. In this work the methods used were based on the Brazilian Regulation for quality control of honey from Apis mellifera and the values suggested for honeys of meliponíneos of Brazil for researchers VILLAS-BOAS and MALASPINA (2005). The majority of the samples of Apis had presented in accordance with the regulation while the Jataí honeys had presented: humidity (23,40 - 25.60%), acidity (21,65 - 63,85 mE/Kg) and reducing sugars (44,78 - 67.54%) are out of the standards for honeys of Apis mellifera. However, they are in accordance with the values suggested for honeys of Brazilian meliponíneos. The physicochemical, polinic and nutritional analysis were determined, and the honey of Apis bee presented greater amount of energy value (43,58 - 66,32 Kcal) in relation to the honeys of Jataí bee (36,83 - 60,52 Kcal) (p<O,05). The sugars for HPLC, electric conductivity (uS/cm-1) and analysis of color (mmPfund) were determined. Samples of Apis mellifera had presented greater values for glucose (%), frutose (%) and electric conductivity (uS/cm-1) in relation to the honeys from Jataí (p<0,05). Regarding the color analyses, it was predominance of the coloration clear -amber.

Chez de nombreuses Angiospermes, la pollinisation croisée est nécessaire pour le succès de la reproduction. La plupart de ces plantes ont évolué afin de favoriser la pollinisation entomophile, principalement assurée par les abeilles. C’est le cas des Cucurbitacées, dont le melon (Cucumis melo L.), importante culture du sud de la France et le concombre d’âne (Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich.) plante spontanée endémique du bassin méditerranéen, les deux modèles de cette étude. Afin de mieux comprendre les relations plante-pollinisateur,nous avons choisi de caractériser le couple pollen de Cucurbitacées/abeille domestique (Apis mellifera L.) à travers la production de pollen, sa présentation sur la fleur et son transport sur l’abeille. Nous avons montré que, chez ces plantes, l’ontogenèse du pollen s’accompagne d’erreurs développementales conduisant à la formation de près de 3% de grains de pollen vides. De plus, nous avons mis en évidence que chez E. elaterium, des erreurs méiotiques entraînaient la formation de grains de pollen génétiquement anormaux qui pourraient être source d’autopolyploïdie. Chez C. melo, nos résultats ont révélé que la mise en contact du pollen avec le milieu environnant entraîne une baisse de 30% de sa viabilité, mais que celle-ci reste stable jusqu’à la fin de l’anthèse. L’aptitude à germer, quant à elle, finit d’être acquise juste avant anthèse et décroît de 12% en fin de période d’anthèse. Nous avons montré que le pollen de C. melo transporté sur le corps de l’abeille pouvait soit avoir une viabilité et une aptitude à germer préservée, probablement par protection contre la déshydratation, soit perdre quasi-totalement sa viabilité et son aptitude à germer. Enfin, nous avons détecté des composés biochimiques spécifiques des abeilles protégeant ou diminuant la qualité reproductrice du pollen / For many flowering plant species cross pollination is necessary to ensure reproductive success. Most of these plants have evolved to encourage insect pollination which is mainly carried out by bees. Such is the case of plants in the Cucurbitaceae family, including the cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.), an important crop of the South of France, and squirting cucumber (Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich.), a wild plant restricted to the Mediterranean Basin, the two vegetal models used in this study. To better understand plant-pollinator relations, we proposed to characterise the interaction between Cucurbitaceae pollen and the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) through pollen production, its presentation and its transport on the honey bee body. Our results showed that developmental anomalies took place during pollen ontogenesis in these species leading to 3% of the pollen grains produced to be empty. Moreover, we demonstrated that meiotic abnormalities in E. elaterium leading to the production of genetically abnormal pollen grains could be a source of autopolyploidy. At anthesis in C. melo, our results showed that pollen viability decreased to 30% when pollen was exposed to environmental conditions, then remained stable during the period of anthesis.The ability for pollen to germinate was completed just before anthesis then decreased to 12% at the end of anthesis. We determined that viability and germinability of cantaloupe pollen carried on the honey bee body can be enhanced or decreased according to which specific honey bee biochemical compounds were detected

La malnutrition est identifiée comme l’un des facteurs potentiellement responsables des mortalités élevées de colonies d’abeilles des dernières années au Québec. Pour contrer cela, les apiculteurs donnent des suppléments de pollen à leurs colonies, mais les impacts d’une telle pratique à diverses périodes sont méconnus. Les effets de la disponibilité du pollen sur le développement de colonies d’abeilles ont été mesurés pendant 3 différentes périodes : au printemps, durant la pollinisation de la canneberge et à la fin de l’été. À chacune des périodes correspondait une expérience distincte utilisant 40 colonies. Pour chaque expérience, des conditions d’abondance de supplément de pollen et de restriction de pollen naturel étaient créées chez les colonies pendant un mois selon un plan d’expérience factorielle 2x2. L’élevage du couvain et la récolte de miel ont été mesurés jusqu’à la fin de l’été (début de l’été suivant pour l’expérience de fin d’été). Au printemps, les colonies restreintes en pollen naturel ont élevé 18% moins de couvain (p<0.05) pendant la période de restriction et 11% de moins à la fin de l’été alors que l’utilisation du supplément n’a eu aucun effet (p>0.05). Les colonies supplémentées durant la pollinisation des canneberges ont élevé moins de couvain (p<0.05) à la fin de l’été. Pour l’expérience de fin d’été, les colonies supplémentées ont eut une meilleure reprise printanière (p<0.05) de l’élevage du couvain (60% de plus) alors qu’une restriction en pollen naturel avait un effet négatif (p>0.05). Les récoltes de miel ont été augmentées (p<0.05) de 1,3 kg pendant la pollinisation de la canneberge alors qu’elles ont été diminuées (p<0.05)par une restriction en pollen naturel de 4,2 kg à la fin de l’été et de 15 kg au printemps. / The use of pollen supplement is a countermeasure to honey bee malnutrition which is identified as one of the factors causing high colonies losses over the past few years in Quebec. There is little documentation on the results of using pollen supplement during different periods. The effects of pollen availability and supplementation on the development of honey bee colonies were examined during 3 different periods: in spring, during cranberry pollination and in late summer. Each period was a distinct study using 40 different colonies. In each study, pollen supplemented and pollen restricted conditions were created for one month in 10 colonies per treatment group in a 2x2 factorial design experiment. Brood rearing and honey yield were monitored until the end of summer for the spring and the cranberry pollination studies and until the end of the following spring for the late summer study. In the spring study, pollen restricted colonies reared 18% less brood (p<0.05) during the restriction period and 11% less brood (p<0.05) by the end of summer while pollen supplement had no effect (p>0.05). Colonies supplemented during cranberry pollination study reared less brood (p<0.05) by the end of summer. In the late summer study, supplemented colonies had a greater (p<0.05) spring build-up (60% more brood) and pollen restriction negatively influence (p<0.05) brood rearing. Honey yield was decreased (p<0.05) by 15 kg in colonies exposed to a pollen restriction in spring. It was increased by 1.3 kg (p<0.05) in pollen supplemented colonies during the cranberry pollination study and was reduced by 4.2 kg (p<0.05) in pollen restricted colonies in the late summer study. In conclusion, pollen supplement improved colonies population when fed in late summer and not during spring or in cranberry pollination and was without impact on honey yield.