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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The relationship study of the hospital organization culture, leadership,and organizational citizenship behaviors.

Lee, June-Shain 25 August 2003 (has links)
The relationship study of the hospital organization culture, leadership,and organizational citizenship behaviors. Abstract This research is aimed at hospital organization culture, leadership, organizational citizenship behaviors of medical organizations. The sample of this research focuses on 10 local teaching medical centers in southern Taiwan, which includes 51 departments and superiors, and the number of polled employees reaches 273.This has resulted in: ¡]1¡^Leadership and organizational citizenship behaviors have positively correlation; contingent reward is most correlated with courtesy.¡]2¡^Organizational culture and organizational citizenship behaviors have positively correlation; social responsibility is most correlated with civic virtue.¡]3¡^Organizational culture and leadership have positively correlation; scientific truth seeking is most correlated with providing an appropriate model.¡]4¡^ Leadership positively associates with organizational citizenship behaviors; identifying and articulating a vision is the most associated with conscientiousness.¡]5¡^ Organizational culture positively associates with organizational citizenship behaviors; in this item, civic virtue is most affected¡]6¡^ Organizational culture positively associates with leadership; scientific truth seeking is the major factor to providing an appropriate model. As to the influence of the interaction of leadership and organizational culture to organizational citizenship behaviors, the result is as the following: ¡]1¡^in the condition of emphasizing on social responsibility culture, providing individualized support positively associates with courtesy base on low social responsibility while the 2 factors are not obviously related to each other base on high social responsibility; providing individualized support positively associates with altruism base on low social responsibility while these two factors are negatively associative to each other base on high social responsibility ¡]2¡^in the condition of emphasizing on strengthening relations culture, providing individualized support positively associates with altruism base on weak relations while the 2 factors are negatively associates to each other base on high strong relations ¡]3¡^in the condition of emphasizing on customer orientation culture, providing individualized support positively associates with civic virtue base on weak customer orientation while the 2 factors are negatively associates to each other base on strong customer orientation ¡]4¡^ in the condition of emphasizing on scientific truth seeking, high performance expectations positively associates with civic virtue, however, high performance expectations influences civic virtue more in strong scientific truth seeking than in weak scientific truth seeking ¡]5¡^ in the condition of emphasizing on integrity and trust culture, high performance expectations positively associates with altruism, however, high performance expectations influences altruism more in strong integrity and trust culture than in weak integrity and trust culture. Furthermore, providing individualized support positively associates with altruism; in comparison with strong integrity and trust culture, the influence between these two factors is more in weak integrity and trust culture.
2

La question sociale en santé : L'hôpital public et l'accès aux soins des personnes en marge du système de santé en France à l'aube du XXe siècle / The social question in the french public : Care access for poor people

Geeraert, Jérémy 17 October 2017 (has links)
Ce travail porte sur l’étude du traitement de la question sociale dans le domaine de la santé à l’hôpitalpublic au prisme des rapports de pouvoir et de l’organisation du système de santé. Ainsi, l’enquête sociologiquea porté sur les Permanences d’accès aux soins de santé (PASS) présentes au sein d’hôpitaux publics enFrance et dont l’accès est réservé aux personnes éloignées du système de santé, dont le cas emblématiqueest celui de l’étranger sans papier.La méthode a consisté à combiner des éléments sociohistoriques et une enquête empirique qui s’est dérouléesur trois années auprès de seize PASS implantées dans huit villes et au sein d’organismes en lien avecelles, telles des associations ou encore les tutelles institutionnelles. Des observations et des entretiens semidirectifsauprès de professionnels ont été réalisés (n=40).D’abord, l’étude de la généalogie de la question sociale en santé en France montre comment s’estprogressivement constitué à la fin du XXe siècle un espace du soin de la précarité visant à prendrespécifiquement en charge des groupes sociaux parmi les plus défavorisés. Cet espace de soin spécifique aconnu une institutionnalisation dans le système hospitalier public français au cours des années 1990,s’inscrivant à la fois dans le champ de la santé publique et dans celui de la lutte contre l’exclusion. Il remplitdes objectifs (bio-)politiques multiples : lutter contre l’exclusion sociale, garantir un droit à la santé, protégerla santé de la population générale. En second, l’étude des PASS dans l’organisation hospitalière conclut à leurmise en difficulté par les deux modèles dominants concurrents (spécialisation technique et néo-managérial).Face à cette situation, diverses stratégies (d’adaptation et d’autonomisation) sont déployées par différentsacteurs à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur de l’hôpital. Enfin un troisième résultat relève de l’analyse des catégoriesde patients produites lors des interactions avec les professionnels des PASS. Elle met en lumière le rôle qu’ellesjouent dans la stratification du système de santé à ses marges les plus basses. Les patients sont ainsi séparésen groupes plus ou moins légitimes selon des critères de citoyenneté et de solvabilité auxquels sont attribuéesdes valeurs de la vie différenciées. Cela se caractérise dans le quotidien des PASS, par une tension permanenteentre inclusion et exclusion du patient et une distribution différenciée des soins. Un gouvernement individualiséet flexible permet de poursuivre dans un tel contexte la multiplicité des objectifs (bio-)politiques. / This thesis explores how the “social question” (question sociale) is managed as an issue of health at publichospitals through the lens of power relations and health care structures. To this end, the sociological studyexamines the “healthcare access unit” (Permanence d’accès aux soins de santé, PASS) of public hospitals in France,which are reserved for persons who are excluded from the healthcare system – most notably irregular migrants.The employed methods combine a socio-historical analysis with ethnographic fieldwork — including participantobservation and semi-structured interviews (n=40) — conducted over the course of three years in sixteen PASSunits based at eight different hospitals, and in the broader structures within which they exist (i.e. associationsand institutional guardianships).In the first section, a genealogy of the “social question” in health in France demonstrates how space for thehealthcare of poverty has emerged at the end of the 20th century, which specifically targets social groups amongthe most destitute. This space of a particular type of care was increasingly institutionalized in the public hospitalsystem during the 1990’s, embedding itself in both the field of public health and in the fight against socialexclusion. This space fulfills several (bio)political objectives: fighting social exclusion, ensuring a right to health,and protecting the health of the population as a whole. Second, an analysis of PASS units in the organisation ofpublic hospitals exposes how they are weakened through two dominant and competing models (technicalspecialization and new public management). Faced with this situation, varied strategies (ex. of adaptation andempowerment) are employed by different actors inside and outside of the hospital. Lastly, a third section lays outthe categories of patients that are produced during interactions with professionals from PASS units. It exposesthe role of these categories in the stratification of the health care system along its lowest margins. Patients aredivided into more or less legitimate groups - based on criteria of citizenship and of solvency – each of which areafforded differentiated values of life. These dynamics are characterized by a permanent tension betweeninclusion and exclusion in the field, and by a differentiated distribution of health care. In such a context, anindividualized and flexible government allows for the pursuit of these multiple (bio)political objectives.
3

Nursing resource management--: current practices and alternatives.

January 2000 (has links)
by Chan Wai Han, Florence, Hui Wendy Wan Yee. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf [44]).
4

Uma abordagem motivacional do trabalho dos t?cnicos de enfermagem em um hospital militar / A boarding of motivation of the work of the technician of nursing in a military hospital

Dias, Simone Maria Menezes 21 December 2005 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005-Simone Maria Menezes Dias.pdf: 818822 bytes, checksum: 733387871092d6081fac6e743212f854 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-21 / This research aims to verify the motivation in the work of the civil and military technician of nursing and to identify to the profile of the workers and its necessities. This study offers subsidies for elaboration of Plans of Action that can increase the motivation of the civil and military workers of Nursing in a hospital organization, thus making possible one better exploitation of the Human resources of this sector. In the present work, concepts on motivation had been presented and the specific work of the Nursing. How much the methodology is about an observation and a fieldwork research with application of questionnaires, being composed for three parts, including open and closed questions. The results proved that profile of a military worker and the profile of a civil worker exerting the same function, of Technician of Nursing in a hospital organization. The work makes clear that, although all participants were nursing workers, they have different profiles, once they are under distinct rules and have not the same obligations. In this sense, motivation is also different for each studied group. It was since the civil and military servers present distinct profiles, however present similarity in the form in as each group if it motivates. Thus, it is confirmed that the motivation can be stimulated in one determined group, but cannot be generated, depending therefore on each individual if to motivate and the action of the controlling to promote and to stimulate this motivation. / Esta pesquisa objetivou verificar a motiva??o no trabalho dos t?cnicos de enfermagem civis e militares e identificar o perfil dos trabalhadores e as suas necessidades. Portanto, este estudo oferece subs?dios para elabora??o de Planos de A??o que possam aumentar a motiva??o dos t?cnicos de enfermagem civis e militares em uma organiza??o hospitalar, possibilitando assim um melhor aproveitamento dos Recursos Humanos deste setor. No presente trabalho, foram apresentados conceitos sobre motiva??o e o trabalho espec?fico da Enfermagem. Quanto ? metodologia trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo com observa??o e aplica??o de question?rios, sendo composto por tr?s partes, incluindo quest?es abertas e fechadas. Como resultado evidenciou-se o perfil de um trabalhador militar e o perfil de um trabalhador civil exercendo a mesma fun??o, a de T?cnico de Enfermagem em uma organiza??o hospitalar. O trabalho mostra que apesar de exercerem a mesma fun??o esses trabalhadores possuem perfis diferentes, uma vez que est?o subordinados a regras e obriga??es distintas. Com isto a resposta ? motiva??o tamb?m ? diferente para cada grupo estudado. Foi visto que os servidores civis e militares apresentam perfis distintos, no entanto apresentam similaridade na forma em como cada grupo se motiva. Assim, confirma-se que a motiva??o pode ser estimulada em um determinado grupo, mas n?o pode ser gerada, dependendo portanto de cada indiv?duo se motivar e da a??o dos gerentes de promover e estimular esta motiva??o.
5

Gestão em hotelaria hospitalar: estudo de casos dos hospitais filantrópicos de excelência em São Paulo / Hospitality management: case study of philanthropic hospitals of excellence in São Paulo

Borges, Luzeni Pereira 04 June 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luzeni Pereira Borges.pdf: 483205 bytes, checksum: da705dda3c1f34e1507aed15bf112f50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-04 / Hospital organizations have an important role in the market due to its economic, social function and to promote health to the people. They are complex and unique institutions, given the history, structure, variety of employees, local legislation, among other features. As part of hospital management, hospitality has received much emphasis on the aspects of humanization of care and in shaping the strategy associated with increased efficiency and competitiveness. To make the stay of the patient experience more enjoyable and make life easier for doctors who serve the institution, many hospitals are creating additional services using the tools from the service industry, especially hotels. The aim of this study is to analyze the hospitality management in philanthropic hospitals of excellence located in the city of São Paulo and understand how they work toward these new services. To analyze the hospitality management, we chose a reference group of hospitals in the Brazilian health system with Certificado de Entidade Beneficente de Assistência Social (philanthropic), accredited and considered to be of excellence by the Brazilian Health Department. We adopted an approach empirical-analytic, by conducting multiple case studies. The results of the study have identified that the hospitality management is not a differentiation factor or a competitive advantage but a case of leveling between the studied hospitals a way that allow to provide the same service level offered by other hospitals of excellence / As organizações hospitalares têm um importante papel no mercado por sua função econômica, social e por promover a saúde. São instituições complexas e particulares, dada a história, a estrutura, a variedade da mão de obra, a legislação local, entre outras características. No âmbito da gestão hospitalar, a hotelaria tem recebido destaque tanto nos aspectos de humanização do atendimento quanto na conformação da estratégia associada ao aumento de eficiência e competitividade. Para transformar a estada do paciente em uma experiência mais prazerosa e facilitar a vida dos médicos que atendem na instituição, muitos hospitais estão criando serviços adicionais utilizando as ferramentas da indústria de serviços, especialmente dos hotéis. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a gestão da hotelaria hospitalar em instituições hospitalares filantrópicas de excelência localizadas na cidade de São Paulo e entender como elas atuam frente a esses serviços. Para analisar a gestão da hotelaria hospitalar, escolhemos um grupo de hospitais referência na saúde brasileira, portadores de Certificado de Entidade Beneficente de Assistência Social (filantrópicos), acreditados e considerados de excelência pelo Ministério da Saúde. Adotamos abordagem metodológica empíricoanalítica, por meio da condução de estudos de casos múltiplos. Os resultados do estudo permitiram identificar que a gestão da hotelaria hospitalar não é um fator de diferenciação e de vantagem competitiva, mas sim de equiparação entre esses hospitais estudados um caminho para não deixar de disponibilizar o mesmo nível de serviço oferecido pelos demais hospitais de excelência
6

Para que serve uma enfermaria de clínica médica?: reflexões a partir de um hospital universitário. / What is the purpose of an internal medicine infirmary?: thoughts from a university hospital.

Julia Kleve Berg 27 April 2015 (has links)
Esse trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre a relação entre a organização da estrutura hospitalar baseada em sua divisão por enfermarias de especialidades e a perpetuação da lógica fragmentadora própria da Biomedicina, racionalidade médica hegemônica ocidental. O campo estudado foi o Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto. Através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com médicos clínicos, especialistas e profissionais responsáveis pela regulação de vagas desse hospital é discutida a existência de dois discursos diferentes: o discurso clínico e o discurso especialista. A partir da análise dessas entrevistas, foi apontada e debatida a profunda relação entre esses discursos, a estrutura hospitalar e a assistência médica oferecida aos pacientes. A análise realizada evidencia que embora os dois discursos estejam absolutamente inseridos no paradigma biomédico, a clínica médica se identifica e é identificada como responsável pelo paciente como um todo, enquanto as especialidades são reconhecidas como responsáveis apenas por uma determinada parte. Essa diferença apresentou influência tanto na forma de cuidar do paciente, como na função de cada serviço dentro do hospital. As enfermarias de clínica se caracterizaram por serem setores consensualmente capazes de conduzir satisfatoriamente a maioria dos pacientes.Se por um lado a abrangência da clínica é motivo de orgulho para os clínicos, por outro, a falta de autonomia decorrente dessa característica determina um sentimento de depreciação por parte desses profissionais. Esse trabalho foi realizado sob perspectiva hermenêutica filosófica proposta por Hans-Georg Gadamer e com o auxílio dos conceitos de paradigma proposto por Thomas Kuhn e estilo de pensamento elaborado por Ludwik Fleck. / This work proposes a reflection on the relation between the hospital organizational structure based on its division in specialties infirmaries and the perpetuation of the fragmenting logic peculiar to biomedicine, the hegemonic western medical rationale. The field of study was Pedro Ernesto University Hospital. Through semi-structured interviews with general physicians, specialists and professionals in charge of hospital admissions the existence of two different discourses is examined: the clinical discourse and the specialist discourse. The analysis of these interviews pointed out and considered the deep relation between both discourses, the hospital structure and the medical care provided to patients. The investigation reveals that, although both discourses are definitely inserted in the biomedical paradigm, internal medicine identifies itself and is identified as responsible for the patient as a whole, whereas the specialties are seen as responsible for only a specific part. This difference influenced not only the manner of treating the patient but also the purpose of each service within the hospital. The clinical infirmaries were characterized as sectors consensually capable of satisfactorily dealing with the majority of patients. If on the one hand the broad scope of internal medicine is a source of pride to physicians, on the other hand the lack of autonomy that follows this characteristic determines a feeling of self-deprecation among some of these professionals. This work was made from a hermeneutic philosophical perspective such as one proposed by Hans-Georg Gadamer, with the aid of Thomas Kuhns concept of paradigm and Ludwik Flecks concept of thought style.
7

Para que serve uma enfermaria de clínica médica?: reflexões a partir de um hospital universitário. / What is the purpose of an internal medicine infirmary?: thoughts from a university hospital.

Julia Kleve Berg 27 April 2015 (has links)
Esse trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre a relação entre a organização da estrutura hospitalar baseada em sua divisão por enfermarias de especialidades e a perpetuação da lógica fragmentadora própria da Biomedicina, racionalidade médica hegemônica ocidental. O campo estudado foi o Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto. Através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com médicos clínicos, especialistas e profissionais responsáveis pela regulação de vagas desse hospital é discutida a existência de dois discursos diferentes: o discurso clínico e o discurso especialista. A partir da análise dessas entrevistas, foi apontada e debatida a profunda relação entre esses discursos, a estrutura hospitalar e a assistência médica oferecida aos pacientes. A análise realizada evidencia que embora os dois discursos estejam absolutamente inseridos no paradigma biomédico, a clínica médica se identifica e é identificada como responsável pelo paciente como um todo, enquanto as especialidades são reconhecidas como responsáveis apenas por uma determinada parte. Essa diferença apresentou influência tanto na forma de cuidar do paciente, como na função de cada serviço dentro do hospital. As enfermarias de clínica se caracterizaram por serem setores consensualmente capazes de conduzir satisfatoriamente a maioria dos pacientes.Se por um lado a abrangência da clínica é motivo de orgulho para os clínicos, por outro, a falta de autonomia decorrente dessa característica determina um sentimento de depreciação por parte desses profissionais. Esse trabalho foi realizado sob perspectiva hermenêutica filosófica proposta por Hans-Georg Gadamer e com o auxílio dos conceitos de paradigma proposto por Thomas Kuhn e estilo de pensamento elaborado por Ludwik Fleck. / This work proposes a reflection on the relation between the hospital organizational structure based on its division in specialties infirmaries and the perpetuation of the fragmenting logic peculiar to biomedicine, the hegemonic western medical rationale. The field of study was Pedro Ernesto University Hospital. Through semi-structured interviews with general physicians, specialists and professionals in charge of hospital admissions the existence of two different discourses is examined: the clinical discourse and the specialist discourse. The analysis of these interviews pointed out and considered the deep relation between both discourses, the hospital structure and the medical care provided to patients. The investigation reveals that, although both discourses are definitely inserted in the biomedical paradigm, internal medicine identifies itself and is identified as responsible for the patient as a whole, whereas the specialties are seen as responsible for only a specific part. This difference influenced not only the manner of treating the patient but also the purpose of each service within the hospital. The clinical infirmaries were characterized as sectors consensually capable of satisfactorily dealing with the majority of patients. If on the one hand the broad scope of internal medicine is a source of pride to physicians, on the other hand the lack of autonomy that follows this characteristic determines a feeling of self-deprecation among some of these professionals. This work was made from a hermeneutic philosophical perspective such as one proposed by Hans-Georg Gadamer, with the aid of Thomas Kuhns concept of paradigm and Ludwik Flecks concept of thought style.
8

Oferta de leitos hospitalares em Taubaté: uma análise comparada da prática versus Portaria 1101/GM / Offering of hospital beds in Taubaté: a compared analysis of the practice versus Ordinance 1101/GM

Glauco Henrique Marini 27 August 2010 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi examinar a prática adotada para disponibilização de leitos para internação pelos hospitais públicos da cidade de Taubaté - SP. Os hospitais-foco desse estudo foram escolhidos por acessibilidade não probabilística e os entrevistados selecionados por interesse dentro do perfil de caráter Público. O estudo possibilitou identificar eventuais lacunas e oportunidades de melhoria na gestão pública hospitalar, observar fatores e variáveis socioeconômicos e demográficos como, por exemplo, receitas Estaduais e Municipais, renda per capita, taxas Estaduais e Municipais e Dados Territoriais, além do número de internações por especialidades. O método utilizado foi a pesquisa de natureza exploratório-descritiva e documental. Foi utilizada uma entrevista semi-estruturada junto aos gestores dos hospitais pesquisados. Após a coleta, por meio de documentos fornecidos por órgãos reguladores e entrevistas com os respectivos gestores, os dados foram examinados e comparados com os parâmetros da Portaria MS n 1101/GM. Diante dos resultados encontrados concluiu-se que os hospitais públicos dessa cidade atendem parcialmente aos parâmetros estabelecidos pela Portaria 1101/GM. Em particular, no que diz respeito às internações por especialidades médicas, há um cenário de muitas oportunidades para os gestores hospitalares, a começar pela expertise na gestão pública profissionalizada, arraigada no processo de melhoria contínua na qual há a necessidade de mudanças no sistema de administração hospitalar, devido à complexidade dessa organização. Enfim, é imprescindível que haja a inter-relação dos saberes interdisciplinares eivados na busca do conhecimento do todo da organização hospitalar e também em partes devido à pluralidade de profissionais de diferentes formações e de serviços. Há oportunidades na gestão da saúde por meio de ações preventivas, não tardias ou dispendiosas, com diagnósticos precisos e tratamento multidisciplinar. Essa mudança seria um alvo a ser atingido. / The aim of this paper is to examine the practice adopted for the provision of beds for public hospitals by the city of Taubaté - SP. The hospitals focused on this study were chosen for non-probabilistic accessibility, and the interviewees selected by interest in the public character profile. The study enabled to identify possible gaps and opportunities for improvement in public hospital management, observe socioeconomic factors and demographic variables such as, for example, state and local income, per capita income, state and local taxes, territorial data, besides the number of hospitalizations for specialties. The method used was the exploratory-descriptive and documentary research. Data were collected through a semi-structured interviews with the managers of the hospitals surveyed and through the documents provided by regulatory agency. Afterwards, the corpora were examined and compared with the parameters of Ordinance No. 1101 G / M MS. Considering the results, it was concluded that public hospitals in this city partially meet the parameters established by this ordinance. Consequently, regarding the admissions to medical specialties, there are many opportunities for hospital managers, starting with expertise in professionalized public administration ingrained in the process of continuous improvement, which there is a need for changes in the hospital administration system, due the complexity of the organization. Finally, it is crucial that the interrelationship of interdisciplinary knowledge riddled in the pursuit of knowledge of the whole hospital organization, and also the parts, due to the plurality of different backgrounds and professional services. In short, there are opportunities in health management through preventive actions, not late or expensive, with precise diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment, in other words, a change to be conquered.
9

"Eventos adversos e óbitos hospitalares em serviço de emergências clínicas de um hospital universitário terciário: um olhar para a qualidade da atenção" / Adverse events and hospital deaths at the medical emergency department of a major university teaching hospital: a glance at the quality of care

Gallotti, Renata Mahfuz Daud 03 December 2003 (has links)
Eventos adversos (EAs), definidos como complicações não intencionais decorrentes do cuidado prestado, são reconhecidos como um dos maiores problemas na área da saúde. Embora a maior parte dos eventos acarrete incapacitações leves, uma proporção considerável está relacionada à morte de pacientes. O atendimento de urgência é considerado importante fator de risco para o desencadeamento destas complicações. No Brasil, estudos relacionados a este tema não foram publicados até o momento. O presente estudo objetivou identificar a ocorrência de EAs em pacientes admitidos por acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) ao Pronto-Socorro de Clínica Médica (PSM) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP) e determinar as categorias de EAs associadas a óbito. Este estudo caso-controle pareado envolveu 468 pacientes admitidos por AVC ao PSM-HCFMUSP no período de março de 1996 a setembro de 1999. O grupo-caso compreendeu 234 óbitos hospitalares consecutivos e o grupo-controle 234 pacientes que receberam alta, pareados pelo diagnóstico provisório e pela época de internação. Eventos adversos, detectados por revisão de prontuários, foram classificados segundo sua gravidade, causas imediatas, sistemas acometidos e categorias profissionais envolvidas no cuidado aos pacientes. A associação com óbito foi analisada por regressão logística multivariada condicional, incluindo variáveis relacionadas a aspectos demográficos, gravidade do quadro inicial e características da assistência. Nos 468 pacientes foram identificados 1.218 EAs: 932 EAs (76,5%) em 170 casos e 286 EAs (23,5%) em 125 controles. Eventos adversos major corresponderam a 54,1% do total de eventos, com 659 episódios: 538 eventos em 143 casos e 121 em 65 controles. Os procedimentos diagnósticos e terapêuticos e os cuidados de enfermagem foram responsáveis em conjunto por 55,2% do total de eventos. Em relação ao tipo de sistema afetado, 46,0% dos EAs identificados ocasionaram manifestações gerais. Eventos adversos relacionados à enfermagem e EAs médicos representaram as categorias profissionais de EAs mais freqüentes (38,4% e 31,0% do total de eventos). Uma associação significante com óbito foi encontrada em relação a EAs major, EAs médicos e infecções hospitalares, com valores de OR ajustado estimados em 3,72 (IC 95% = 1,63-8,48), 3,69 (IC 95% = 1,60-8,50) e 3,20 (IC 95% = 1,20-8,51), respectivamente. Em resumo, eventos adversos, na sua maioria graves, foram freqüentes em casos e controles, determinando predominantemente manifestações gerais. Os procedimentos diagnósticos e terapêuticos e os cuidados de enfermagem corresponderam às principais causas imediatas de EAs. Em relação à categoria profissional envolvida, os EAs relacionados à enfermagem e os eventos médicos predominaram. Eventos adversos major, EAs médicos e as infecções hospitalares associaram-se de maneira significante com óbito em pacientes com AVC admitidos ao Pronto-Socorro de Clínica Médica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo / Adverse events (AEs), defined as unintended injuries caused by medical care, are recognized as a major health problem. Although most of them lead to minimal impairments, a considerable proportion is related to patients’ death. Urgent care is considered an important AE risk factor. No related Brazilian studies were published so far. The present study aimed to identify the occurrence of AEs in patients admitted for stroke to the medical emergency department of the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP) and to determine the AEs’ categories associated to death. This paired case-control study enrolled 468 patients admitted for stroke to the HCFMUSP medical emergency department from March 1996 to September 1999. The cases comprised 234 consecutive deaths and the controls 234 discharged patients, matched for primary diagnosis and admission period. AEs, detected by retrospective chart review, were classified with regard to their severity, immediate causes, affected systems and professional involved in patient care. The association with death was analyzed by multivariate conditional regression including variables related to demographic aspects, clinical severity on admission and care characteristics. A total of 1,218 AEs were identified in 468 patients: 932 AEs (76.5%) in 170 cases and 286 AEs (23.5%) in 125 controls. Major AEs corresponded to 54.1% of all AEs, with 659 episodes: 538 events in 143 cases and 121 in 65 controls. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and nursing activities accounted together for 55.2% of all events. Concerning the affected system, 46.0% of the identified AEs lead to general manifestations. Nursing and medical AEs represented the most frequent professional categories involved (38.4% and 31.0% of all events). A significant association with death was found regarding major AEs, medical AEs and nosocomial infections, with adjusted OR estimates of 3.72 (95% IC = 1.63-8.48), 3.69 (95% IC = 1.60-8.50) and 3.20 (95% IC = 1.20-8.51), respectively. In summary, adverse events, most of them severe, were frequent in cases and controls, leading mainly to general manifestations. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and nursing activities corresponded to the main AEs’ immediate causes. Regarding the professional involved, AEs related to nurses and physicians predominated. Major AEs, medical AEs and nosocomial infectious were significantly associated to death in stroke patients admitted to the medical emergency department of the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
10

"A gestão de unidades de saúde mental em hospitais gerais na grande São Paulo". / General hospital psychiatric units management in São Paulo metropolitan area

Lucchesi, Maurício 24 October 2001 (has links)
Apesar de terem surgido há mais de um século na Europa, o crescimento do número de unidades de saúde mental em hospitais gerais no Brasil veio de encontro às diretrizes das reformas sanitária e psiquiátrica propaladas partir da década de setenta. Desde então, essas unidades não foram submetidas a uma avaliação sistemática. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo conhecer os modos de funcionamento, a inserção na rede de assistência à saúde mental e o compromisso populacional de algumas dessas unidades na Região Metropolitana da Grande São Paulo. Para isso buscou-se obter, segundo a lógica de um processo avaliatório, as premissas que norteariam o uso de informações por gestores situados em diversos níveis em relação às unidades estudadas. Os resultados evidenciaram falta de clareza quanto ao papel desse tipo de equipamento dentro da rede assistencial, o que parece ser fruto da ausência de uma política de saúde mental na região. As dificuldades mais freqüentemente relatadas, como a impossibilidade de garantir a vinculação de pacientes em serviços extra-hospitalares especializados após a internação e a grande proporção de pacientes que chegam aos pronto-atendimentos sem necessitarem de um cuidado de urgência, não foram tidas como passíveis de algum tipo de resposta por parte dos hospitais gerais. Nas unidades, onde se privilegiam informações sobre a produção dos serviços em detrimento da avaliação do acesso e do impacto no estado de saúde da população que reside na área de abrangência do hospital, há um funcionamento independente do restante da rede, o que contribui para a fragmentação e iniqüidade da assistência à saúde mental. Um dos principais exemplos é a exclusão de pacientes das enfermarias psiquiátricas dos hospitais gerais, particularmente os cronificados, cuja patologia impossibilita a efetividade da terapêutica médica dentro do prazo estipulado para a internação. Em contrapartida, foram identificadas iniciativas que pretendem resgatar a integralidade da atenção, prioritariamente aos pacientes que merecem intervenções de maior complexidade e de longo prazo. Quanto ao cuidado aos pacientes portadores de transtornos mentais mais prevalentes, uma alternativa seria utilizar mecanismos de pressão – entre os quais informações sobre a utilização dos pronto-atendimentos psiquiátricos – para que os gestores municipais passem a investir nesse sentido. / Although having appeared more than a century ago in Europe, the increase in the number of mental health units in general hospitals in Brazil met the guidelines of the public health and psychiatric reforms propagated since the early seventies. Since then, these units haven't been submitted to a systematic assessment. The objective of present work was to be acquainted with the functioning modes of some of these units in São Paulo metropolitan area, their insertion in the mental health assistance system and their commitment to the population. In order to do so, there was an attempt to obtain, according to an assessment logic, the premisses guiding the use of information by the managers situated in different levels in relation to the studied units. The findings showed little clarity concerning the uses of such instruments inside the assistance system, which seems to be connected to the lack of a mental health policy for the studied region. The most frequently mentioned difficulties, like the impossibility to guarantee the patient the continuity of the treatment in the extra hospital services, after he has left the hospital, and the great proportion of patients that arrive at urgency services without having the need to receive urgent care, were not seen as something that general hospitals themselves could contribute to. The units, where the information about the services' production were privileged to the prejudice of the assesment of the services' access and the impact of the unit on the healthconditions of the population living under its referal areas, function independently of the rest of the mental health services, which contributes to the mental health care fragmentation and iniquity. One of the principal examples is the exclusion of patients from the the general hospitals' psychiatric inpatient services, especially the chronically mentally ill, whose pathologies make an effective treatment impossible, considering the period of time set for hospitalization. On the other hand, there has been identified initiatives that wish to redeem the integrate care, especially for the patients that require a more complex and long run treatment. An alternative for the care of the patients that have the most prevalent disabilities would be the use of pressure mechanisms – like information concerning the uses of psychiatric urgency services – to estimulate local managers investments.

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