La vie et l'oeuvre de Howard Zinn cristallisent un ensemble de dynamiques contradictoires. Issu d'une génération marquée par la Grande Dépression et la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il deviendra - à la différence d'autres figures publiques de sa génération - une figure phare de la nouvelle gauche et de son pendant historiographique, la nouvelle histoire sociale. Hissé ainsi au rang d'intellectuel engagé suite aux mouvements sociaux des années 1960, il reste pourtant influencé par la Weltanschauung de son temps. Or loin d'être une trajectoire atypique au sein de sa classe d'âge, un tel parcours permet d'éclairer autrement les comportements collectifs de cette génération, notamment en permettant de s'extraire d'une grille de lecture encore largement axée sur des identités culturelles spécifiques. A ce titre, il permet une relecture des générations intellectuelles aux Etats-Unis associant des communautés trop souvent dissociées selon une approche idéologique plus inclusive.

Solar radiation is a primary driving force behind a number of solar energy applications such as photovoltaic systems for electricity generation amongst others. Hence, the accurate modelling and prediction of the solar flux incident at a particular location, is essential for the design and performance prediction of solar energy conversion systems. In this regard, literature shows that time series models such as the Box-Jenkins Seasonal/Non-seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (S/ARIMA) stochastic models have considerable efficacy to describe, monitor and forecast solar radiation data series at various sites on the earths surface (see e.g. Reikard, 2009). This success is attributable to their ability to capture the stochastic component of the irradiance series due to the effects of the ever-changing atmospheric conditions. On the other hand at the top of the atmosphere, there are no such conditions and deterministic models which have been used successfully to model extra-terrestrial solar radiation. One such modelling procedure is the use of a sinusoidal predictor at determined harmonic (Fourier) frequencies to capture the inherent periodicities (seasonalities) due to the diurnal cycle. We combine this deterministic model component and SARIMA models to construct harmonically coupled SARIMA (HCSARIMA) models to model the resulting mixture of stochastic and deterministic components of solar radiation recorded at the earths surface. A comparative study of these two classes of models is undertaken for the horizontal global solar irradiance incident on the solar panels at UKZN Howard College (UKZN HC), located at 29.9º South, 30.98º East with elevation, 151.3m. The results indicated that both SARIMA and HCSARIMA models are good in describing the underlying data generating processes for all data series with respect to different diagnostics. In terms of the predictive ability, the HCSARIMA models generally had a competitive edge over the SARIMA models in most cases. Also, a tentative study of long range dependence (long memory) shows this phenomenon to be inherent in high frequency data series. Therefore autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA) models are recommended for further studies on high frequency irradiance. / M.Sc. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 2014.

Les professions d'aumônier et d'animateur de pastorale dans le milieu hospitalier font aujourd'hui place à celle d'intervenant(e) en soins spirituels. Ces professionnels de la santé possèdent une formation universitaire, ont complété des stages cliniques en soins spirituels et font partie des équipes multidisciplinaires au même titre que les psychologues et les travailleurs sociaux. Au Québec, la nouveauté de cette participation active dans les soins offerts aux patients a de quoi faire réagir : comment peut-on passer aussi rapidement d'une pastorale catholique à une profession clinique non-confessionnelle? La spiritualité a-t-elle sa place dans une équipe de soins? Ces réactions sont compréhensibles, surtout lorsqu'on considère le peu de travail qui a été fait pour faire connaître les origines américaines de cette discipline et pour présenter aux cercles francophones les approches et les concepts élaborés par des dizaines d'auteurs depuis près de 90 ans. Cette recherche a pour objectif de pallier à ce manque en présentant trois auteurs marquants du 20e siècle aux États-Unis ayant eu un impact considérable sur le domaine du Pastoral care et du Spiritual care : Anton Boisen, Howard Clinebell et Henri Nouwen. Cette étude comparative place les trois auteurs dans leur contexte socio-historique, présente leurs approches de Spiritual care et met en lumière les convergences et les divergences observées entre celles-ci. L'hypothèse qu'une meilleure compréhension de la discipline, de son évolution et de son avenir émergerait d'une telle étude et que des orientations pertinentes pourraient en découler a motivé l'accomplissement de ce travail. Cette recherche démontre que Boisen, Clinebell et Nouwen s'entendent sur la majorité des points, notamment sur la présence des professionnels du Spiritual care au sein des équipes traitantes, sur l'aspect central du savoir expérientiel de ces professionnels, sur l'obligation d'avoir une bonne compréhension du potentiel à la fois bénéfique et nuisible des croyances religieuses et sur l'importance de savoir adapter la profession à travers les époques et les sociétés sans toutefois renier son histoire et ses fondements théologiques. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Anton T. Boisen, Howard Clinebell, Henri J. M. Nouwen, soins spirituels, spiritualité, religion, aumônier, pastorale, hôpital, santé, care, counseling.

This study documents the problematic translator-publisher relationship in the case of the English translation of Simone de Beauvoir’s Le deuxième sexe. The socio-historical investigation of the case study demonstrates that the 1953 translation was complicated by several factors: the translator’s lack of philosophical knowledge, the editor’s demands to cut and simplify the text, the publisher’s intention to emphasize the book’s scientific cachet, and Beauvoir’s lack of cooperation. The investigation focuses on two aspects: the translator’s subservience and the involvement of multiple actors. Primarily concerned with the interaction between the translator and other actors, this study seeks answers that require investigation into historical documents and the work of other scholars critical of The Second Sex. In this enquiry, more than one hundred letters between the translator, H. M. Parshley, and the publisher, Knopf, are thoroughly analyzed. The study combines Bruno Latour’s and Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological concepts in order to provide a more detailed and encompassing examination within the context of Translation Studies. The letter correspondence is the primary evidence on which the study’s conclusions are based. / Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Tulsa, 1991. / Bibliography: leaves 251-255.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Lehigh University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 222-230).

A presente pesquisa investigou as funções da música no ensino fundamental: um olhar sobre cinco escolas estaduais de Porto Alegre/RS. O assunto proposto foi oportunizado a partir das categorias elencadas por Alan Merriam (1964), etnomusicólogo norte americano. Participaram desta pesquisa cinco escolas estaduais de ensino fundamental da cidade de Porto Alegre/RS e dezessete sujeitos que, de forma voluntária, foram o foco de coleta de material referente ao tema. Os dados para a pesquisa foram obtidos a partir de questionários, observações e entrevistas semi-estruturadas, desde que utilizassem a música em suas atividades. Estas atividades perpassaram o segundo semestre de 2005 e o segundo trimestre de 2006. Verificou-se que as professoras pesquisadas utilizam muito a música em suas atividades, mas principalmente com a função emocional, tendo como objetivo principal acalmar e tranqüilizar os alunos, para o bom desempenho da aula e das atividades escolares. A música é valorizada por seu caráter utilitarista, principalmente como fio condutor que perpassa todas as tarefas escolares.Assim, cada escola revela uma maneira diferente de articular e combinar a música em suas atividades, priorizando o atendimento ao aluno e a imagem da escola ante a comunidade. Com isto, notei como a influência da teoria das inteligências múltiplas, de Gardner tem grande penetração no meio educacional, pois a música auxilia na compreensão de outras disciplinas. Finalizando, destacam-se questões levantadas pela pesquisa e que poderão servir de sugestões para futuras investigações. / The present research has investigated the functions of music in elementary school: a view of five State schools in Porto Alegre/RS. The proposed subject was made possible through categories arranged by Alan Merriam (1964), American ethnomusicologist. Five schools were researched and the research focused on seventeen volunteers as a way of gathering material regarding the theme. The collected data was obtained through questionnaires, observations and semi-structured interviews submitted to teachers who make use of music in their activities. These activities happened throughout the second semester of the year 2005 and the second trimester of the year 2006. It was observed that the participating teachers make large use of music in their activities, but mainly with an emotional function, having as their main goal to calm down the students so they can have a better performance in class and in school activities. Music is valued as a useful tool particularly used to assist on all sort of school tasks.Each school finds different ways to articulate and combine music and their activities, having the student and the image of the school in the community as a priority. I could also notice how Gardner´s theory of multiple intelligences influences education, as music assists on the understanding of other subjects. In the conclusion, questions which were brought up by the research and can be used as suggestions for future investigations are highlighted.

A partir da teoria do escopo formulada por Katharina Reiß e Hans Vermeer em Grundlegung einer allgemeinen Translationstheorie (1984) e de uma expansão do modelo de análise textual de relevância tradutória apresentado por Christiane Nord em Textanalyse und Übersetzen (1988), a presente tese de doutorado apresenta um novo modelo teórico para a execução da TRADUÇÃO RETROSPECTIVA, definida como a tradução a posteriori de um TP (texto precursor) ainda inédito na cultura-alvo que mantenha uma relação de influência e/ou precedência cronológica com um TS (texto sucessor) já traduzido anteriormente para a cultura-alvo, de maneira que a tradução de TP cause a impressão de ser anterior e/ou de ter influenciado a tradução de TS. A tradução retrospectiva tem por objetivo simular, na culturaalvo, a relação existente entre o original de TP e o original de TS na cultura-fonte através de uma inversão das relações de influência literária segundo os moldes propostos por Jorge Luis Borges no ensaio “Kafka y sus precursores”. Uma vez exposto o modelo teórico, o trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso sobre o volume O grande deus Pã, totalmente concebido em função de uma tradução retrospectiva do TP The Great God Pan, de Arthur Machen, feita com uma visada sobre o TS “The Dunwich Horror”, de Howard Phillips Lovecraft, traduzido anteriormente por mim. / By building on the Skopos theory proposed by Katharina Reiß and Hans Vermeer in Grundlegung einer allgemeinen Translationstheorie (1984) and on an expansion of the model for text analysis in translation presented by Christiane Nord in Textanalyse und Übersetzen (1988), this doctoral dissertation introduces a new theoretical model for RETROSPECTIVE TRANSLATION, defined as an a posteriori translation of a PT (precursor text) still unpublished in the target culture which in turn maintains a relationship of influence and/or chronological precedence with an ST (successor text) previously translated in the target culture, so that the translation of PT may seem to have anticipated and/or influenced the translation of ST. The objective of a retrospective translation is to simulate, in the target culture, the existing relation between the original of PT and the original of ST in the source culture by promoting an inversion of traditional literary influence relations inspired by Jorge Luis Borges's essay “Kafka and his precursors”. Once the theoretical model is laid out, there follows a case study of the volume O grande deus Pã, entirely conceived around a retrospective translation of the PT The Great God Pan, by Arthur Machen, done with a backward glance toward the ST “The Dunwich Horror”, by Howard Phillips Lovecraft, previously translated by me.

This thesis explores representations of wild nature in two Arthurian texts – one British and one American – produced in an age characterised by rapid social transformation: Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s Idylls of the King (1859-1885) and Howard Pyle’s Story of King Arthur and His Knights (1903). By investigation of the textual descriptions of wilderness and the portrayals of characters living there, the study aims to investigate what attitudes towards unkempt nature are displayed in the two texts. While both narratives give evidence of a powerful nostalgia for a vanishing paradise, the yearning for Eden is expressed quite differently. Pyle’s text fuses the concepts of wilderness and paradise together by depicting the unkempt landscape as a place of splendour and spiritual enjoyment. Such a celebration of nature might well be seen a reaction against the rapid loss of wild spaces across America (and Britain) during the life-time of the author. In the Idylls, paradise is represented in the domesticated yet green landscape of the faraway fairy island of Avilion. Wilderness, on the other hand, is depicted as a harmful disease progressively spreading across the realm, arguably bringing about a moral degeneration among the human characters. In the end, however, it is not wilderness, but the corruption of the supposedly civilised characters that causes the collapse of Arthur’s empire. On closer inspection, the real danger thus seems to come from culture and material conditions rather than from nature.

A partir da teoria do escopo formulada por Katharina Reiß e Hans Vermeer em Grundlegung einer allgemeinen Translationstheorie (1984) e de uma expansão do modelo de análise textual de relevância tradutória apresentado por Christiane Nord em Textanalyse und Übersetzen (1988), a presente tese de doutorado apresenta um novo modelo teórico para a execução da TRADUÇÃO RETROSPECTIVA, definida como a tradução a posteriori de um TP (texto precursor) ainda inédito na cultura-alvo que mantenha uma relação de influência e/ou precedência cronológica com um TS (texto sucessor) já traduzido anteriormente para a cultura-alvo, de maneira que a tradução de TP cause a impressão de ser anterior e/ou de ter influenciado a tradução de TS. A tradução retrospectiva tem por objetivo simular, na culturaalvo, a relação existente entre o original de TP e o original de TS na cultura-fonte através de uma inversão das relações de influência literária segundo os moldes propostos por Jorge Luis Borges no ensaio “Kafka y sus precursores”. Uma vez exposto o modelo teórico, o trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso sobre o volume O grande deus Pã, totalmente concebido em função de uma tradução retrospectiva do TP The Great God Pan, de Arthur Machen, feita com uma visada sobre o TS “The Dunwich Horror”, de Howard Phillips Lovecraft, traduzido anteriormente por mim. / By building on the Skopos theory proposed by Katharina Reiß and Hans Vermeer in Grundlegung einer allgemeinen Translationstheorie (1984) and on an expansion of the model for text analysis in translation presented by Christiane Nord in Textanalyse und Übersetzen (1988), this doctoral dissertation introduces a new theoretical model for RETROSPECTIVE TRANSLATION, defined as an a posteriori translation of a PT (precursor text) still unpublished in the target culture which in turn maintains a relationship of influence and/or chronological precedence with an ST (successor text) previously translated in the target culture, so that the translation of PT may seem to have anticipated and/or influenced the translation of ST. The objective of a retrospective translation is to simulate, in the target culture, the existing relation between the original of PT and the original of ST in the source culture by promoting an inversion of traditional literary influence relations inspired by Jorge Luis Borges's essay “Kafka and his precursors”. Once the theoretical model is laid out, there follows a case study of the volume O grande deus Pã, entirely conceived around a retrospective translation of the PT The Great God Pan, by Arthur Machen, done with a backward glance toward the ST “The Dunwich Horror”, by Howard Phillips Lovecraft, previously translated by me.