No / The overarching theme of the book is differential treatment in death, which is examined at the site-specific, settlement, regional and national level. More specifically, the symbolism of conversion-period grave good deposition, the impact of the church, and aspects of identity, burial diversity and biocultural approaches to cemetery analysis are discussed.

Yes / This special issue gathers together a selection of short articles reflecting on the historical construction of inequality and race in the histories of archaeology. The articles also suggest ways in which the discipline might grapple with the—often obvious, sometimes subtle—consequences of that historical process. Solicited via an open call for papers in the summer of 2020 (one made with the aim of speedy publication), the breadth of the topics discussed in the articles reflect how inequality and race have become more prominent research themes within the histories of archaeology in the previous five-to-ten years. At the same time, the pieces show how research can—and should—be connected to attempts to promote social justice and an end to racial discrimination within archaeological practice, the archaeological profession, and the wider worlds with which the discipline interacts. Published at a time when a pandemic has not only swept the world, but also exposed such inequalities further, the special issue represents a positive intervention in what continues to be a contentious issue. / The EDH project was funded by the UK’s Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC), project number AH/S004580/1, and conducted in compliance with UCL’s ethical guidance, project id 14901/001.

Den här uppsatsen studerar vilka individer som forskare utför en ansiktsrekonstruktion på och vilka etiska aspekter som kan ligga till grund för arbetet. Syftet är att ta reda på vilka personer som det är vanligast att göra en rekonstruktion på samt hur forskare ställer sig till etiska problem. Studien utgår ifrån att etik är ett problematiskt begrepp och att det inte alltid är lätt och självklart hur vi ska förhålla oss till det Fallstudierna utgörs av publikationer mellan 2019–2024, vilket är totalt 16 stycken fallstudier med 27 individer. Ytterligare begränsning har gjorts då fallstudien i fråga måste kunna svara på individens ursprungliga geografiska placering, datering, fyndkontext, ålder och kön. Status är ännu en kategori som används, men där har inte alla fallstudier konkretiserat vilket skikt individen tillhör och därför har det i några fall, med hjälp av fallstudien gjorts en egen tolkning. Generellt visar det sig vara vuxna män, samt individer från nyare tid med ursprunglig geografisk plats i Europa. De flesta visar sig också vara av låg status som återfunnits på en gravplats. Fallstudierna analyseras också efter om de har några etiska reflektioner, vilket fyra av 16 fallstudier har. / This essay studies which individuals’ researchers perform a facial reconstruction on and which ethical aspects that might form the basis of the work. The purpose is to find out which people are the most commonly reconstructed, and how researchers approach ethical. The study assumes that ethics is a problematic concept and that it is not always easy and obvious how we should relate to it. The case studies consist of publications between 2019–2024, which is a total of 16 case studies with 27 individuals. A further limitation has been made as the case study in question must be able to answer the individual’s original geographical location, dating, find context, age and gender. Status is yet another category that is used, but not all case studies have specified which stratum the individual belongs to and therefor in some cases, with the help of the case study, an interpretation has been made. Generally, it turns out to be adult men, as well as individuals from more recent times with an original geographical location in Europe. Most also turn out to be of low status found in burial sites. The case studies are also analyzed according to whether they have any ethical reflections, which four out of 16 case studies have.

Due to the nature of war, persons are killed with various types of weapons. Throughout the history of humanity, weapons were used in this regard and these weapons left injuries on the victims that are distinguishable. The type of force conveyed by the ancient weapons effected injuries that enable modern-day bioarchaeologists to extrapolate which weapons caused which injuries. The Assyrians depicted their wars and battles on reliefs. An analysis of these depictions, with an extrapolation of the lesions expected in skeletal remains, could contribute to better understanding of the strategies of war in ancient times. This dissertation will discuss how the evaluation of human remains in comparison to Assyrian reliefs may contribute to the chronological knowledge of war and warfare in the Iron Age Ancient Near East – especially at Lachish. A discourse of the approaches available to researchers regarding access to data in the forensic bioarchaeological field will be presented. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M.A. (Biblical Archaeology)

A paleodemographic analysis was conducted using skeletal data from Jōmon period sites in Japan. 15P5 ratios were produced as proxy birth rate values for sites throughout the Jōmon period. Previous studies based on numbers of residential sites indicated a substantial population increase in the Kantō and Chūbu regions in central Japan, climaxing during the Middle Jōmon period, followed by an equally dramatic population decrease, somewhat resembling changes that occurred during a Neolithic Demographic Transition (NDT). The Jōmon are viewed as a relatively sedentary, non-agricultural group, and provided an opportunity to attempt to separate the factors of sedentism and agriculture as they relate to the NDT. Skeletal data showed fairly stable trends in birth rates, instead of the expected increase and decrease in values. This discrepancy calls into question the validity of previous studies. The stable population levels suggest that sedentism alone was not the primary driver of the NDT. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

New data on human skeletal remains from Site 35 in Salango, Ecuador is combined with existing data presented by Jastremski (2006) to compile a more comprehensive report about the health conditions of the people. Site 35, which is associated with the Manteño culture that flourished in the Integration period from A.D. 500 – 1532, has been determined to comprise a singular population that is represented by a minimum of 27 individuals. In addition to more comprehensive conclusions about Site 35, this thesis uses the data from Site 35 in an extended comparison of health among prehistoric sites from six additional sites to observe general trends over time and across geography. Through an indepth analysis of distinct health traits, the general conclusion matches previous reports that the overall quality of health in Ecuador declined over time. However, the present analysis shows a less dramatic decline for coastal sites than for inland sites. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013.

Psychoactive plants have played a significant role in Andean cultures for millennia. Whilst there is evidence of the importance of psychoactive plants in the Andean archaeological record, none of these are direct proof that these culturally significant plants were used by ancient Andean populations. This project utilised liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to investigate the use of psychoactive plants in individuals from cemetery sites in Chile and Peru by analysing hair specimens for a variety of psychoactive compounds. Hair specimens from 46 individuals buried at cemetery sites in the Azapa Valley (northern Chile) belonging to the Cabuza culture (c AD 300 ¿ 1000) indicated around half of these people ingested coca, as evidenced by the detection of BZE in hair specimens. Two individuals from this population tested positive for bufotenine, the main alkaloid in Anadenanthera snuff. There is a specific material culture associated with snuffing. These findings confirm Anadenanthera was consumed in the Azapa Valley. The 11 individuals from Peru came from the necropolis at Puruchuco-Huaquerones in the Rímac valley near Lima. These individuals belonged to the Ichma culture, but would have been under Inca imperial control during the Late Horizon. Although only a small sample, two-thirds tested positive for BZE, suggestive that access to coca was widespread. This project presents a synthesis of the archaeological evidence for the use of various psychoactive plants in Andes. Also presented is the first report of the detection of bufotenine in ancient hair samples and additional data contributing to the understanding of the use of coca in the Andes.

Avhandlingen undersöker minnespraktiker kring andra världskriget i S:t Petersburg med omnejd, en stad som under namnet Leningrad 1941–44 var belägrad av tyskarna i över två år. På fronterna runt den omringade staden rasade under drygt två år hårda strider. Skogarna och myrarna där är fortfarande fulla av spår av kriget och marken gömmer kvarlevor av de soldater som fick sätta livet till under striderna. Avhandlingens empiriska fokus är den rörelse som arbetar för att dessa soldater till slut ska få en begravning och kunna identifieras. I avhandlingen speglas olika aspekter av verksamheten: vikten av ett namn, begravningarna, gemensamhetsskapandet, platsen och krigets spår i landskapet. Sökandet sätts också in i en större samhällelig kontext. Minnet av kriget är en viktig källa till stolthet i Ryssland, och segerdagen 9 maj har hög officiell status och stor folklig uppslutning. Det stora lidandet och uppoffringen bidrar till att göra kriget heligt, både då och nu. Det finns en föreställning om att de nu levande har skyldigheter mot det förflutna – en plikt att minnas. Sökarbetet är en komplex kamp mellan identifikation med och kritik av bärande nationella myter. Avhandlingen utforskar spänningsfältet minne och glömska och undersöker hur minnet av andra världskriget får bestående och ritualiserad mening, samt hur meningsskapandet förändras över tid och i olika sammanhang. / In this dissertation commemorative practices in St Petersburg and Leningrad oblast relating to the Second World War are investigated. The city of Leningrad was besieged by the Germans for more than two years 1941–44 and on the fronts around the city raged fierce battles. The woods and bogs here are still full of traces from the war, and the ground hides the remains of fallen soldiers. The empirical focus of the dissertation is the Russian voluntary movement working to find, bury, and if possible identify these soldiers. Different aspects of the activity are investigated: the importance of a name, the funerals, community building, the place, and the traces of war in the landscape. The search for fallen soldiers is related to a wider societal context. The war is an important source of national pride in Russia, and Victory Day May 9th is a holiday with high official status as well as popular enthusiasm. The suffering and sacrifice from the war contributes to making it sacred, both then and now. There is a widespread idea that the now living have obligations to the past – a duty to remember. The search activity is a complex struggle between identification with and critique of national myths. The dissertation explores the tension between memory and forgetting, and investigates how the memory of the Second World War is imbued with lasting and ritualised meaning, and how meaning is changed over time and in different contexts.

Presented in this thesis is the human osteological analysis of the cremation burials from ten Early Archaic features excavated at the McCullough's Run Site (12-B-1036) located in the eastern portion of Columbus, Bartholemew County, Indiana. The analysis of burials excavated from the McCullough's Run Site, one of the few Early Archaic Cemeteries found in the United States to date, add data that serve to clarify and expand our understanding of the Early Archaic in Indiana. / Department of Anthropology

Im Mai 2018 fand an der Hochschule für bildende Künste Dresden (HfBK) in Kooperation mit den drei sächsischen Völkerkundemuseen der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen Dresden (SKD) – Museum für Völkerkunde Dresden, Grassi Museum für Völkerkunde Leipzig, Völkerkundemuseum Herrnhut – der Workshop „Umgang. Menschliche Überreste in Museen und universitären Sammlungen“ statt. Dieser Band dokumentiert die im Rahmen des Workshops gehaltenen Beiträge.:Grußwort / Matthias Flügge Vorwort Stimmen zum Umgang Eine Stimme der Religion / Johann Hinrich Claussen Eine Stimme des Rechts / Adrian Schmidt-Recla Stimmen und Fragen der Ethik. Ein Überblick / Frank Oehmichen 1. Stimmen zur Herkunft „Unter Kannibalen“ – Afrikanische Initiativen zur Rückführung der Ahnen / Mnyaka Sururu Mboro und Christian Kopp Kritik aus der Sicht der Rückfordernden / Larissa Förster Fallbeispiel 1 Gebeine aus aller Welt für die Sammlung. Täter und Opfer / Birgit Scheps-Bretschneider Fallbeispiel 2 Präparate unter Verdacht. Künstleranatomie zwischen 1933-1945 an der Hochschule für Bildende Künste Dresden / Sandra Mühlenberend Fallbeispiel 3 Der Umgang mit historischen Präparaten am Anatomischen Institut Leipzig / Christine Feja 2. Stimmen zur Forschung Menschliche Überreste und ihre moderne Erforschung. Methoden und Beispiele / Stephanie Zesch und Wilfried Rosendahl Fallbeispiel 1 Eine Masterthesis zum Umgang mit menschlichen Überresten im Bereich der Bodendenkmalpflege, Konservierung und Restaurierung / Dorothea Habel und Alexandra Jeberien Fallbeispiel 2 Ein Forschungsvorhaben zur Herstellungstechnik und Konservierung historischer Gefäßinjektionspräparate / Jakob Fuchs 3. Stimmen aus den Museen Wer darf sprechen und wessen Stimme wird gehört? / Nanette Jacomijn Snoep Sensitive Heritage. Ethnographic Museums and Material/Immaterial Restitutions / Philipp Schorch Fallbeispiel 1 Vorläufige Ergebnisse interdisziplinärer Provenienzrecherche an tansanischen human remains der Insel Musila / Marius Kowalak Fallbeispiel 2 Sensible Objekte im Fokus. Präparate aus dem Anatomischen Labor des Deutschen Hygiene-Museums zwischen 1950 bis 1971 / Susanne Roeßiger 4. Stimmen aus den universitären Sammlungen Human turn? Zum Umgang mit Präparaten der universitären Sammlung der Charité im Berliner Medizinhistorischen Museum / Thomas Schnalke Fallbeispiel 1 Eminente Potentiale und ethische Probleme. Beispiele zum Umgang mit human remains aus den Sammlungen des MUT / Ernst Seidl Fallbeispiel 2 Die Nutzung der Anatomischen Sammlung der Hochschule für Bildende Künste Dresden in Vergangenheit und Zukunft / Simone Fugger von dem Rech 5. Stimmen zur Erhaltung Die Erhaltung anatomischer Präparate. Ein Desiderat in Forschung und Lehre / Ivo Mohrmann 164 Die Verantwortung von Restaurator*innen beim Umgang mit menschlichen Überresten / Diana Gabler Fallbeispiel 1 Course on the topic of conservation of dry human tissue. At the School of Conservation, Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts / Ion Meyer Fallbeispiel 2 Umgang mit fehlenden Körperteilen an historischen Skelettaufstellungen / Jakob Fuchs Autorenhinweise Impressum