Ever since the inception of market economy, competition is the propellant of such economic systems. This is most notably so at present with global economies on the verge of a so called ‘new’ market logic. Competition nevertheless remains an elusive phenomenon, something holding true in particular when it is said to coexist with cooperation. Common knowledge has it that competition can be grasped by focusing the sheer number of suppliers and/or the level of product differentiation in a market. This dissertation instead claims that by looking at competition as subject to the impact of customers, phenomena are seen which are not otherwise readily apparent in the scrutiny of markets. By approaching markets as networks of interconnected relationships which result from human interaction this theoretical thesis, inspired by economic sociology and Austrian economics, furthers the idea of competition as indirect and hence geared by the customer. An explanatory model is formulated where competition emerges as a function of ‘inducing customer alertness’ (the customer’s exercise of entrepreneurship in the supply market) on the one hand, and ‘impeding social capital’ (the social ties that prevail between the customer and suppliers) on the other. One crucial insight gained, with particular impact for competition policy, is that consumers are to be seen not only as beneficiaries, but also as agents, of competition. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk., 2001

Orientador: Jocimar Daolio / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade EStadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T15:33:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Busso_GilbertoLeandro_M.pdf: 993679 bytes, checksum: c28aeb911883334648b4e1ad31965cab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A partir do pressuposto de que alunos aprendem também em contextos extraescolares (comunitários e familiares, por exemplo), este estudo objetivou compreender como o jogo de futebol das aulas de Educação Física está inserido em uma dinâmica de encontro, confronto e atualização em relação ao jogo de futebol extraescolar. Foram observadas 22 aulas de Educação Física e 5 jogos extraescolares discentes de futebol. Além disso, foram realizadas 18 entrevistas com 12 alunos pertencentes a duas turmas de 7ª e duas de 8ª séries do ensino fundamental público em Campinas, São Paulo. A análise cultural realizada constatou a existência de três temas (regras do jogo, saber jogar e jogo de meninas e meninos) que emergiram na dinâmica de encontro, confronto e atualização; bem como evidenciou implicações pedagógicas para a aula de Educação Física, tendo em vista que a noção da formação da cidadania é problemática em relação à condição do jogo de futebol no Brasil. / Abstract: From the assumption that students also learn out-of-school context (family and community, for example), this study aimed to understand how the game of soccer of the Physical Education classes is inserted in a dynamic of encounter, confrontation and updating, regarding the game of soccer of out-of-school. There were observed 22 classes of Physical Education and 5 games of soccer of some students, out-of-school. In addition, 18 interviews were conducted with 12 students belonging to two classes of 7th and 8th grades of the elementary education of a public school in Campinas, São Paulo. The cultural analysis conducted found the existence of three issues (game rules, know play, and game of girls and boys) that emerged in the dynamics of encounter, confrontation and updating; as well as has evidenced implications for the Physical Education classes, in order that the training notion of citizenship is problematic in relation to the game of soccer in Brazil. / Mestrado / Educação Fisica e Sociedade / Mestre em Educação Física

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2015-12-02T18:20:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 karinemunckvieira.pdf: 1540105 bytes, checksum: fa21a938e102b38c05882b697b40e024 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: Título: somente primeira letra da primeira palavra em maiúsculo e nomes próprios também. Palavras-chave: acrescentar uma em cada linha (não precisa colocar ponto e nem vírgula no final) on 2015-12-03T11:56:46Z (GMT) / Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2015-12-03T12:31:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 karinemunckvieira.pdf: 1540105 bytes, checksum: fa21a938e102b38c05882b697b40e024 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2015-12-03T13:57:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 karinemunckvieira.pdf: 1540105 bytes, checksum: fa21a938e102b38c05882b697b40e024 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T13:57:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 karinemunckvieira.pdf: 1540105 bytes, checksum: fa21a938e102b38c05882b697b40e024 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-19 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / As modificações do ambiente pela ação humana podem favorecer determinadas espécies e comprometer a existência de outras. Os efeitos da interferência antrópica podem ser monitorados através de vespas solitárias, nidificantes em cavidades preexistentes e abelhas sem ferrão. Desta forma, objetivou-se comparar a composição dessas comunidades em áreas de maior (A1) e menor (A2) interferência antrópica em um fragmento urbano de Mata Atlântica. Para investigar a composição de vespas, foram instalados e monitorados, durante um ano, ninhos armadilha de bambu e cartolina de diâmetros variados, em um transecto representante de cada uma das áreas. A fim de comparar os mesmos locais quanto às espécies de meliponíneos residentes, foram feitas buscas de ninhos, por meio de deslocamentos ao longo das trilhas existentes nas áreas arborizadas do Jardim Botânico de Juiz de Fora, MG, que representaram a área A1, e no entorno das antigas construções, representando a área A2. Em relação às vespas, três das quatro espécies coletadas são adaptadas a ambientes modificados, e por esse motivo, houve maior riqueza (n=3) e abundância (n= 21) nessa área, sendo uma espécie (Pachodynerus sp.) exclusiva dessa localidade. O gênero Trypoxylon foi o mais representativo, sendo que 74,07% dos seus ninhos pertenceram a área com maior interferência antrópica. Os gomos de bambu foram utilizados com maior frequência (64,28%) e amostraram todas as espécies de vespas desse estudo. A abundância de ninhos em cada mês esteve correlacionada positivamente com temperatura média (rs= 0,44; p= 0,007), mas só houve correlação com a precipitação, nos meses de dezembro e janeiro. A similaridade entre a composição das espécies de vespas e de abelhas nas áreas A1 e A2 foi moderada (Cs= 0,66; Cs= 0,61), respectivamente; porém, a abundância das mesmas foi semelhantes (t= 1,96/ p= 0,097). Em relação às abelhas sem ferrão, a área A1 apresentou não apenas uma maior densidade de ninhos (80%) e riqueza de espécies (n=8) que a área A2 (n=5), como também em relação a outros estudos em áreas modificadas. A alta densidade de ninhos nessa localidade foi devido a 56,66% pertencerem a Nannotrigona testaceicornis e Tetragonisca angustula, espécies muito encontradas em locais urbanizados. Já a baixa riqueza e abundância de ninhos na área A2, foi, em parte, pelo fato de essa área encontra-se em estágio de sucessão inicial. O estabelecimento dos Hymenoptera amostrados nesse estudo em área de maior interferência antrópica, só foi possível porque a oferta de recursos naturais é suficiente à sobrevivência das espécies. / Environmental changes by human action may favor some species and compromising the existence of other. The effects of the anthropogenic impact can be monitored through solitary wasps that made nests in trap nesting and stingless bees. Thus, the objective was to compare the composition of these communities in areas of greater (A1) and lesser (A2) anthropogenic interference, in an urban fragment of the Atlantic Forest. To investigate the composition wasps were installed and monitored during one year, trap nesting made of bamboo and cardboard, with varying diameters in a representative transect in both areas. In order to compare this locations as the resident species of stingless bees, were made searches for nests along existing trails in the wooded areas of the Jardim Botânico de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, representing the A1 area, and surrounding the old buildings, representing the A2 area. In relation to wasps, three of the four species collected are adapted to changing environments, and therefore, a greater richness (n = 3) and abundance (n = 21) in this area, with one species exclusive of this location (Pachidynerus sp). The Trypoxylon gender was the most representative, with 74.07% of their nests belonged to area with greater human interference. The bamboo canes were frequently used (64.28%) and sampled all kinds of wasps in this study. The abundance of nests in each month was positively correlated with mean temperature (rs = 0.44; p = 0.007), but just only have correlation with rainfall in December and January. The similarity between the species composition of wasps and bees in the areas A1 and A2 was moderate (Cs = 0.66; Cs = 0.61), respectively; but plenty of them was similar (t = 1.96 / p = 0.097). Regarding the stingless bees, the area most affected by human activity, had not only a higher density of nests (80%) and richness of species (n = 8) the A2 area (n=5), but also in relation to other studies in areas modified. The high density of nests in this location was due to 56.67% belong to Nannotrigona testaceicornis and Tetragonisca angustula, species broadly found in urbanized areas. The low richness and abundance of nests in the area A2, was, in part, because this area is at an early succession stage. The establishment of Hymenoptera sampled in this study in an area of greater human interference, was only possible because the supply of natural resources is sufficient for the survival of the species.

As imaging systems become ubiquitous, the ability to recognize human actions is becoming increasingly important. Just as in the object detection and recognition literature, action recognition can be roughly divided into classification tasks, where the goal is to classify a video according to the action depicted in the video, and detection tasks, where the goal is to detect and localize a human performing a particular action. A growing literature is demonstrating the benefits of localizing discriminative sub-regions of images and videos when performing recognition tasks. In this thesis, we address the action detection and recognition problems. Action detection in video is a particularly difficult problem because actions must not only be recognized correctly, but must also be localized in the 3D spatio-temporal volume. We introduce a technique that transforms the 3D localization problem into a series of 2D detection tasks. This is accomplished by dividing the video into overlapping segments, then representing each segment with a 2D video projection. The advantage of the 2D projection is that it makes it convenient to apply the best techniques from object detection to the action detection problem. We also introduce a novel, straightforward method for searching the 2D projections to localize actions, termed TwoPoint Subwindow Search (TPSS). Finally, we show how to connect the local detections in time using a chaining algorithm to identify the entire extent of the action. Our experiments show that video projection outperforms the latest results on action detection in a direct comparison. Second, we present a probabilistic model learning to identify discriminative regions in videos from weakly-supervised data where each video clip is only assigned a label describing what action is present in the frame or clip. While our first system requires every action to be manually outlined in every frame of the video, this second system only requires that the video be given a single highlevel tag. From this data, the system is able to identify discriminative regions that correspond well iii to the regions containing the actual actions. Our experiments on both the MSR Action Dataset II and UCF Sports Dataset show that the localizations produced by this weakly supervised system are comparable in quality to localizations produced by systems that require each frame to be manually annotated. This system is able to detect actions in both 1) non-temporally segmented action videos and 2) recognition tasks where a single label is assigned to the clip. We also demonstrate the action recognition performance of our method on two complex datasets, i.e. HMDB and UCF101. Third, we extend our weakly-supervised framework by replacing the recognition stage with a twostage neural network and apply dropout for preventing overfitting of the parameters on the training data. Dropout technique has been recently introduced to prevent overfitting of the parameters in deep neural networks and it has been applied successfully to object recognition problem. To our knowledge, this is the first system using dropout for action recognition problem. We demonstrate that using dropout improves the action recognition accuracies on HMDB and UCF101 datasets.

Human motion analysis is one of the major problems in computer vision research. It deals with the study of the motion of human body in video data from different aspects, ranging from the tracking of body parts and reconstruction of 3D human body configuration, to higher level of interpretation of human action and activities in image sequences. When human motion is observed through video camera, it is perspectively distorted and may appear totally different from different viewpoints. Therefore it is highly challenging to establish correct relationships between human motions across video sequences with different camera settings. In this work, we investigate the geometric invariance in the motion of human body, which is critical to accurately understand human motion in video data regardless of variations in camera parameters and viewpoints. In human action analysis, the representation of human action is a very important issue, and it usually determines the nature of the solutions, including their limits in resolving the problem. Unlike existing research that study human motion as a whole 2D/3D object or a sequence of postures, we study human motion as a sequence of body pose transitions. We also decompose a human body pose further into a number of body point triplets, and break down a pose transition into the transition of a set of body point triplets. In this way the study of complex non-rigid motion of human body is reduced to that of the motion of rigid body point triplets, i.e. a collection of planes in motion. As a result, projective geometry and linear algebra can be applied to explore the geometric invariance in human motion. Based on this formulation, we have discovered the fundamental ratio invariant and the eigenvalue equality invariant in human motion. We also propose solutions based on these geometric invariants to the problems of view-invariant recognition of human postures and actions, as well as analysis of human motion styles. These invariants and their applicability have been validated by experimental results supporting that their effectiveness in understanding human motion with various camera parameters and viewpoints.

No description available.

The deficiency of sub-Saharan Africa urban land use planning regimes has received extensive discussion in the literature. As yet, little is known of the extent and magnitude of the economic impact of these planning regimes on the economic wellbeing of individuals and the society. This situation is further compounded by the lack of simplified and bespoke methodologies for calibrating economic impacts of planning policies even in the developed world where there are relatively huge volumes of organised data. This study aims to prescribe a simplified quantitative methodology, which is subsequently employed to gauge the economic impacts of these regimes. It proceeds on the central argument that planning regimes in the sub-region are weak with low compliance with planning regulations, partly because they do not provide incentives for property owners/developers/land users. The study adopts a cross-sectional survey strategywith questionnaires and administrative data extraction to procure the requisite data from Accra, Ghana to feed the devised methodological framework. The study establishes that Ghana’s urban land use planning regime, in its current form, imposes huge cost on residential property owners compared to its benefits; it creates a disincentive for property owners. A substantial amount of this cost emanates from pipe-borne water, and tarred roads and concrete drain infrastructural facilities. It is further established that the cost of title formalisation requirement constitutes a huge portion of the cost on express requirements under the planning regime. A major portion of this cost results from the cost other than official fees. However, on individual basis the requirement generates marginal net benefit. Incidental costs for the other express requirements, architectural design and building permit are also substantial. In terms of benefits, tarred roads and concrete drains, formalised title, electricity and pipe-borne water, individually, are found to generate the most benefits under the planning regime. The study makes a number of recommendations. These include formulation of planning policies on the basis of providing incentives to property owners/developer/land users, strategies for reduction of infrastructural and amenities costs, as well as incidental cost relating to compliance with the subject planning regime express requirements.

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Ce travail vise à mettre en valeur l’importance de la justice pour la réalisation de l’homme chez Thomas d’Aquin. La première partie traite de la connaissance scientifique et de l’action humaine, l’idée d’ordre dirigeant, selon Thomas, aussi bien le plan théorique que le plan pratique. La deuxième partie traite plus spécifiquement de la vertu de justice, ce qui demande l’analyse des autres vertus morales, mais aussi intellectuelles, qui opèrent avec elle en vue du bien de l’homme. La troisième partie traite des relations entre la justice, le droit et la loi, le droit pouvant être conçu d’après deux perspectives qui se rejoignent, soit comme objet de la justice, soit comme résultat de la juste application de la loi. / This work aims at emphasizing the importance of justice in the realization of man in Thomas Aquinas. The first part deals with scientific knowledge and human action, the idea of order ruling, for him, the theoretical level as well as the practical level. The second part deals more specifically with the virtue of justice, requiring the analysis of the other not only moral but also intellectual virtues, which operate together with it for the good of man. The third part handles with the relations between justice, right and law; the right understood from two related perspectives, either as the object of justice, or as the result of the fair application of the law.

Orientador: Ubaldo Silveira / Resumo: Pesquisa de natureza qualitativa que explora a noção de sujeito moriniana no estudo do sujeito-professor, focalizado como homo complexus, sapiens/demens, capaz de racionalidade e de emoção. Sob a ótica da complexidade, a reflexão caminha pelo desvelamento do lado poético do sujeito-professor, buscando evidenciar a presença e a importância da sensibilidade e do imaginário na formação e na ação do agente educativo. Esse caminhar pelo poético significa embrenhar-se pelo estado de encantamento, pelo prazer estético, conhecer as emoções imbricadas no sujeito e ressaltar a importância desse cultivo como alimento de um sentimento humano muitas vezes ausente na vida real. Entendendo a ação educativa como essencialmente humana, o trabalho aproxima a docência da ação do Assistente Social e, dessa forma, ambas emergem, no contexto educacional, como ações humanas carregadas de significado, valores e intenções, interferindo na realidade humano-social. Pensar os vínculos entre Educação e Serviço Social pressupõe uma relação dialógica que ultrapassa a fronteira da especialização e se amplia na interação humana entre os agentes protagonistas da ação educativa. Para enriquecer a pesquisa, foram feitas entrevistas abertas, de natureza narrativa, com professores de Ensino Fundamental, Médio e de Serviço Social. A interpretação dos dados, expressos descritivamente, deu consistência e significado à pesquisa bibliográfica. As conclusões apontam para a inseparabilidade racional/ poético, e, sobretudo, para a importância do poético num cotidiano educativo que pretende remeter à associação de conceitos e ações sociais tais como emancipação humana e transformação social. O fechamento do trabalho abre aos educadores o convite à auto-reflexão sobre a própria...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: A qualitative-natured research which explores the notion of subject, according to Morin, in the study of the subject-teacher, focused as "Homo Complexus" or "Sapiens/Demens", who is capable of rationality and emotion. Within the complexity sight, the reflection tends to disclose the subject-teacher's poetic side, trying to make clear the presence and the importance of the sensibility and imaginary in the educational agent's formation and action. This poetic side means to be involved in enchantment, esthetic pleasure; experience the hidden emotions in the subject; and highlight the significance to cultivate such important food to a feeling which human beings lack in real life a lot of times. Understanding the educational action as essentially human, the paper approximates teaching to Social Worker's action and, this way, both emerge, in the educational context, as human actions which are full of meaning, value and intention, intervening in the human-social reality. Thinking about the Education and Social Work chains presupposes a dialogic connection which pushes back the boundaries of specialization and gets larger in the human interaction among educational action protagonists. To enrich the research, some narrative-natured interviews were given by elementary and high school, and Social Work teachers. The data interpretation, descriptively expressed, gave support and meaning to the bibliographic research. The conclusions point out the rational/poetic inseparability, and, essentially, the poetic importance in an educational quotidian which intends to go beyond the concepts association and social actions such as human emancipation and social transformation. The work closing invites educators to the self-reflection upon their own particularity, upon the singular way to integrate their rationality into the human dimension, and upon the art potential in everybody's world's vision formation and in the final citizenship building. / Doutor