Thesis (M.A. (Human Rights))--Mahidol University, 2003.

Submitted by SILVANA COLOMBO DE ALMEIDA null (sil_colal@hotmail.com) on 2016-10-10T01:50:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Texto Dissertação.pdf: 634445 bytes, checksum: 7bcf6851346fb596f0c58ff201c6e6f4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-10-11T17:00:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_sc_me_mar.pdf: 634445 bytes, checksum: 7bcf6851346fb596f0c58ff201c6e6f4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T17:00:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_sc_me_mar.pdf: 634445 bytes, checksum: 7bcf6851346fb596f0c58ff201c6e6f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O intuito do presente trabalho é analisar possíveis contribuições que o desenvolvimento dialético especulativo da Filosofia hegeliana, sobremaneira a Filosofia do Espírito Objetivo, traz à compreensão acerca dos direitos humanos e seu desenvolvimento da modernidade à contemporaneidade. Defende-se que as ideias contidas na filosofia hegeliana sejam uma possibilidade de se ultrapassar alguns limites existentes nas discussões tradicionais a respeito do tema, embasadas principalmente nas filosofias modernas do direito natural. Para tanto, optou-se por analisar a relação dos direitos humanos com a filosofia do direito natural, seguindo-se para a crítica hegeliana ao jusnaturalismo e, consequentemente, encerrando-se com sua compreensão de reconhecimento e sua influência na Filosofia do Direito e no estabelecimento das relações éticas na Sittlichkeit. / The purpose of this academic writting is to analyse the possible contributions that the dialectical speculative development of Hegel’s Philosophy, moreover the Philosophy of Objective Spirit, brings to light regarding human rights and its development from modernity to the present day. It is argued that the ideas contained in Hegel’s Philosophy are a possibility of overcoming some existing limits in traditional discussions in regard with this topic, mainly based on modern philosophies of the Natural Rights. In order to do so, it has been opted to analyse the relation of human rights with the philosophy of natural rights, followed by Hegel’s critic to Natural Rights, and as a result, closing with its understanding of the recognition and its influence in the Philosophy of Right and on the establishment in ethic relation in Sittlichkeit.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-06-27T12:33:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) tese.banca de defesa.Aline Lucena.depósito.final.pdf: 4724715 bytes, checksum: 1b6aed8384de3e836cc06a1b702667be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T12:33:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) tese.banca de defesa.Aline Lucena.depósito.final.pdf: 4724715 bytes, checksum: 1b6aed8384de3e836cc06a1b702667be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-18 / A presente pesquisa investiga o processo de garantia formal do Direito humano à comunicação na América Latina e suas contradições, a partir da experiência de sete Países da União das Nações Sul-Americanas (UNASUL) - Argentina, Bolívia, Brasil, Chile, Equador, Uruguai e Venezuela - com foco nas relações entre Estado, política, liberdade, comunicação, radiodifusão e Direitos Humanos. Para isto, empreende-se um estudo aprofundado sobre o conceito da comunicação como direito humano e suas relações com o conceito da liberdade de expressão; uma análise sobre as legislações de radiodifusão dos Países investigados, nas décadas de 1980, 1990 e 2000; como também das recomendações presentes nos Relatórios Anuais da Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e da Relatoria Especial para a Liberdade de Expressão. A pesquisa trabalha com autores da Comunicação Social, bem como da interdisciplinaridade desta com outras áreas do conhecimento das Ciências Sociais. Tem como orientação epistêmica o pensamento crítico, portanto a dimensão sócio-histórica e o método de análise dialético, com ênfase na produção de conhecimento da América Latina sobre a América Latina, do Sul sobre o Sul. A investigação igualmente estabelece como marco teórico os estudos críticos que problematizam o conceito de público, privado e estatal, aplicado às políticas e sistemas de comunicação, e valem-se da análise dialética para identificar as condições políticas, econômicas, sociais e culturais que atuam no processo de garantia formal dos Direitos Humanos, especificamente do direito humano à comunicação. A garantia formal do direito humano à comunicação, no entanto, não é uma questão simplesmente técnica/jurídica. A invisibilidade e o silêncio desse direito no discurso do marco legal de proteção dos Direitos Humanos e nas legislações nacionais de radiodifusão implicam condicionamentos a outras dimensões da vida social, política, cultural e econômica. / This research investigates the formal assurance process of the human right due to the Communication in Latin America from the seven countries experience the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), focusing on the relationship between state, politics, freedom, communication, broadcasting and Human Rights. For this, it undertakes-one depth study of the concept of communication as a human right and its relations with the concept of freedom of expression; an analysis of the laws of broadcasting of the countries, in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s; as also an investigation of these recommendations in the Commission's Annual Reports Commission on Human Rights - Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression (81 documentary files). The research worked with authors Social communication and interdisciplinarity of this to other areas of knowledge of Social Sciences. Its orientation epistemological thought critical, so the socio-historical dimension and the dialectical method of analysis, with emphasis in knowledge production in Latin America on Latin America, South on South. The research also sets a theoretical framework the critical studies problematize the concept of public, private and state, applied to policies and systems communication, and worth-the dialectical analysis to identify the political, economic and cultural operating in the formal assurance process Rights Human, specifically the human right to communication.

Entender como está sendo realizado o direito humano à educação para os e as imigrantes da Bolívia que vivem em São Paulo é o principal objetivo deste estudo, que se insere no ponto de encontro entre dois debates globais contemporâneos: de um lado o crescimento e a complexidade que assumiram as migrações internacionais e, de outro, as tensões relativas à universalização de direitos em sociedades desiguais e discriminatórias. Ao longo da pesquisa, analisamos a legislação nacional e internacional e percorremos a literatura contemporânea sobre migrações internacionais e sua interface com o campo dos Direitos Humanos, em especial problematizando a relação entre os direitos de todos e os direitos dos cidadãos dado que muitos que integram o grupo em questão vivem em situação irregular no Brasil, o que não lhes tira a garantia da realização de direitos fundamentais. Para uma melhor compreensão dos pormenores que caracterizam essa dinâmica, visitamos locais de convivência dos imigrantes bolivianos/as na cidade, realizamos conversas exploratórias com representantes das organizações que atuam com o tema e, finalmente, fizemos 16 entrevistas gravadas com estudantes, mães, pais, professores/as e funcionários de escolas públicas da capital. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir de três eixos analíticos. O primeiro eixo tratou da relação entre acesso e permanência na escola, verificando os obstáculos existentes nesse sentido. O segundo eixo de análise diz respeito à relação entre os imigrantes bolivianos e suas famílias com a comunidade escolar local direção, professores, e outros alunos brasileiros. Há uma tensão que cerca o debate internacional contemporâneo no campo dos direitos humanos, envolvendo universalismos e particularismos, igualdade e diferença, que foi considerada ao longo do desenvolvimento deste trabalho e, em especial, ao longo deste eixo. Finalmente, o terceiro eixo foi desenhado sobre as famílias e suas expectativas em relação à escola. Buscamos observar o que a família imigrante boliviana espera da escola e o que tem a dizer sobre a instituição de ensino brasileira. Um balanço inicial dessa trajetória mostrou que, numa perspectiva de Direitos Humanos, ainda há um logo caminho a ser percorrido. A universalização do direito à educação aqui é tensionada por violações de naturezas diversas e também pelo silêncio que tangencia o próprio tema a falta de dados, de pesquisas, de visibilidade de maneira geral configuram por si só um impeditivo à realização dos direitos educativos. Para aqueles em situação irregular no país, ainda que a lei garanta esse direito, a falta de documentos ainda é um entrave tanto para entrar como para mudar ou sair da escola. A burocracia, a falta de informações e a indiferença ao fato de terem outro idioma nativo são outros muros que pareceram evidentes. Uma vez dentro da escola, o olhar sobre a aceitabilidade dessa educação trouxe elementos importantes que caracterizam um ambiente que pouco promove a aprendizagem e desafia a promoção dos direitos humanos, com relatos de preconceito, discriminação e violência. / The purpose of this study is to understand how the human right to education for immigrants from Bolivia in the city of Sao Paulo is being fulfilled. The research is situated at the crossroad between two contemporary global debates: on one hand, the growth and complexity of the international migration process, and, on the other, tensions concerning the universalization of rights in unequal and discriminatory societies. Throughout this study, we analyzed the domestic and international laws and discussed the literature on international migration and its interface with the field of Human Rights, in particular questioning the relationship between rights for citizens or rights for all - as many people from the group we focused on are living illegally in Brazil, which does not take away the guarantee of the realization of their fundamental rights. To capture the details of the relationships and characteristics around this process, we visited places where Bolivian immigrants gather in the city, we conducted exploratory conversations with representatives of civil society organizations that fight for immigrants rights, and, finally, we carried out 16 interviews with students, parents, teachers and employees of public schools in the capital. The research was developed from three analytical axes. The first deals with the relationship between access and retention in school, observing the obstacles in that direction. The second point of analysis takes into account the relationship between the Bolivian immigrants and families with the local school community especially teachers and other Brazilian students. There is a tension when it comes to contemporary international debate in the field of human rights involving universalism and particularism, equality and difference, which was considered during the development of all this study and particularly along this axis. The third and final axis draws on the families and their expectations regarding the school. What are the Bolivian immigrants\' expectations? What do mothers say about Brazilian school, what do they think about local teachers? A first assessment shows that, at least from a human rights perspective, there is still a long way to go. The universal right to education here is challenged by many kinds of violations and also by the silence that touches this issue - the lack of data, research and visibility hinder the realization of educational rights. For those who are illegally in the country, even though the law guarantees this right, the lack of documentation is still an obstacle to enter or even to leave the school. Bureaucracy, lack of information on educational rights and indifference to the fact they have other native languages are other barriers observed along this study. Once inside the school, the reports we collected showed important elements that characterize an environment that does not promote learning and challenges the promotion of human rights, with cases of prejudice, discrimination and violence.

In the past, human rights have often been studied as philosophical or legal concepts. In this thesis, Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis is adopted to examine them as social practices, specifically focusing on the human right to food. This is done through a discursive analysis of a corpus of documents drawn from FIAN International, a human rights organization advocating for the human right to food, and La Via Campesina, an international peasant organization which also aims to realize the right to food but is not itself a human rights organization. Findings highlight how each of the organizations define the right to food, and show that these differences are tied to the structure of the organizations themselves. This suggests that human rights organizations such as FIAN are more constrained by their need to balance legitimacy and programmatic visions than are other types of organizations in the struggle for meaningful social change.

Cervical Cancer is a preventable disease. Sadly it is a cause morbidity and mortality of women in poor socio-economic settings worldwide, largely due to avoidable factors. This amounts to a gross violation of the rights to life and access to healthcare of vulnerable populations of women. Awareness, sensitisation and mobilisation of the civil society could be crucial in influencing change in political will and healthcare policies to address the needs of HIV infected women, in particular, given their susceptibility to the development of cervical cancer. This work advocates for the South African government to further commit resources towards the prevention of cervical cancer, including hysterectomy in women at high risk of developing cervical cancer before it ensues. / Mini Dissertation (MPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Public Law / MPhil / Unrestricted

This dissertation will examine the question of whether internet neutrality is protected within the current South African legal framework and secondly whether or not internet neutrality should be protected when considering the policy advantages and disadvantages that it presents. Due to the fact that the arguments in support as well as against internet neutrality fundamentally originate from broadly two different and distinct philosophical approaches, this paper starts off with a historical analysis of the development of the internet. This is followed by a discussion of the nature of rights vis-à-vis the question of whether access to the internet can be considered as a fundamental human and/or legal right. After discussing both the history of the internet and the nature of rights in the context of the subject matter of this paper, the paper turns to the policy of internet neutrality itself. The paper compares the differing approaches followed by firstly the USA and secondly the EU with regards to internet neutrality, specifically in relation to consumer rights, competition law and corporate transparency. At the end of the paper, current South African consumer rights protection and competition law are analysed in order to determine whether or not the existing regulations afford adequate protect against potential abuses of data discrimination by ISPs. The debate regarding internet neutrality potentially affects each and every jurisdiction throughout the world where internet users accesses the internet. Not only is internet neutrality therefore a policy consideration all over the world but the policy consideration is one that should be answered through multidisciplinary research and inputs. It is therefore important to note that this research paper is written from a legal perspective and is merely a contribution to a policy question (namely that of internet neutrality) that has to be considered through the lenses of various academic fields. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Mercantile Law / LLM / Unrestricted

The German government’s decision in 2016 to reduce the number of incoming immigrants by suspending family reunification for beneficiaries of subsidiary protection for two years, sparked a controversial debate, with some critics arguing that family reunification represents a human right. Contributing to the very scarce literature about this development, the aim pursued in this thesis is to better understand the differing discourses and (de-)legitimation strategies regarding the suspension by comparatively analysing written statements handed in to German parliament by the government and civil society organisations in March of 2017. The theoretical framework underlying this thesis are the discursive understanding of human rights by Seyla Benhabib and Michel Foucault’s theorisation of power and knowledge. The methodological framework consists of a three-dimensional critical discourse analysis by Norman Fairclough complemented with an analysis of the four categories of (de-)legitimation by Theo van Leeuwen. The results of the analysis show that two types of discourse are pursued in the material: a legal, technical discourse by the government supported by (de-)legitimation strategies relying on national laws, administrative court decisions and the value of qualities like leadership and a discourse focused on the value of family life by the civil society organisations. Despite the diverse backgrounds of the civil society organisations analysed, coinciding (de-)legitimation strategies based on the importance of family life for integration and based on the case law of federal and European courts were identified.

The aim of this essay is to study and examine the EU's anti-trafficking measures in relation to human rights. This study will be a policy study on EU policy documents. In this study, a main question and a sub-question have been selected which read:What anti-trafficking measures has the EU presented between the years 2012-2016 to prevent trafficking? Are human rights associated with trafficking?  The theory that comes into use consists of the neo-institutional theory and its three pillars presented by Scott. R. Also presented is a short section of President Bush's speech in 2003 on trafficking  Under the strategies several measures are categorized. Two out of many measures presented are: Ensuring preventive financial investigations and integrating the EU's external functions. Regarding the question of human rights and trafficking and if they are related to each other. It has indicated that these two have a close connection with each other. As human rights and the fight against trafficking are highly established.

[pt] A intersecção da Psicologia e dos direitos humanos é uma área de pesquisa importante e complexa que envolve o exame do papel da ciência psicológica na promoção dos direitos humanos. Os direitos humanos são normas internacionais que reconhecem e protegem a dignidade de todos os seres humanos. Direitos humanos regem a forma como os indivíduos vivem na sociedade e uns com os outros, bem como a sua relação com o Estado e as obrigações do Estado para com eles. Entretanto, seguem ocorrendo graves violações das condições básicas de vida digna em todo o mundo – o que exige estudos aprofundados para o combate de suas causas e soluções. O presente trabalho pretende compreender o lugar que os direitos humanos ocuparam e ocupam no cenário brasileiro da Psicologia e de sua necessária defesa. Para isso serão abordados elementos teóricos e documentais, examinando o material produzido pelo Conselho Federal de Psicologia, compreendendo o processo histórico da luta inicial pela implantação de uma prática ética da Psicologia, baseada nos direitos humanos, desde seu reconhecimento como profissão até o trabalho atualmente estabelecido pelo Conselho (gestão 2022-2025). / [en] The intersection of psychology and human rights is an important and complex area of research that involves examining the role of psychological science in promoting human rights. Human rights are international standards that recognize and protect the dignity of all human beings. Human rights govern the way individuals live in society and with each other, as well as their relationship with the State and the State s obligations to them. However, serious violations of the basic conditions of a dignified life continue to occur throughout the world – which requires in-depth studies to combat their causes and solutions. The present work aims to understand the place that human rights occupied and still occupy in the Brazilian scenario of Psychology and its necessary defense. To this end, theoretical and documentary elements will be brought forward, examining the material produced by the Federal Council of Psychology, understanding the historical process of the initial struggle for the implementation of an ethical practice in Psychology, based on human rights, from its recognition as a profession to the work currently established by the Council (management 2022-2025).