Orientador: Alberto Luiz Francato / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T18:59:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Franco_HermasTeixeira_M.pdf: 12981499 bytes, checksum: 1cc917f0c21b08e2633be79cc8d29042 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo construir uma ferramenta de suporte à decisão que permita avaliar de maneira fácil e rápida as alternativas existentes para a otimização energética do aproveitamento conjunto da operação multipla de um "Sistema Reservatório" já existente com vistas à maximização dos benefícios deste sistema. Definiu-se (para uso neste trabalho) a expressão "Sistema Reservatório"? como sendo um conjunto de reservatórios hídricos que propõe-se administrar. Definiu-se ainda (no âmbito deste trabalho) como benefícios a energia potencial gravitacional total (dentro do horizonte de planejamento) dos recursos hídricos compreendidos neste estudo. Para avaliar estas alternativas de otimização foi desenvolvido um especial sistema de suporte à decisão para ser usado pelos operadores do sistema podendo subsidiar o processo da tomada das decisões. Procurou-se construir esta ferramenta de tal forma que fosse constituida por um sistema computacional em ambiente gráfico (Windows ®) com interface amigável ao usuário (F-GUI - Friendly Grafic User Interface), para ser usada de forma contínua e que fosse também de fácil implantação. O arcabouço teórico utilizado pelo sistema foi o da concepção de Sistema de Suporte à Decisão para a modelagem do sistema em estudo, tendo usado a técnica de Programação Não Linear para a etapa da otimização. As funções da otimização multi-objetivo inerentes à produção de energia elétrica ou reservação de volumes d'água para a mesma finalidade, são tratadas pelo método das ponderações, ficando a cargo dos operadores do sistema a calibração dos fatores sob diferentes situações de carga. Este trabalho utilizou os dados disponibilizados pela AES Tietê referentes a cinco reservatórios-usinas sequenciais no Rio Tietê, três reservatórios-usinas sequencias no Rio Pardo, um reservatório-usina no Rio Grande e um reservatório-usina no Rio Mogi-Guaçu, todos situados na região Sudeste do Brasil / Abstract: This dissertation has the objective of build a Decision Support Tool that gives a quick and easy way to analyze all the different alternatives to manage integrated a complex of hydroelectric reservoirs seeking the maximization of the benefits of the complex. The benefits of the complex were defined as the total potential gravitational energy of the hydraulic resources included in the system in the period of the planning horizon. This tool had being built looking for a computer Friendly Graphic User Interface based in the Microsoftã Windows Operational System to make easy the use of the tool day by day and also the initial installation in the users computers. The theory used were the conception of the Decision Support Tool in the modeling phase study and the Non Linear Programming in the optimization phase. This dissertation has used the data provided by the owner of the power generation complex -AES Tiete- that include five reservoirs in the Tiete river basin, three reservoirs in the Pardo river basin, one reservoir in the Grande river basin and one reservoir in the Mogi-Guaçu river basin, all of them in the southeast region of Brasil, South America / Mestrado / Recursos Hidricos / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Orientador: Ruben Bresaola Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T19:55:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Boulomytis_VassilikiTerezinhaGalvao_M.pdf: 3974482 bytes, checksum: 15dcfd2ee445ca33460b72ce6e81ce45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Na região de Bueno Brandão, Sul de MG, a sub-bacia do Rio das Antas está localizada à montante da captação de águas para o abastecimento público municipal e é passiva de degradação qualitativa devido, principalmente, às atividades agropecuárias impactantes. A bataticultura se destaca entre elas devido às seguintes características: uso intensivo de agroquímicos, plantio em terrenos com declividades superiores a 20% e proximidade ou intervenção em Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP). Deste modo, esta foi a área de estudo escolhida, a fim de fornecer um prédiagnóstico ambiental através do uso de geotecnologias. Alguns locais de plantio de batatas foram pontualmente cadastrados, utilizando-se de um GPS de navegação, onde foram obtidos dados referentes aos agroquímicos utilizados nas lavouras. Estes pontos cadastrais foram utilizados como amostras no processo de classificação supervisionada da imagem de satélite LANDSAT TM5, adquirida no período de préplantio de julho/agosto de 2007. O software utilizado como Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) foi o SPRING, versão 4.3.3 (2007). A classificação de risco da subbacia foi obtida após a realização de operações lógicas e algébricas com os mapas temáticos de APP, de uso do solo e de declividades gerados durante o estudo, e comprovou a potencialidade de degradação hídrica das águas superficiais por agroquímicos. Através deste estudo, observou-se que com as ferramentas utilizadas e as informações qualitativas das bacias, é possível monitorar fenômenos diferenciados e evidenciar os possíveis pontos de maior degradação ambiental. / Abstract: In the county of Bueno Brandão, South of MG, the Antas River Watershed is located before the water supply area and is susceptible to hydro-degradation due to the damaging agricultural activities-chemicals was evaluated by the use of geotechnologies. The potato cropping is a remarkable activity among them due to the following features: intensive use of agro-chemicals, cropping in places that have slopes higher than 20%, close to or in permanent preservation areas (APP). Therefore, this was the chosen area of study, in order to provide an environmental pre-diagnosis by the use of geo-technologies. Some potato areas were individually registered, using a navigation GPS, where it was possible to obtain data regarding the agro-chemicals used in the cropping. These data locations were used as samples in the under-supervision classification process of the satellite image LANDSAT TM5, achieved in the period of preparation of the land in July/August of 2007. The software used as a Geographic Information System (GIS) was the SPRING, version 4.3.3 (2007). The classification of risk of the watershed was obtained after the implementation of logical and algebraic operations with the thematic maps of APP, use of land and slope generated during the study, and confirmed the potentiality of hydro-degradation in Superficial Waters by agro-chemicals. Through this study, it was observed that by the use of the available tools and qualitative watershed information, it is possible to monitor different phenomenon and display the possible places of higher environmental degradation. / Mestrado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第16808号 / 工博第3529号 / 新制||工||1534(附属図書館) / 29483 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科合成・生物化学専攻 / (主査)教授 杉野目 道紀, 教授 村上 正浩, 教授 吉田 潤一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

Abstract This thesis addresses the conceptual and institutional framework of current planning and assessment processes for large-scale energy projects in Finland. In particular, recent proposals for nuclear and hydro power projects are described and theoretically discussed in regard to the procedural capacities that allow for public participation. It is argued that because of ill-defined purposes of public participation and an institutional bias towards conflict-free siting processes, opportunities for participation have little relevance in terms of the overall aim of rendering decisions legitimate. Rather, participatory procedures exhibit a strong ritualistic character within a legalistic atmosphere, thereby excluding political argument whenever citizens are encouraged to engage. A normative account of the welfare society – expressed in Finland through the notion of the overall good in energy decision making – advocates reflection on current practices against the background of conceptualisation of political engagement in planning and decision making. In addition, it is argued that despite efforts to strengthen local government and administration, public institutions appear to refrain from engaging in the planning process. This vacant space is filled by private institutions, though these lack a political mandate for their activities. Thus, this thesis argues that instead of increasing the legitimacy of procedures and decisions, the opposite is taking place through a weakening of public institutions and representative functions. More generally, it is emphasised that the participatory imperative has to be considered a paradigmatic shift that requires reflection. The thesis discusses the influence of academic scholars on the formulation of a “participatory turn” that has produced an understanding of underlying expectations towards participating citizens in planning and assessment processes. Based on a review of theoretical outlines of reasonable and rational discourse, it is stated that these notions neglect important motivational factors and reinforce the exclusion of citizen participation in political struggle. / Tiivistelmä Tämä väitöskirja käsittelee laajojen energiahankkeiden nykyisten suunnittelu- ja arviointiprosessien käsitteellistä ja institutionaalista rakennetta. Erityisesti kuvataan ja tarkastellaan teoreettisesti viimeaikaisia ydin- ja vesivoimahanke-esityksiä suhteessa menettelytapojen kykyyn ottaa huomioon kansalaisten vaikutusmahdollisuudet. Osoitetaan, että epämääräisten julkisen osallistumisen tavoitteiden ja yksipuolisen sijoitusprosessien konfliktittomuutta suosivan institutionaalisen suhtautumisen vuoksi osallistumistilaisuuksilla on vain vähän merkitystä päätösten legitimoinnin tavoitteen kannalta. Legalistisen ilmapiirin vallitessa osallistavat menettelytavat näyttäytyvät pikemminkin luonteeltaan ritualistisina, ja tähän liittyen poliittiset argumentit jätetään huomiotta aina, kun kansalaisia rohkaistaan vaikuttamaan. Normatiivinen kuvaus hyvinvointiyhteiskunnasta – joka Suomessa ilmaistaan energiapäätöksenteossa yleisen hyvän käsityksen kautta – vaatii nykyisten käytäntöjen uudelleenarviointia suunnitteluun ja päätöksentekoon liittyvän poliittisen sitoutumisen käsitteellistämisen taustaa vasten. Lisäksi osoitetaan, että huolimatta yrityksistä vahvistaa paikallista hallintoa, julkiset instituutiot näyttävät olevan haluttomia sitoutumaan suunnitteluprosesseihin. Tämän vapaan tilan täyttävät yksityiset instituutiot, vaikka niiden toiminnalta puuttuu poliittinen mandaatti. Siten tämä väitöskirja esittää, että menettelytapojen ja päätösten legitimiteetin lisäämisen sijaan on julkisten instituutioiden ja edustuksellisten tehtävien heikkenemisen kautta käymässä päinvastoin. Yleisemmällä tasolla painotetaan, että osallistava imperatiivi täytyy ymmärtää paradigmaattiseksi muutokseksi, joka vaatii pohdiskelua. Väitöskirja käsittelee akateemisten tutkijoiden vaikutusta ”osallistavan käänteen” formulointiin, joka on vaikuttanut käsityksiin suunnittelu- ja arviointiprosesseihin osallistuvista kansalaisista. Järkevän ja rationaalisen diskurssin teoreettisten yhteenvetojen uudelleen tarkastelun perusteella todetaan, että nämä käsitykset jättävät huomiotta tärkeitä motivaatioon liittyviä tekijöitä ja vahvistavat kansalaisten osallistumisen sulkemista poliittisen taistelun ulkopuolelle.

Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Eric A. Bernard / This study is an integration of GIS, the Arc Hydro data model and tools, and hydrologic models to solve land use planning issues in the Little Kitten Creek watershed, Riley County, Kansas. Every day designers plan and design in watersheds. These designs alter the land use cover and change the hydrologic regime. Generally the design and development process does not consider upstream/downstream impacts on water quality and quantity. As a result development often increases flooding and water pollution. With the advent of the geodatabase, and the Arc Hydro geodatabase data model, designers have a flexible new tool for rapid simulation of a watershed. Arc Hydro allows the incorporation of traditional hydrologic data into linked modeling software together enabling users a “one-stop” approach for assimilating and modeling water resource systems. Once hydrologic data is in the Arc Hydro format it can be incorporated into assessment models, such as the Map to Map model. This case study assessed the floodplain analysis capabilities of the Map to Map model in the Little Kitten Creek (HUC 14) watershed. Steps to accomplish this goal were: data collection (digital and field surveys) and processing, geodatabase construction, linking the geodatabase with hydrologic modeling programs and, analysis of land uses within the watershed using the Map to Map model with the intent to produce flood maps based on land use changes.

The following research examined the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its influence on branding in the energy sector. This research took place at Hydro Ottawa because it is a power distribution and a power generation company, with a mixed private and public business model operating in a monopolistic context, which is a well-rounded example that can be transferred to other organizations and other sectors. This research followed a case study approach guided by Strauss and Corbin’s (1990, 1998) grounded theory. This study attempted to answer the following research question 1) Who are the main stakeholders at Hydro Ottawa and what type of influence do they have on the development of their CSR and branding strategies? 2) How is CSR enunciated and applied at Hydro Ottawa? 3) How does CSR shape the brand image of Hydro Ottawa? In order to explore the research questions, the data collected for this study consisted of interviews, organizational documents, as well as observation. Due to the time limitation for a master’s thesis, six participants were chosen for interviews, which were later transcribed, coded and analysed by the researcher. The findings indicated that building a CSR strategy based on a healthy organizational culture, stakeholder needs, and the triple bottom line (financial, social, environmental) led to CSR essentially becoming the brand. The brand can then be communicated and shaped from and inside-out (from the employees to the external stakeholders)/outside-in (from external stakeholders to inside the organization) approach. Based on a grounded theory analysis, the researcher created a step-by-step prescriptive model that could be used to advance corporate social responsibility into Hydro Ottawa’s brand as well as offer a critical perspective of the findings.

Dans les bassins versants montagneux englacés la biodiversité des rivières est fortement influencée par l'hétérogénéité physico-chimique des habitats due aux dynamiques spatio-temporelles des contributions des différentes sources d'eau: la fonte des neiges, de la glace et les eaux souterraines. Un des effets du réchauffement climatique est l'accélération de la fonte des glaciers entraînant la réduction de la contribution en eaux de fonte. Cette modification du régime des eaux va probablement affecter la biodiversité aquatique. Ainsi il est primordial d'identifier les effets de l'influence glaciaire sur les communautés aquatiques afin de pouvoir prévoir l'impact du retrait glaciaire sur la biodiversité aquatique. Dans cette étude nous avons examiné l'effet de l'influence glaciaire sur les macroinvertébrés aquatiques. L'étude a été menée dans 51 sites dans un bassin versant englacé dans les Andes équatoriennes (Antisana, Équateur) où les crues glaciaires ont lieu toute l'année dû au manque de saison. Nos principaux objectifs étaient de déterminer l'influence glaciaire à chaque site, caractériser l'impact de l'influence glaciaire sur les communautés de macroinvertébrés et anticiper la réponse des macroinvertébrés aquatiques face au retrait des glaciers. Pour répondre à ces objectifs, nous avons quantifié l'influence glaciaire à partir de différentes méthodes et testé son effet sur les macroinvertébrés à plusieurs échelles: du cours d'eau au bassin versant. Cette étude nous a permis de mieux comprendre les mécanismes dirigeant la distribution des macroinvertébrés et de déterminer le potentiel risque d'extinction d'espèces due la diminution de la contribution en eau glaciaire. / In mountainous glacierized catchments, stream biodiversity is strongly influenced by physicochemical habitat heterogeneity linked to the spatio-temporal dynamics of water source contributions from snowmelt, ice-melt and groundwater. One impact of climate change is the rapid shrinking of glaciers, resulting in a reduction in glacial meltwater contribution to river flow in glacierized catchments. These modifications in water regimes are expected to affect the aquatic biodiversity. Thus it is of critical importance to understand the effect of glacial influence on aquatic communities in glacierized catchments to be able to predict the impact of glacier retreat on the aquatic biodiversity. In this study, we investigated the effects of the glacial influence on aquatic macroinvertebrates. The study was conducted in 51 stream sites in a glacierized catchment in the equatorial Andes (Antisana, Ecuador), where glacial floods occur all year round due to the lack of thermal seasonality. Our main objectives were to determine the glacial influence at each stream site; to characterize the impact of the glacial influence on the macroinvertebrate communities; and to anticipate the aquatic macroinvertebrates response to glacier retreat. In order to meet these objectives, we quantified the glacial influence using different methods and test its effects on macroinvertebrates at different scales from the stream reach to the entire catchment. These analyses allowed us to better understand the mechanisms governing macroinvertebrates distribution, and to determine the potential risk of species loss with the diminution of glacial meltwater contribution.

abstract: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)’s National Water Model (NWM) will provide the next generation of operational streamflow forecasts at different lead times across United States using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Hydro hydrologic system. These forecasts are crucial for flood protection agencies and water utilities, including the Salt River Project (SRP). The main goal of this study is to calibrate WRF-Hydro in the Oak Creek Basin (OCB; ~820 km2), an unregulated mountain sub-watershed of the Salt and Verde River basins in Central Arizona, whose water resources are managed by SRP and crucial for the Phoenix Metropolitan area. As in the NWM, WRF-Hydro was set up at 1-km (250-m) resolution for the computation of the rainfall-runoff (routing) processes. Model forcings were obtained by bias correcting meteorological data from the North American Land Data Assimilation System-2 (NLDAS-2). A manual calibration approach was designed that targets, in sequence, the sets of model parameters controlling four main processes responsible for streamflow and flood generation in the OCB. After a first calibration effort, it was found that WRF-Hydro is able to simulate runoff generated after snowmelt and baseflow, as well as magnitude and timing of flood peaks due to winter storms. However, the model underestimates the magnitude of flood peaks caused by summer thunderstorms, likely because these storms are not captured by NLDAS-2. To circumvent this, a seasonal modification of soil parameters was adopted. When doing so, acceptable model performances were obtained during calibration (2008-2011) and validation (2012-2017) periods (NSE > 0.62 and RMSE = ~2.5 m3/s at the daily time scale). The process-based calibration strategy utilized in this work provides a new approach to identify areas of structural improvement for WRF-Hydro and the NWM. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2020

The compromise between ride comfort and handling for a passive suspension system is a well-known and often researched problem. Semi-active suspension systems offer significant improvements to this compromise. One example of a semi-active system, that can change both spring and damper characteristics between two discrete values is the 4-state semi-active hydro-pneumatic suspension system. This system can switch between a ”ride comfort mode” (soft spring and low damping) and a ”handling mode” (stiff spring and high damping) within 100ms, improving both ride comfort and handling. The discrete 4S4 could be improved upon further by adding continuous variable damping. Work on this topic showed great promise but also posed its challenges in achieving this in a safe and controllable manner. In order to make continuous variable damping a reality a new configuration for the 4S4 is proposed. This new configuration incorporates a blow-off damper in parallel with a proportional flow control valve. The system ensures that, in the highly non-linear closing region of the proportional flow control valve, adequate damping for handling is maintained and uncontrollable peak pressure differences are avoided. Experimental work conducted showed that the system was capable of achieving the required spring and variable damping characteristics in a safe and controllable manner. The experimental data was used for parametrizing and validating a physics based mathematical model of the suspension system. The mathematical model incorporates the: pressure drop vs: flow characteristics for both the blow-off and proportional valves, response time for the on-off valves as well as the gas pressure vs: flow characteristic incorporating the compressibility of the oil and thermal properties of the gas. This model can be used to make informed decisions on further prototype development or in full vehicle simulations. The system makes continuous variable damping possible ranging from the optimal damping characteristic for handling to the low damping characteristic required for ride comfort. The system also shows a significant reduction in friction. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / VDG / University of Pretoria / Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering / MEng / Unrestricted

This diploma thesis describes design of a new shape of the draft tube for small hydro Katovice with maintaining built dimension. First part of this thesis is devoted to the formulation of the problem, description of basic function of the draft tube, its efficiency and other formulas. In the second part of this thesis the analysis is made for original design supported by CFD calculation. Furthermore a new design of the draft tube is made with comparison of original draft tube.