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生命教育的自覺與實踐-以Bunun與一貫道信仰在台東的邂逅為例 / Self-Awareness and Practice of Life Education-Encounter between Taitung’s Bunun and the I-Kuan Tao faith as example温毓禎 Unknown Date (has links)
台灣南島語族近百年來受到外來因素影響,而產生不小變化。其中之一,便 是從傳統文化信仰改宗為西洋之基督宗教,這種集體改宗的現象,發生在戰後的 1960年代由為顯著。雖然如此,但這並不能涵蓋所有原住民族的不同信仰與臺灣宗教的多元複雜,以及隱藏在人的歷史性和體驗背後更為基礎的東西,是所有人 類生命共同相屬,思考生命意義並且期望實現意義的作為。
研究者認為以 Bunun 與一貫道信仰在台東的邂逅為例,揭示當代 Bunun 生 命教育的自覺與實踐是值得探討的。因此,本文主要研究目的為: 闡述當代 Bunun 其扎根於社會脈絡下,自我生命價值與文化精神的再創造,這是關乎於「人」 心靈的渴求與生命終極關懷的教育議題﹔以田野調查及個案深度訪談作為研究方式,藉由田野調查了解台東布農族群其信仰一貫道之社會脈絡與現況,並透過個 案深度訪談了解當代 Bunun 跨越多重文化信仰對其所象徵的意義為何,又一貫道蘊含之生命/靈性道義藉文化轉譯是如何獲得族群信仰認同﹔另外曾經在一貫道中「求道」又回到原宗教信仰者,是如何看待宗教與生命間的關係。
研究結果顯示當代 Bunun 對生命的終極關懷主要可歸納於三大面向。一是 對於「靈性」當家作主,原初我為生命真主人的企求﹔二是認為尊重生命的根本, 即從身、心、靈做起﹔三是以「家」為踐道之起點,「地球生態」永續發展為宇 宙公民之責任。 / Taiwan’s Austronesian have been influenced by extrinsic factors for the past century and have produced some changes. One of them is conversion from traditional cultural beliefs to western Christianity, this phenomenon of collective conversion occurred more prominently in post-war 1960’s. However, this does not extend totally to all the diverse beliefs of the indigenous people and to the multiplicity of religions in complex Taiwan, as well as those underlying historical and experimental nature of human beings. Humans commonly, think of the meaning of life and how to achieve this expectation.
The author of this study believes the Taitung’s Bunun traditional culture and their belief in I-Kuan Tao’s encounter, for example, reveals the awareness and the practice of contemporary Bunun’s life education are worth exploring. Therefore, the main points of this study are expounds the contemporary Bunun who is rooted in the following social context and recreates the value of self-life and cultural spirit, which is related to the educational assertion of the "human" mind and the ultimate concern of life. On the basis of field work and in-depth interviews, used as methods of research and through field investigation of the Taitung's Bunun people's belief in I-Kuan Tao, the social context and situation; and through in-depth case interviews, to fathom the contemporary Bunun, across the multiple cultural beliefs, on the significance of symbols consistent with life and spiritual moral righteousness and how this can be translated into a faith recognized by the ethnic group. In addition, in the same way, what is the meaning of life if the "Tao seekers" were to return to their original religious faith?
The research results show that contemporary Bununs ultimate concern for life can be summed up into three aspects, one is to be the master of "spirituality" , and be my own original master; second, is the respect for fundamental life, that is beginning from the body, mind and spirit; third, is the "home" as the starting point of the practice of Tao, the responsibility of the citizens of the Universe for "Earth's ecological" sustainable development.
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Nodes and Hubs: An Exploration of Yiguandao Temples as ‘Portals of Globalization’Broy, Nikolas 09 June 2023 (has links)
This paper takes a fresh look at the global spread of the Chinese–Taiwanese new religious movement Yiguandao (一貫道; the emic transcription is “I-Kuan Tao”) by directing attention to the concrete places where transnational connections and interactions actually transpire, i.e., temples, shrines, and other sites of worship. Emically known as “Buddha halls” (fotang 佛堂), these places range from large-scale temple complexes, to small niches of worship in people’s private residences. Yet, they all share the potential of becoming venues of transregional interactions through processes of migration, the circulation of personnel, and local outreach. I argued that we need to take the distinct character of these localities more seriously, in order to fully understand the global networks of Yiguandao groups. Through their specific embeddedness in both local affairs and transnational projects, these temples are not simply local chapters of the (mostly) Taiwanese headquarters, but instead they are “translocalities” or even “portals of globalization”—two concepts developed in migration and global studies to help understand the significance of place in the recent phase of so-called globalization. By exploring Yiguandao temples across the globe, this paper critically evaluated these approaches, and their usefulness for the study of global religions. Empirically, it drew on both print and online material, as well as ethnographic fieldwork conducted by the author in Taiwan, Vienna (Austria), California, South Africa, and Japan from 2016 to 2018.
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一貫道常州組來台灣發展歷程鍾權煌 Unknown Date (has links)
1945年後一貫道大量從中國來台傳道,在目前的台灣是具相當有活力的宗教,不僅在國內傳教,現在更積極往海外拓展道務。回顧一貫道在台灣的發展歷史,一貫道在台灣是一個備受打壓的一個宗教團體,當時國民黨政府為了維持以及安定社會秩序而決意打壓一貫道,直到國民黨政府在1988年開放同意讓一貫道合法化,讓一貫道遭受長達40多年的壓迫。也由於國民黨政府的打壓,造成一貫道的發展歷程誨暗不明、發展方式低調隱密,使得多數人無法理解一貫道的發展歷史。
在中國發揚的一貫道,自1930年農曆6月15日一貫道的師尊、師母同領天命後,一貫道從中國的濟南開展,次第往天津、青島、北平、西安等地發展,從地理來看,是由華北而華東、華中、東北、西北、華南、西南,至1945年二次大戰結束後,已將一貫道傳往中國各地。
一貫道普傳中國各地後,一貫道常州組於1943年正式成立,由上海基礎壇獨立出來,因此與基礎壇關係深厚。常州組成立後,吳萼偉派徐昌大、顧愛珩等人來台灣發展一貫道,之後徐昌大常駐在台灣發展道務,一貫道常州組遂在台灣穩定下來,發展至今。
徐昌大來台灣發展一貫道,銳意推廣一貫道,透過徐昌大學習在地的語言,用在地的語言推廣一貫道,在他這一代就已完成本土化的過程。本文為理解一貫道在台灣本土化的過程,以常州組為研究對象,分析其本土化過程,理解其發展的歷史,透過口述歷史的資料,描繪出一貫道常州組從中國開始成立,並且來台灣的發展歷史,同時也說明了常州組來台人員徐昌大是如何扎根本土、深耕在地、發揚國際,然後一直發展到2008年的過程。
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從《皇 訓子十誡》談一貫道的修行實踐 / A study on the cultivation and practice of I-Kuan Tao basic on《Ten commandments of Huang Mu teaching the sons》王延平 Unknown Date (has links)
一貫道已成當代的顯學,雖其學術研究成果尚不豐富,但其參與各種社會活動卻相當活躍,而信徒人數也佔臺灣人口相當高的比率。其在臺灣的發展,從早年政府、社會各方的打壓,而至登記為合法宗教並向海外傳播,至今在國內外蓬勃發展,秉持的是什麼樣的修行觀?宗教實踐的內涵為何?兩者的關聯性如何?這些都是本論文要探討的問題。
本論文採取的研究方法包括文本分析、田野調查與問卷調查。先從《皇 訓子十誡》訓文本中提出一貫道的修行觀,並從中歸納一貫道信仰的核心價值為無生老 的概念,由此概念才能推展出其他的修行觀。再從田野調查中觀察一貫道的宗教實踐,分為宗教儀式、個人修辦與社會公益三類。最後則以問卷調查分析的方式來探討修行觀與宗教實踐的關聯性,從寶光崇正道場中對特定族群做不分年齡、性別、學歷的抽樣調查,分析結果發現,宗教實踐確實和修行觀有所關聯,而影響最多的選項為「行功了愿」的修行觀,這也和研究觀察的發現相符,但其內在的觀念仍是無生老 。
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宗教倫理秩序的整合關係:以一貫道寶光崇正奠禮為例 / The integrated ties of religious ethics order- focased on i-kuan tao bao guang chong zheng’s laying ceremony張佳梅, Chang, Chia Mei Unknown Date (has links)
宗教倫理即是以宗教信仰為核心而建構的倫理道德體系。一貫道信仰中,道親往生後,家屬處於不穩定狀態,宗教倫理能提供死者一個終極關懷,即是回歸理天的彼岸世界。對家屬而言,一貫道道場倫理給予物質與精神面的支助,強化此岸世界的倫理關係,人與人與間更緊密的連結起來。
本論文從一貫道內部經典與外界研究的文獻整理,來分析有關宗教儀禮的教義與實踐,另外,從各組線的訪問與田野調查比較其奠禮的發展過程與理念基礎。此研究首先探討一貫道教義的基本觀念,再對應理天倫理與道場倫理的互動關係,然後對奠禮儀式的人事安排、流程與意涵加以剖析,最後與民間奠禮做一比較,可觀察一貫道禮儀在禮俗上,經過吸收與轉化後對社會的貢獻程度。總結,一貫道奠禮可以說明宗教倫理對失序的家庭倫理有支持、整合的功效。 / Religious ethic is constituted as a frame of moral philosophy that centered by religious beliefs. In the beliefs of I-Kuan Tao, Tao members’ death lead their families fall into a instable status; therefore, religious ethic is seeking to a situation of providing flatliner a ultimate concern, which means after death, the spirit will go back to “Li Tian” - Heaven. For those Tao members who face their families’ death, Tao ethic could offer the support not only on substance but also spirit side, so it improves the ethical relationship in the shore world, and link up all people more closer.
This thesis was done via researching from inside scripture of I-Kuan Tao and outside studies from relative scholars to analyze about creed and practice of religious ritual. In addition, the thesis was also completed by doing interview and fieldwork of other branch of I-Kuan Tao on the development of the laying ceremony. The thesis started with the basic concept of I-Kuan Tao’s dogma, and then correspond the interactive relation between Heaven ethic and temple ethic. Subsequently analyze the ritual of laying ceremony of personnel arrangement and procedure and significance. Finally the thesis show the comparison of I-Kuan Tao laying ceremony and folk type to show I-Kuan Tao’s way has contributed to the society. In conclusion, I-Kuan Tao’s laying ceremony can interpret that religious ethic the function of supporting and integration for the domestic disorder.
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點傳師與資本家-宗教與勞動控制的關係,以一貫道為例 / Dian-Chuan-Shi And Capital-The Relationship Between Religion and Labor Control - An Example by I-Kuan-Tao李怡道, Lee, Yi-Tao Unknown Date (has links)
宗教與勞動控制的關係,在西方的資本主義研究裡,通常是將宗教當成是一個外部的力量,由資產階級所控制的教會或者宗教組織,透過教會的教育與道德規約系統,傳達與建立對資產階級有利的意識型態,從而間接地協助資產階級確立社會的統治權。
我將這樣的關係,拿到台灣來考察,以一貫道為例子進行研究。在勞動倫理的研究中發現一貫道的勞動倫理,是立基於天命觀──即是認為今生的貧富貴賤是由前世的生活內容所決定──來發展,於是,身為資本家或是受僱的工人這樣的社會關係,便被天命觀神秘化,被解釋成一種因為天命而來無可改動的社會位置。在直接借用儒家義理的狀況之下,勞動倫理發展為強調勤勞、節制,這個部分與韋伯對新教倫理與資本主義的關係的解釋是相吻合的。
教義與勞動倫理的傳達,則是透過宗教領導人:點傳師來傳達。點傳師一職的神聖來源早期是依靠分享張天然個人的卡里斯瑪,在張天然死後,各組織雖有差異,但是大抵是透過領天命的宣稱來確立自己的神聖性,今日道場上的點傳師以及師母線的前人(高階層的點傳師)並且利用人際關係的互動操作,來保護自己領有天命的神聖身分,避開過多日常與道親的互動,使得神聖身分更加不易受到挑戰。當點傳師將所傳達的勞動倫理拉高到修道的位置,加上點傳師不易挑戰的神聖身分,可以推論一貫道的倫理價值觀有相當的傳達效果,並可推論對資本主義的發展有明顯的助益。
一貫道與勞動控制的關係,並不僅止於站在勞動現場之外,傳達對資本有利的價值觀與意識型態。
一貫道這個宗教組織,由於在修行的法門上有明顯的世俗性格,強調聖凡兼修,使得所有的信徒包括宗教領導人都不用拋棄世俗的生活內容,便可以求道或者是擔任聖職。加上一貫道各組織的經費來源,多是依靠信徒不定期、非強制的捐獻,使得一貫道對富有信徒的依賴程度相當高。另外,由於擔任一貫道的點傳師是無給職,在資本主義社會發展下,將會使點傳師一職的授與產生了現實的限制,包括時間上的限制以及經濟能力的限制,以現狀來看,展現為一貫道的點傳師中有相當高比例的資本家。加上一貫道相當強調傳道渡人,使得點傳師資本家在企業中多設有佛堂並且向員工傳道。
本論文以長榮企業的張榮發為例,指出點傳師資本家的出現,在資本家的性格上與其他資本家並無二致,但是由於增加了使用天命來解釋勞資關係,使勞資關係神秘化且不可挑戰,加上在企業中傳道,使工人與資本家的關係增加了一個道親與點傳師的關係,於是得以更加容易地進行勞動控制。在一貫道的例子裡,宗教直接進入勞動現場,並且直接參與勞動控制,有機會發展為對工人身心靈三方面全面的控制。
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