Trotz deutlich zunehmender Durchimpfungsraten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen tritt Pertussis in Deutschland weiterhin als Ursache signifikanter Morbidität auf, v. a. bei ungeimpften Kindern und Säuglingen. Die Datenlage zur Pertussis-Epidemiologie ist vor allem in den alten Bundesländern aufgrund der bis 2013 fehlenden Meldepflicht sehr begrenzt. Das Ziel dieser Studie war die Ermittlung der Inzidenz und des Schweregrades von ICD-10-dokumentierten Bordetella pertussis-Hospitalisationen bei Kindern in Bayern. 27 (73%) von insgesamt 37 bayerischen Kinderkliniken beteiligten sich an der Surveillance-Studie. Sie führten eine Datenabfrage für im Jahr 2007 und 2008 stationär aufgenommene Kinder unter 17 Jahren mit einem ICD- 10-Code für Pertussis (A37.0 oder A37.9) als Haupt- oder Nebendiagnose bei Entlassung durch. Zu diesen Kindern wurden demographische Basisdaten sowie Jahr und Monat der Hospitalisation, Haupt- und alle Nebendiagnosen, Aufenthaltsdauer und Behandlung (OPS-Codes) erhoben. Im 2-Jahres-Zeitraum 2007/2008 wurden insgesamt 171 Fälle identifiziert (2007:109 Fälle; 2008: 62 Fälle), mit 0-17 gemeldeten Fällen pro Klinik. Mädchen waren mit 51% (n=88) etwas häufiger betroffen als Jungen. Der Altersmedian lag bei vier Monaten (IQR: 1-14 Monate); 121 (70.7%) Kinder waren Säuglinge <1 Jahr, 102 (59.6%) <6 Monate und 41 (24.0%) <2 Monate alt. Die jährliche Inzidenz bei Säuglingen <1 Jahr wurde auf 67/100.000 Hospitalisationen geschätzt, bei Säuglingen <2 Monate auf 22/100.000. Respiratorische Komplikationen einschließlich Pneumonien und Apnoen traten bei 31% (n=53) aller Kinder auf; von diesen waren 82% (n=39) <1 Jahr bzw. 44% (n=21) <2 Monate alt. Fünf Kinder (3%) mussten intensivstationär behandelt werden, davon waren 4 jünger als 4 Monate. Bei einem Säugling (0.6%) war ein Krampfanfall dokumentiert, kardio-respiratorische Komplikationen kamen bei 2% und Dehydratation bei 8% aller Kinder vor. Sowohl die Inzidenz der Hospitalisationen als auch die Komplikationsrate waren am höchsten bei Säuglingen <1 Jahr bzw. <2 Monaten. Die Ergebnisse belegen die Bedeutung der zeitgerechten Umsetzung der Impfempfehlung, d.h. den rechtzeitigen Start der Grundimmunisierung im Alter von 2, 3 und 4 Monaten. Auch die bereits 2004 empfohlene Impfung von Kontaktpersonen ist für die Prävention von Pertussis bei Säuglingen von hoher Wichtigkeit. Die bisher nicht allgemein empfohlene Impfung für Schwangere bzw. für Neugeborene könnte ggf. die Hospitalisationszahlen weiter senken; weitere Studien dazu werden dringend benötigt. / Despite high vaccination coverage among infants and adolescents, pertussis remains a reason for a high rate of morbidity and mortality, especially in unvaccinated infants. The data available on regard to pertussis epidemiology is very limited due to the fact that, until 2013, there was no reporting obligation for pertussis in the states of former West Germany. The aim of this study is to investigate the hospitalization rate and severity of ICD-10 documented Bordetella pertussis infections in Bavarian children. 27 (73%) of a total of 37 Bavarian children`s hospitals participated in the surveillance study. They carried out data retrieval for children under 17 years of age hospitalized in 2007 or 2008 with an ICD-10-pertussis-code (A37.0 or A37.9) as the primary or secondary diagnosis at discharge. The collected database included basic demographic data, year and month of hospital admission, all primary and secondary diagnoses, duration of hospital stay and treatment (OPS- and DRG-codes). From 2007 to 2008 a total of 171 cases were reported (2007: 109 cases; 2008: 62 cases), with 0-17 cases reported per hospital. At 51%, girls were more frequently affected than boys. The median age was 4 months (IQR: 1-14 months). 121 (70,7%) children were infants <1 year, 102 (59,6%) <6 months and 41 (24%) <2 months of age. The annual incidence for infants <1 year was estimated at 67 pertussis hospitalizations/100,000 children < 1 year, and for infants <2 months at 109 pertussis hospitalizations/100,000 children <2 months. Respiratory complications, including pneumonia and apnea, developed in 31% (n=53) of the children: whereby 82% (n=39) of them were <1 year old and 44% (n=21) <2 months of age. Five children (3%) required intensive care treatment, four of them were younger than 4 months of age. Convulsions were observed in one infant (0,6%). Further complications were cardio-respiratory complications (2%) and dehydration (8%). Both the incidence and complication rate were highest among children under 1 year of age and for infants under 2 months of age. The results prove the importance of timely implementation of vaccination recommendations i. e. the punctual beginning of basic immunization at the age of 2, 3 and 4 months. Furthermore, the vaccination of contact persons, which was recommended in 2004, is also extremely important for pertussis prevention in infants. Until now there has been no general recommendation for the vaccination of pregnant women or neonates as yet. However, these vaccinations could possibly reduce hospitalization rates even more; further studies are urgently required in this area.

<p>The essay investigates the economic burden of skin, soft tissue, bone and lung infections in Sweden 2003. The cost-of-illness method, based on the human capital theory, is used in the estimation. A prevalence approach and a top-down method were chosen for direct as well as indirect costs. Also there is a discussion concerning health economic aspects of antibiotic resistance and evidence of the increasing costs because of it. The lack of data leads to a result within a large interval of uncertainty; the direct costs are estimated to 1 072 million SEK and indirect costs are estimated to 4 655 million SEK.</p>

The essay investigates the economic burden of skin, soft tissue, bone and lung infections in Sweden 2003. The cost-of-illness method, based on the human capital theory, is used in the estimation. A prevalence approach and a top-down method were chosen for direct as well as indirect costs. Also there is a discussion concerning health economic aspects of antibiotic resistance and evidence of the increasing costs because of it. The lack of data leads to a result within a large interval of uncertainty; the direct costs are estimated to 1 072 million SEK and indirect costs are estimated to 4 655 million SEK.

Class of 2015 Abstract / Objectives: To assess the efficacy of fluconazole prophylaxis in the prevention of coccidioidomycosis in the post-heart transplant patient and to identify risk factors for coccidioidomycosis infection. Methods: Heart transplant patients with ICD-9 code V42.1 from October 2001 to October 2013, were selected and electronic medical records were retrospectively reviewed for coccidioidomycosis history, Coccidiodes serologies, reason for transplantation, immunosuppressive drug therapy regimens, rejection treatment course, fluconazole dose, and demographics. Negative Coccidiodes serology results post transplantation relative to negative Coccidiodes serology results prior to transplantation will be determined using a Chi Square test. Risk factors for disease contraction will be analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Between October 2001 and October 2013, 244 patients received a heart transplant at this institution. Fourteen (5.7%) heart transplant recipients with a negative Coccidiodes serology pre-transplantation had a positive Coccidiodes serology post-transplantation. Nine (64.2%) of those recipients received antifungal prophylaxis (p=0.16). Risk factors for developing a positive Coccidiodes serology included using tacrolimus (p=0.05) and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (p=0.04). Conclusions: Antifungal prophylaxis does not reduce the risk of developing a positive Coccidiodes serology after heart transplantation. Risk factors for developing a positive Coccidiodes serology include the use of tacrolimus and having non-ischemic cardiomyopathy prior to transplant.

Bakgrund: Ett hjärtstopp var en dramatisk händelse där reflektionen om existensen påbörjades. Det väcktes tankar och känslor som hade påverkan på livskvalitén och hälsan. Sjuksköterskans uppgift var att ge information och finnas där för patientens individuella behov. Syfte: Att beskriva patienters upplevelser efter ett hjärtstopp. Metod: Studien utfördes med en kvalitativ litteraturöversikt. Resultat: I resultatet framkom det att patienterna upplevde brist av information och att de ville bearbeta händelsen med andra. Efter hjärtstoppet fick patienterna ett nytt förhållningssätt till livet och vissa fysiska moment var svårare att utföra. Uppvaknandet efter hjärtstoppet var förvirrande och många känslor uppstod.  Konklusion: Resultatet visade att patienterna upplevde brist av information, kände önskan om att få bearbeta och dela erfarenheter med andra samt att stödet de fick uppskattades. Något som betraktades svårt var att leva en fungerande vardag och hitta den nya identiteten. Känslor såsom övergivenhet och osäkerhet uppkom men även tacksamhet och glädje att fått fortsätta livet. Om sjuksköterskan hade mer kunskap om patienters upplevelser, ökade chansen att vården efter händelsen blev mer patientcentrerad.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Hjärt-kärlsjukdomar är den vanligaste dödsorsaken globalt. Antalet hjärtstopp och personer som lever med en implanterbar defibrillator (ICD) har ökat. Behandling med en ICD är standard i vården för att primärt och sekundärt förebygga en plötslig hjärtdöd. Syfte: Att beskriva personers upplevelser av att leva med en ICD. Metod: En litteraturstudie med kvalitativ design baserad på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar som analyserats genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys med manifest ansats. Resultat: Resultatet av litteraturstudien presenteras i fem kategorier; Att leva med olika typer av rädslor, Att leva med förändringar och begränsningar, Att information och stöd var viktigt, Att anpassa sig till och acceptera ICD:n, Att få en andra chans i livet. Slutsats: Personer som lever med ICD upplever olika känslor som rädslor och sorg, till tacksamhet och trygghet. ICD:n leder till olika förändringar och begränsningar i livet som personerna behöver acceptera och anpassa sig till. Personerna upplever att information och stöd kan underlätta processen. Vidare forskning behövs för att öka sjuksköterskors kunskaper om personernas behov.

Identifying factors associated with appropriate and inappropriate therapies in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) could help to identify those at risk and reduce the incidence of this emergency situation which has detrimental effect on mortality and morbidity in patients with ICD. These studies were designed to find the prevalence and factors associated with appropriate and inappropriate therapies in patients with ICD.

No description available.

Évaluer la sécurité des patients hospitalisés constitue un enjeu majeur de la gestion des risques pour les services de santé. Le développement d’indicateurs destinés à mesurer les événements indésirables liés aux soins (EIS) est une étape cruciale dont le défi principal repose sur la performance des données utilisées. Le développement d’indicateurs de la sécurité des patients – les Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs) – par l’Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) aux Etats Unis, utilisant des codes de la 9ème révision (cliniquement modifiée) de la Classification Internationale des Maladies (CIM) présente des perspectives intéressantes. Nos travaux ont abordé cinq questions fondamentales liées au développement de ces indicateurs : la définition du cadre nosologique, la faisabilité de calcul des algorithmes et leur validité, la qualité des données pour coder les diagnostics médicaux à partir de la CIM et leur performance pour comparer plusieurs pays, et la possibilité d’établir une valeur de référence pour comparer ces indicateurs. Certaines questions demeurent cependant et nous proposons des pistes de recherche pour améliorer les PSIs : une meilleure définition des algorithmes et l’utilisation d’autres sources de données pour les valider (i.e., données de registre), ainsi que l’utilisation de modèles d’ajustement utilisant l’index de Charlson, le nombre moyen de diagnostics codés et une variable de la valeur prédictive positive, afin de contrôler les variations du case-mix et les différences de qualité du codage entre hôpitaux et pays. / Assessing safety among hospitalized patients is a major issue for health services. The development of indicators to measure adverse events related to health care (HAE) is a crucial step, for which the main challenge lies on the performance of the data used for this approach. Based on the limitations of the measurement in terms of reproducibility and on the high cost of studies conducted using medical records audit, the development of Patient Safety Indicators (PSI) by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) in the United States, using codes from the clinically modified 9th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) shows interesting prospects. Our work addressed five key issues related to the development of these indicators: nosological definition; feasibility and validity of codes based algorithms; quality of medical diagnoses coding using ICD codes, comparability across countries; and possibility of establishing a benchmark to compare these indicators. Some questions remain, and we suggest several research pathways regarding possible improvements of PSI based on a better definition of PSI algorithms and the use of other data sources to validate PSI (i.e., registry data). Thus, the use of adjustment models including the Charlson index, the average number of diagnoses coded and a variable of the positive predictive value should be considered to control the case-mix variations and differences of quality of coding for comparisons between hospitals or countries.