[pt] Neste trabalho, métodos analíticos foram desenvolvidos para a determinação de elementos terras raras (REE, do inglês Rare Earth Elements), por espectrometria de massa e espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-MS e ICP OES) numa amostra de asfalto. Foram avaliados os resultados analíticos através da análise de um material de referência certificado de rocha (GSP-1) e através da comparação dos resultados obtidos pelas duas técnicas. Dois diferentes métodos de lixiviação ácida foram empregados para o tratamento da amostra de asfalto, com HNO3 ou H2SO4, de maneira a simular os efeitos intensificados da chuva ácida. Também foi avaliada a extração da amostra com solvente orgânico e posterior lixiviação ácida, para identificar a origem (orgânica ou inorgânica) dos REE na amostra do asfalto, concluindo que eles estão presentes apenas na fração inorgânica da amostra. Os limites de detecção variaram entre 0,002 e 0,010 microgramas L elevado a menos 1 para a lixiviação com HNO3 e entre 0,001 e 0,014 microgramas L elevado a menos 1 com H2SO4, por ICP-MS, e entre 0,05 e 2,5 micrograma L elevado a menos 1 com HNO3 e entre 0,06 e 3,1 micrograma L elevado a menos 1 com H2SO4, por ICP OES. As determinações foram feitas com curvas analíticas com padrões aquosos e Rh como padrão interno. Além disso, a interferência espectral do BaO sobre Eu foi reduzida, através da precipitacao do Ba como BaSO4 quando se usou ácido sulfúrico para a lixiviacao da amostra de asfalto, reduzindo cerca de 94 porcento a concentracao de Ba em relação àquela medida no lixiviado com HNO3. As concentrações de REE variaram de 0,47 a 65,6 microgramas g menos 1, sendo que os terras raras leves (LREE) representaram 83 porcento do total de REE no asfalto investigado. O Ce foi o mais abundante dos REE no lixiviado do asfalto, seguido por Nd e La. A ordem das concentrações médias de REE no asfalto foi, em ordem decrescente: Ce maior Nd maior La maior Pr maior Sm maior Eu maior Gd maior Dy maior Er maior Yb maior Ho maior Tm maior Lu. / [en] In this study, analytical methods were developed for the determination of Rare Earth Elements by inductively coupled plasma -mass and -optical emission spectrometries (ICP-MS and ICP OES), in an asphalt sample. The analytical results were evaluated through the analysis of a rock certified reference material (GSP-1) and through the comparison of the results with the two techniques. Two different methods of acid leaching were employed for the asphalt sample treatment, with HNO3 or H2SO4, in order to simulate intensified acid rain effects. Additionally, the extraction of the sample with organic solvent and subsequent acid leaching was also evaluated to identify the origin (organic or inorganic) of REE in asphalt sample, concluding that they are present in the sample inorganic fraction. The obtained limits of detection ranged from 0.002 to 0.010 microgam L to the power of minus 1 for the leaching with HNO3 and from 0.001 to 0.014 microgram L to the power of 1 with H2SO4, by ICP-MS, and from 0.05 to 2.5 microgram L to the power of minus 1 with HNO3 and from 0.06 to 3.1 microgram L to the power of minus 1 with H2SO4, by ICP OES. The determinations were made with analytical curves with aqueous standards and Rh as internal standard. Moreover, the spectral interference by BaO on Eu was reduced, through the precipitation of Ba as BaSO4 when sulfuric acid was used for the asphalt sample leaching, decreasing about 94 percent the Ba concentration in relation to that measured in the leachate with HNO3. The concentrations of REE in the asphalt sample ranged from 0.47 to 65.6 microgran g to the power of minus 1, being the light rare earth elements (LREE) accounted for 83 percent of total REE on the asphalt investigated. Cerium was the most abundant REE in the asphalt leached, followed by Nd and La. The order of average concentrations of REE in the asphalt was, in descending order: Ce > Nd > La > Pr > Sm > Eu > Gd > Dy > Er > Yb > Ho > Tm > Lu.

[pt] A distribuição de elementos de terras raras (REE) é representativa das rochas e solos que originalmente os contêm e é frequentemente usada como parâmetro geoquímico ou ambiental para identificação de fontes. Este trabalho propõe um novo método de preparo de amostras para a determinação de elementos de terras raras (REE) por espectrometria de massa de plasma acoplada indutivamente (ICPMS) em amostras ambientais com altas concentrações de Ba. O método consiste na diluição das amostras, obtidas após decomposição ácida em sistema aberto, com ácido sulfúrico 10 porcento (v/v) para a separação de Ba2positive como BaSO4. A remoção da interferência sobre os isótopos de Eu (151Eu and 153Eu) foi eficiente para concentrações de Ba superiores a 0,1 mg L-1. A exatidão e a precisão foram verificadas pela análise de tres materiais certificados, rocha basáltica (NIST 688), Geological Survey (Granite G-2) e sedimento marinho (MESS-3). A metodologia proposta foi aplicada ao pavimento asfáltico, à brita e ao material de referencia certificado. Adicionalmente, todas as amostras foram decompostas por fusão alcalina e as concentrações de elementos majoritários e Eu foram determinadas por espectrometria de emissão ótica de plasma acoplada indutivamente (ICP OES). Os resultados da Eu estavam de acordo com a metodologia proposta, e os limites de detecção (LOD) para REE variaram de 0,003 mg L-1 (Lu) a 0,010 mg L-1 (Gd). A distribuição de REE foi medida em sedimentos superficiais e amostras de testemunhos coletados na Baía de Sepetiba, entre junho e setembro de 2016. A faixa de concentração de SREE foi entre 25-496 mg kg-1. Esse monitoramento é importante para avaliar o impacto da urbanização e desenvolvimento rápido e não planejado de atividades antropogênicas, comuns em muitas áreas costeiras tropicais do Brasil. / [en] The distribution of rare earth elements (REE) is representative of the rocks and soils that originally contain them and it is often used as a geochemical or an environmental parameter for source identification. This thesis proposes a new method for the determination of rare earth elements (REE), by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), in challenging environmental samples with high Ba concentrations. The method consists in diluting the wet sample digests, obtained after acid decomposition in an open system, with 10 porcento (v/v) sulfuric acid for the separation of Ba2+ as BaSO4. The interference removal on both Eu isotopes (151Eu and 153Eu) was efficient for Ba concentrations higher than 0.1 mg L-1. Accuracy and precision were verified by analysis of two certified materials, NIST 688 Standard Reference Material of basalt rock, Geological Survey G-2 granite and marine sediment reference material (MESS-3) provided by the National Research Council in Canada (NRC) was used to evaluate the accuracy of the REE determination in marine sediments. The proposed methodology was applied to asphalt pavement and crushed stone. Additionally, for comparison, all samples were decomposed by fusion and major elements and Eu concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The Eu results were in agreement with the proposed methodology, and limits of detection (LOD) for REE varied from 0.003 mg L-1 (Lu) to 0.010 mg L-1 (Gd). The distribution of REE was also measured in surface sediments and sediment core collected in Sepetiba Bay, between June and September of 2016. The range of SREE concentrations was established between 25-496 mg kg-1. This monitoring is important to evaluate the impact of the fast and unplanned urbanization and development of anthropogenic activities, common to many tropical coastal areas in Brazil.

The work presented in this thesis has demonstrated that the use of elemental profiles for the quality control of herbal medicines can be applied to multiple stages of processing. A single method was developed for the elemental analysis of a variety of St John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) preparations using Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The optimised method consisted of using 5 ml of nitric acid and microwave digestion reaching temperatures of 185⁰C. Using NIST Polish tea (NIST INCT-TL- 1) the method was found to be accurate and the matrix effect from selected St John’s Wort (SJW) preparations was found to be ≤22%. The optimised method was then used to determine the elemental profiles for a larger number of SJW preparations (raw herbs=22, tablets=20 and capsules=12). Specifically, the method was used to determine the typical concentrations of 25 elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, In, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pt, Sb, Se, Sr, V, Y and Zn) for each form of SJW which ranged from not detected to 200 mg/g. To further interpret the element profiles, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out. This showed that different forms of SJW could be differentiated based on their elemental profile and the SJW ingredient used (i.e. extract or raw herb) identified. The differences in the profiles were likely due to two factors: (1) the addition of bulking agents and (2) solvent extraction. In order to further understand how the elemental profile changes when producing the extract from the raw plant, eight SJW herb samples were extracted with four solvents (100% water, 60% ethanol, 80% ethanol and 100% ethanol) and analysed for their element content. The results showed that the transfer of elements from the raw herb to an extract was solvent and metal dependent. Generally the highest concentrations of an element were extracted with 100% water, which decreased as the concentration of ethanol increased. However, the transfer efficiency for the element Cu was highest with 60% ethanol. The solvents utilised in industry (60% and 80% ethanol) were found to preconcentrate some elements; Cu (+119%), Mg (+93%), Ni (+183%) and Zn (+12%) were found to preconcentrate in 60 %v/v ethanol extracts and Cu (+5%) and Ni (+30%). PCA of the elemental profiles of the four types of extract showed that differentiation was observed between the different solvents and as the ethanol concentration increased, the extracts became more standardised. Analysis of the bioactive compounds rutin, hyperoside, quercetin, hyperforin and adhyperforin followed by subsequent Correlation Analysis (CA) displayed relationships between the elemental profiles and the molecular profiles. For example strong correlations were seen between hyperoside and Cr as well as Quercetin and Fe. This shows potential for tuning elemental extractions for metal-bioactive compounds for increased bioactivity and bioavailability; however further work in needed in this area.

This research aims to understand the organization of activities across a prehispanic urban center at the Formative period site of Tlalancaleca (800 BC- AD 100), located in Puebla, Mexico. This study analyzes soil samples at the central civic-ceremonial complex of Cerro Grande in an attempt to understand the use of space. This work is a part of the larger Proyecto Arqueológico Tlalancaleca, Puebla (PATP), which is focused on understanding the socio-political organization at Tlalancaleca that led to this site of early urbanism. Soil samples from Tlalancaleca are analyzed using three chemical methods to perform a cross-comparison of analytical methods. These three methods are inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), Mehlich 3 soil phosphorus colorimetry, and portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometry. The final results of this soil analysis confirm that the Cerro Grande Complex was an actively used space, with areas maintained for specific uses and areas where activities changed over time. In the comparison of methods, ICP-OES was found to be the most comprehensive, precise, and accurate method to use, while pXRF and Mehlich colorimetry were found to show differing information with regards to available and natural concentrations of the different elements. An analytical examination of phosphorus, strontium, calcium, and barium revealed evidence of construction of monumental buildings, a cache, and possible separate feasting areas, indicating that physical spaces and constructions were likely attached to social and political organizations.

The purpose of this research is to develop a rapid determination method for heavy metals in soil. Using X-ray fluorescence to obtain soil metals decision limit (CC£\) and detection capability (CC£]), to establish the scope of soil metal concentration selection. Then aqua regia digestion digestion and ICP-OES analysis of Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu area to check the accuracy of screening. Operating conditions; First, the soil standard samples for the Establishment and assessment of the applicability of the standard. Finally,using of the soil near the control standard establish methods and explore ways to establish the applicability and potential impact. I hope this research can provide a fast, accurate, and sensitivity of soil heavy metal screening, to achieve savings of cost. The results show that the standard reference soil Cu: screening rate was 79.7%, sensitivity was 43.6% and an specificity of 87.7%; reference standard soil Pb: screening rate was 91.5%, a sensitivity of 8.3% specificity 91.5%;reference standard soil Cr:screening rate was 100%, sensitivity was 0%, 100% specificity; reference standard soil Ni: screening rate was 96.1%, sensitivity was 0%, specificity 92.4%; reference standard soil Zn: screening rate was 82.4%, sensitivity was 69.2%, specificity 87.1%; reaching control values of soil Cu: screening rate was 83.0%, sensitivity was 30.8%, specificity of 84.3%. Screening rate and specificity with 80%, the sensitivity poor areas, water was the major disturbance factor.

Glass has been used to make a variety of artifacts including bottles, drinking cups, vessels, window glasses, beads and bracelets. Although occasional glass bracelets were dated back to 2000 BC, large scale manufacture of glass bracelets was encountered in Central Europe in the last centuries of 1000BC. During the excavations of Mezraa H&ouml / y&uuml / k (Birecik-Sanliurfa) in 2000-20002, a number of glass bracelets were unearthed that belongs to 13th century AD. On going excavations of Mersin Yumuktepe also give quite a lot of 11th-12th centuries Byzantine glass bracelets. In this study a group of those bracelets was started to be examined. After technical drawings, color identification had been carried out by using Munsell color chart. Thin sections of some samples of Mezraa H&ouml / y&uuml / k have been prepared and then observed by an optical microscope in Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA). Observation of thin sections showed the amorphous structure of glass with some impurities and gas bubbles. On some samples deteriorated surface layers were present. XRD traces of those layers showed the typical amorphous background of glass in which no crystalline phase is present. Elemental analysis of the samples has been done using ICP-OES method in METU Central Laboratory. In the analysis major (except SiO2), minor and some trace elements were determined. ICP-OES data showed that glass bracelet samples studied are of soda-lime-silica glass. But percentage of Na2O is less than expected from typical composition of soda-lime-silica glass / being 10.5 wt % as average. This might be due to removal of Na ions from the glass network because of leaching under burial conditions. Concentration of Al2O3 in the samples of Mezraa H&ouml / y&uuml / k is almost same. This may be due to the using one type of quartz sand in bracelet production. Color producing elements seem to be Fe, Mn and Cu.

The present study aims to investigate the composition of historical plasters to get information about their material characteristics and their technology. Plaster samples were obtained from four Ankara Citadel houses built in late Ottoman period. In order to determine the raw material characteristics and mineralogical properties of plasters / chemical analyses, optical observation of cross sections, petrographic analyses of thin sections, elemental analyses by ICP-OES, X-ray powder diffraction analyses for the determination of mineral phases, thermogravimetric analyses and FTIR analyses were carried out. Interpretation of all the analytical examination was used to understand the composition and unique character of plaster samples studied. Observation of thin sections revealed more plaster layers than those observed in cross sections. Up to twelve layers could be observed with different colours, such as blue, red, yellow, green, white and brown. Generally, thicknesses of white plaster layers were found to be thicker than the others. In two samples, two black boundaries between plaster layers were identified which could be an indication of the use of asphalt for isolation purposes, like dampness proofing or heat insulation. Soluble salt contents of the plaster samples were in the range 3.04%-9.22%, with an average being 6.62%. The anions identified were Cl-, SO42-. In few samples, PO43-, NO2- and NO3- were found. Binder was found to be lime and gypsum. The amount of binder in terms of total calcium oxide, CaO, was found to be in the range of 33.5-43.6%, with an average being 37.9%. Amount of aggregate was about 62.1% as average. The main minerals identified in plaster samples were calcite and gypsum. Gypsum might be added to increase the strength of the plaster. Beside calcite and gypsum, quartz and pozzolanic activity related mineral, Opal-A, were found in some of the samples. In red plaster layers hematite mineral was also identified. Other colour effective elements were found to be Fe, Sb, Mn, Cu, Cr and Ni. Presence of organic additives was observed but clear identification was not established.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:36:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCCC.pdf: 1000443 bytes, checksum: ddedf64b615b10f0a375f5b68b3da175 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-04-07 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / With the objective to attain maximum productivity with small costs, organic and inorganic chemical parameters are used to evaluate and monitoring crops and animals development. Inorganic amounts in agronomic samples have great importance in the production evaluation. Some of elements in those samples could be an indicative of quality, owing to their requirement (Se) or toxicity (As, Sb), even when they are present in µg kg-1 levels, needing a technique with high sensibility for quantification. The aim of this work was the development of a simple system of hydride generation by continuous flow combined with an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry for simultaneous determination of As, Sb and Se in agronomic samples. The work attained to a gas-liquid separator development, and an experimental planning to established the chemical and instrumental conditions of hydride generation. The HCl, NaBH4 and KI concentrations, such as the R.F. power, carrier gas flow and the viewing height, were evaluated besides the study of a more appropriate sample preparation. Limits of detection of the proposed system were 0.1 µg L-1 for As, Sb and Se and the limits of quantification were 0.3, 0.2 and 0.2 µg L-1 for As, Sb and Se respectively with RSD smaller than 10% and 30 samples per hour of reading speed. In view to observe the accuracy, four different kinds of samples forage and bovine-derived samples (blood, viscera and semen) were spiking with analytes concentration in the µg L-1 level. Recoveries around 77 to 112% were found. The results present the possibility to use the proposed system in agronomic projects developed with the objective to determine essential and toxic analytes in different kinds of feed and animal samples, contributing to evaluation of nutritional demands and the increase of efficiency in the bovine production systems. / Com o objetivo de atingir a maior produtividade com menores custos, parâmetros químicos, orgânicos e inorgânicos, são usados cada vez mais para avaliar e monitorar o desenvolvimento de uma cultura ou espécie. A determinação de constituintes inorgânicos em amostras agronômicas possui grande importância na avaliação da produção. Alguns elementos presentes nessas amostras são indicativos da qualidade devido à essencialidade (Se) ou toxicidade (As, Sb), porém estão presentes na ordem de µg kg-1, necessitando de uma técnica com alta sensibilidade para quantificação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de um sistema simples de geração de hidretos por fluxo contínuo acoplado a um espectrômetro de emissão óptica com plasma induzido para a determinação simultânea de As, Sb e Se em amostras agronômicas. Esse trabalho envolveu o desenvolvimento de uma câmara de separação gás-líquido e um planejamento experimental para a definição das melhores condições químicas e instrumentais da geração de hidretos. Foram estudadas a concentração de HCl, NaBH4 e KI; a potência de radiofreqüência do plasma, o fluxo do gás carregador e a altura de observação do plasma, além do estudo do preparo de amostra mais adequado. Usando as condições otimizadas, foram obtidos limites de detecção de 0,1 µg L-1 para As, Sb e Se e limites de quantificação de 0,3; 0,2 e 0,2 µg L-1 respectivamente para As, Sb e Se com RSD menores que 10% e velocidade de leitura de 30 amostras por hora. Para observar a exatidão do procedimento proposto quatro amostras diferentes - forrageira e amostras bovinas (sangue, víscera e sêmen) - foram dopadas com os analitos na ordem de µg L-1. Recuperações entre 77 e 112% foram encontradas. Espera-se com essa proposta a complementação dos estudos que determinam analitos essenciais e tóxicos em amostras de tecido, fluídos e na alimentação bovina, contribuindo para a avaliação das exigências nutricionais e o aumento da eficiência dos sistemas de produção de bovinos.

174f. / Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-04-03T14:55:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Cleber.pdf: 3023251 bytes, checksum: 3c19c67227656dc28f623ea371c6e7dd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Hilda Fonseca(anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-04-23T15:23:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Cleber.pdf: 3023251 bytes, checksum: 3c19c67227656dc28f623ea371c6e7dd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-23T15:23:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Cleber.pdf: 3023251 bytes, checksum: 3c19c67227656dc28f623ea371c6e7dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / CAPES / Nesta tese é apresentada a aplicação de técnicas quimiométricas na otimização de métodos usando a espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES) e espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama (F AAS) visando a análise de amostras ambientais. No primeiro trabalho, variáveis como potência de radiofrequência, vazão do gás do plasma, vazão do fluxo de nebulização, vazão do gás auxiliar, vazão da amostra e concentração de ácido nítrico na amostra foram otimizadas através da aplicação de planejamento fatorial completo e Box-Behnken. Parâmetros analíticos como precisão, robustez, sensibilidade e exatidão mostraram-se adequados para determinação de Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, V e Zn em amostras de água subterrânea, água de rio, efluente e solo usando ICP OES. A estratégia de medição e o tempo total de análise também foram otimizados. O novo método foi implantado na rotina do laboratório da CETREL e está proporcionando uma enorme redução no consumo do argônio, em torno de 35 %, gerando uma economia de aproximadamente 320 m3 de argônio anuais, além da redução nos custos associados a outros acessórios do ICP OES. No segundo trabalho, três variáveis de pré-concentração do chumbo (pH, concentração do tampão e vazão da amostra) foram otimizadas empregando planejamento fatorial completo 23. O método é baseado na sorção de Pb(II) em uma minicoluna recheada com uma resina de Amberlite XAD-4 funcionalizada com 4-(5´- bromo-2´-tiazolilazo)orcinol (Br-TAO). O método apresentou limite de quantificação de 1,7 μg L-1, faixa linear de 1,7-200 μg L-1 e fator de enriquecimento de 36, para 25,0 mL de amostra. A exatidão do método foi verificada pela determinação de chumbo em material de referência certificado de água doce NIST 1643d. O método foi aplicado na determinação de chumbo em amostras de água coletadas na cidade de Jequié-BA usando F AAS. Os teores de chumbo variaram de 4,1 a 5,7 μg L-1. As ferramentas quimiométricas utilizadas nos dois trabalhos foram muito eficazes na otimização de variáveis importantes e permitiu um estudo descritivo das variáveis e suas interações. Os dois métodos apresentaram parâmetros analíticos adequados para determinação de metais e metalóides em amostras ambientais / Salvador

128f. / Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-04-01T15:08:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Raildo.pdf: 62587482 bytes, checksum: 8ffed170e1190fc01d8858d45dc24efd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Hilda Fonseca(anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-04-24T15:41:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Raildo.pdf: 62587482 bytes, checksum: 8ffed170e1190fc01d8858d45dc24efd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-24T15:41:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Raildo.pdf: 62587482 bytes, checksum: 8ffed170e1190fc01d8858d45dc24efd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / CAPES / Nesse trabalho foram desenvolvidos métodos analíticos para a determinação de metais e especiação de arsênio em amostras de fertilizantes fosfatados e fosfato de rocha. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de diâmetros e distribuição de partículas nas amostras e verificou-se que o preparo da suspensão promoveu diminuição do diâmetro médio das partículas. Foi desenvolvido um método para a determinação de Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Co, Ni, Fe e Zn empregando amostragem de suspensão e determinação por espectrometria de emissão ótica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES). As condições de preparo da suspensão foram otimizadas utilizando metodologia univariada e as melhores condições foram: 200 mg de amostra, 20 mL de HCl 0,5 mol L-1 e tempo de sonicação de 25 minutos. A precisão do método foi avaliada pelo desvio padrão relativo, RSD (%) e os valores foram sempre inferiores a 9,2 %. No teste de adição e recuperação na amostra SSP1, os valores de recuperação para os analitos foram sempre superiores a 90% e inferiores a 109%. A exatidão do método foi avaliada pela comparação do método de amostragem de suspensão com o método oficial de determinação de metais e metalóides em fertilizantes da Association Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) e aplicando-se análise de variância (ANOVA) fator único, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as concentrações dos analitos determinadas pelos dois métodos. Foi aplicada análise multivariada como proposta metodológica para comparação de métodos analíticos e com base na avaliação da análise de componentes principais (PCA) e da análise de agrupamentos hierárquicos (HCA), verificou-se que a análise multivariada é uma ferramenta que pode ser utilizada com sucesso para comparação de diferentes métodos analíticos. Os resultados da ANOVA fator único correlacionaram muito bem com os resultados obtidos por PCA e HCA. Outro método foi desenvolvido para a determinação de As em fertilizantes fosfatados e fosfato de rocha também empregando amostragem de suspensão e geração de hidretos acoplada à espectrometria de absorção atômica (HG-AAS). As amostras foram submetidas à extração em meio ácido clorídrico 6 mol L-1 e submetidas a banho de ultra-som por 30 minutos. A determinação de As total foi obtida mediante etapa de redução da espécie As (V) a As (III) utilizando KI e ácido ascórbico e a determinação de As (III) pela adição de ácido cítrico/citrato de sódio, que mascara a espécie As (V). Desta forma, a concentração de As(V) é encontrada pela diferença entre as concentrações de As total e As (III) na amostra. Nas condições experimentais estabelecidas, este método permite a determinação de As total com limite de detecção e de quantificação iguais a 0,01 e 0,03 mg kg-1, respectivamente. A precisão expressa RSD(%), foi sempre menor que 8%. A exatidão do método foi avaliada pela determinação de As total na amostra após digestão ácida em bloco de aquecimento e sistema de refluxo a determinação em dois materiais de referência certificado de sedimento marinho, MESS-2 e MESS-3. / Salvador