Implementering av digitala vårdlösningar har en stor betydelse för samhället men anses också vara en stor utmaning för vårdpersonalen. Syftet med studien är att undersöka eventuella användarbarhetsproblem och teknikstress som kan upplevas bland vårdpersonalen i Arvika och Eda kommun då SecureMailbox ersätter deras nuvarande meddelandetjänst faxen. Ytterligare ett syfte är att samla in rekommendationer utifrån vårdpersonalens upplevelse av systemet. Uppsatsens undersökningsfrågor är således Hur lätt upplever användarna att det var att börja använda systemet?, Vilka är användbarhetsproblemen som finns i SecureMailbox? samt När vårdpersonalen använder gränssnittet, när och var uppstår eventuell teknikstress? Uppsatsens teoretiska referensram är baserad på tidigare studier och litteratur vilka behandlar informations- och kommunikationsteknik i samband med e-hälsa, användbarhet i relation till digitala lösningar inom vården och teknikstress kopplat till detta. Det empiriska materialet har framställts genom användbarhetstester. Även andra metoder, såsom enkät, bakgrundsenkät, observation, intervju, tänka högt och pilottest har använts. De empiriska källorna utgjordes av vårdpersonal som berörs av ersättandet av faxen genom SecureMailbox i Arvika och Eda kommun. I studiens slutsats har det framkommit att upplevelsen av systemets användbarhet är överlag positiv men att identifierade problem gör att vårdpersonalen inte klarade att utföra några av de tilldelade uppgifterna. Utöver detta visar studien att teknikstress uppstod när vårdpersonalen saknade tillräckligt med kunskap för att utföra sina uppgifter. / Implementation of digital healthcare solutions is of great importance in society, but is also considered a major challenge for healthcare professionals. The purpose of the study is to investigate usability problems and technology stress that can be experienced by the healthcare professionals in Arvika and Eda municipality as SecureMailbox replaces their current messaging service, the fax. An additional purpose is to collect recommendations based on the experience of the healthcare professionals of the system. The research questions in this bachelor thesis are thus: How easy do users feel that it was to start using the system?, What are the usability problems found in SecureMailbox? as well as When the healthcare staff uses the interface. when and where does the technology stress occur?. The thesis’s theoretical frame of reference is based on previous studies and literature dealing with information and communication technology in connection with e-health, also usefulness in relation to digital solutions in healthcare and technology stress linked to this is presented. The empirical material has been produced through usability tests. Other methods, such as survey, background questionnaire, observation, interview, think aloud and pilot test have been used. The empirical sources consisted of healthcare personnel who are affected by the replacement of the fax through SecureMailbox in Arvika and Eda municipality. The study's conclusion is that the experience of usability is generally positive but that problems identified in this study are the cause for the health care professionals not being able to perform some of the assigned tasks. In addition, the study shows that technostress occurred when the healthcare professionals lacked sufficient knowledge to carry out their tasks.

Denna fallstudie hade som syfte att studera chefers upplevelser av vad som krävs av dem för att kunna utöva sitt ledarskap idag, med hänsyn taget till en högre grad av distansarbete i den “nya vardagen” på Trafikverket, utifrån ett e-ledarskapsperspektiv. Den “nya vardagen” på Trafikverket innebär att i första hand välja digitala möten och minska resande. Syftet operationaliserades genom frågeställningarna: Vilka utmaningar finns i den “nya vardagen” enligt cheferna? samt Hur hanterar cheferna de upplevda utmaningarna i den “nya vardagen”?. Empirin samlades in med kvalitativ intervju. Urvalet var i ett första steg ett bekvämlighetsurval och den andra delen var ett snöbollsurval. Respondenterna var tio chefer som arbetat på Trafikverket i mer än två år. Intervjuerna transkriberades enligt följande koder: utmaningar med ledarskapet på distans, utmaningar med den “nya vardagen” och exempel på hur cheferna hanterar utmaningar. Resultatet och analysen presenteras enligt studiens två frågeställningar. Resultatet visade att det finns flera utmaningar med den “nya vardagen” såsom exempelvis att skapa tillfällen för spontan kommunikation, skapa delaktighet, välja vilka möten som ska vara på distans eller fysiskt, leda hybridmöten, begränsningar med IKT-verktyg samt att få medarbetare tillbaka till kontoret. Dessa utmaningar hanterades genom att cheferna var mer strukturerade, valde mellan mötesformer, skapade tid för spontana samtal samt undvek vissa mötesformer. Denna fallstudie påvisade att Trafikverkets chefer kan vara så kallade e-ledare då deras utsagor är lika de e-kompetenser som finns i teorin för e-ledarskap. / The aim of this case study was to examine how managers experience what is required of them to exercise their leadership considering a higher degree of remote working at the Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket), which the authority calls the “new everyday”, from an e-leadership perspective. The “new everyday” in practice means primarily choosing digital meetings and reducing travel. The purpose of the study was operationalized through the questions: What challenges are there in the “new everyday” according to the managers? and How do the managers handle the perceived challenges in the “new everyday”?. The empirics were collected by qualitative interview. The selection was in a first step a convenience sampling and in the second step a snowball sampling. The respondents were ten managers. The interviews were transcribed according to the following codes: challenges with remote leadership, challenges with the “new everyday” and examples of how managers manage challenges. The results and the analysis were presented according to the study's two questions. The results showed that there are several challenges with the "new everyday" such as, for example, creating opportunities for spontaneous communication, creating participation, choosing which meetings should be remote or at the office, leading hybrid meetings, restrictions with ICT tools and getting employees back to the office. These challenges were managed by the managers being more structured, choosing between meeting forms, creating time for spontaneous conversations, and avoiding certain forms of meeting. This case study showed that e-leadership can be applied to managers' statements and that communication is an important part of leadership in both a physical and digital environment.

Digitalization is a hot topic in the construction industry today, with more and more ICT-tools being used. Web-based project platforms, digital meetings and BIM have all existed for quite a while, however the progress in using them and exploring the potential takes time. ICT-tools are usually aimed to make the information flow and communication more efficient, which directly relates to the project manager in a construction project. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to understand how digital tools has affected the role of the client’s construction project manager over the last 5 years. The purpose is to gain knowledge on what consequences the use of digital tools such as BIM, digital project platforms and digital meetings has had on the role of the project manager and how they deal with the consequences. In this thesis, a qualitative study has been performed, where construction project managers were interviewed about their experiences of ICT-tools and the changes that has occurred over time. The findings were analyzed with a theoretical framework and discussed together with previous research and knowledge. The theoretical framework includes key aspects of leadership in project management and four main categories explaining how actors use ICT. The use of BIM was in particular analyzed using the Bew-Richards BIM maturity model. The study shows that there has been an increase in use of ICT-tools in construction projects over the last 5 years, and that there are both benefits and challenges for the project manager with all three types of digital tools that were in this study. BIM, digital project platforms and digital meetings. The primary benefits were shown to be that the tools increase timeefficiency in the project manager role and it facilitates communication. However, there is less personal contact with project team members and other challenges with getting project participants to the same use of the tools. To increase the significance of the benefits and decrease the negative consequences, the construction project manager should implement a leadership style focused on the human side, with more follow-ups, structure and routines. Technical knowledge about the ICT-tools is also beneficial to the project manager to have since it increases the possibility to guide the project team members in a good way. / Digitalisering är ett hett ämne i byggbranschen, med mer och mer ICT-verktyg som används. Webb-baserade projektplattformar, digitala möten och BIM har alla existerat ett tag nu, men utvecklingen av användandet och utforskningen av deras potential tar tid. ICT-verktyg är ofta avsedda för att effektivisera informationsflödet och kommunikationen, vilket relaterar till projektledaren i ett byggprojekt. Därför är ändamålet med det här examensarbetet att förstå hur digitala verktyg har påverkat byggprojektledarollen på beställarens sida, under de senaste 5 åren. Syftet är att få kunskap om vad för konsekvenser användningen av digitala verktyg så som BIM, digitala projektplattformar och digitala möten har medfört för en projektledare och hur de hanterar konsekvenserna. I det här examensarbetet har en kvalitativ studie gjorts där byggprojektledare intervjuades om deras erfarenheter av ICT-verktyg och de förändringar som har skett över tid. Resultaten analyserades med hjälp av ett teoretiskt ramverk och diskuterades tillsammans med tidigare forskning och kunskap. Det teoretiska ramverket inkluderar vissa nyckelaspekter av ledarskap inom projektledning och 4 huvudsakliga kategorier som beskriver hur aktörer använder ICT. Användningen av BIM var särskilt analyserad genom Bew-Richards model för BIM mognadsgrad. Studien visar att det har varit en ökning av användandet av ICT-verktyg i byggprojekt de senaste 5 åren, och att det är både fördelar och utmaningar för projektledaren med de tre typerna av digitala verktyg som var med i denna studie. BIM, digitala projektplattformar och digitala möten. De främsta fördelarna visade sig vara att verktygen ökar tidseffektiviteten i projektledarrollen och underlättar kommunikationen. Det blir dock mindre personlig kontakt med projektdeltagare och andra utmaningar med att få med projektdeltagare på samma användande av verktygen. För att öka betydelsen av fördelarna och minska de negativa konsekvenserna, borde projektledaren implementera en ledarskapsstil som är mer fokuserad på den mänskliga sidan, med mer uppföljningar, struktur och rutiner. Teknisk kunskap om ICT-verktygen är också fördelaktiga för projektledarna att ha eftersom det ökar möjligheten att vägleda medlemmarna i projektet in på rätt väg.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Agricultural Management)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Information Communication Technology tools in facilitating development within Community-Based Farming Projects (CBFPs) served by Mankweng Service Centre (MSC). The objectives of the study were to identify various ICT tools through which farmers get agricultural information, to determine the types of ICT-based agricultural information preferred by farmers in Mankweng, to examine the factors influencing use of ICTs by farmers in Mankweng and also to identify the challenges encountered by Mankweng farmers in their use of ICT. The study was cross-sectional in design and included 102 farmers from the Community-Based Farming Projects in Mankweng Service Centre as participants. Participants were selected using multi-stage sampling of combined cluster and systematic random sampling. Quantitative data was collected from participants using a structured questionnaire under the supervision of the researcher. Descriptive and inferential methods of analysis were employed. Data was summarised using frequency distribution of variables followed by measures of central tendency, measures of variance, and relationship of variables. Summary of findings was presented in the form of tables, figures and frequencies. Univariate regression model was used to analyse factors influencing use of ICT amongst farmers. The findings of the study show that majority (64%) of the farmers were women and (36%) of the farmers were men. Majority of the farmers (56%) were less than 50 years of age with 79% of the farmers having no tertiary education. The results of this study also revealed that the demographics of the participants were not the critical determinant factors in ICT usage (p>0.2) amongst farmers. The level of education farmers acquired was rather a very important predictor of the utilization of the ICT tools available to the farmers. The study revealed cell phones to be the most commonly used ICT device followed by Radio and TV. The study revealed that the affordability of ICT devices is the main challenge which ultimately limits access. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the Limpopo Department of Agriculture (LDoA) should make a provision of informal education sessions for farmers on the use of ICT devices, and ICT infrastructure and smart phones. In addition, the study recommends advocacy for more agricultural programmes through affordable platforms like TV and community radio stations media. Keywords: ICT tools, Education, CBFPs, MSC, LDA, Farmers

Within science education, and chemistry in particular, laboratory work is fundamental. The traditions of including laboratory work in chemistry education is a way to make the concepts of chemistry apprehensible, the aims and goals of laboratory work related to chemistry education are therefore well defined. With digital technology, Information Communication Technology, (ICT tools), the traditional hands-on laboratory experience can be transformed to a nontraditional, digital laboratory experience. The use of digital laboratory work in education is well debated, yet both positive and negative aspects can be identified. As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, teachers around the globe faced new challenges as much of the teaching abruptly had to be converted to online teaching. Due to the nature of the chemistry subject, one major challenge chemistry teachers faced was how to coordinate practical laboratory work with the new regulations. The unexpected transition from classroom education to online education can thus be identified as in a way teaching habits were challenged. The purpose of this study is to investigate the adaptations chemistry teachers had to make to the laboratory education as the hands-on laboratory experience rapidly had to be translated to a digital laboratory experience. Data was collected by conducting interviews with 10 chemistry teachers in upper secondary education and a thematic analysis was used to identify how, and in what way, teachers used ICT tools to coordinate their current teaching with the new restrictions. Data was analyzed by applying a transactional approach inspired by John Dewey’s transactional perspective of habits as well as a didaktik perspective to study the complexity in actions and how decisions concerning the laboratory work were made. The findings suggest that ICT tools could be used in a variety of ways but were not necessarily easily translated between practices, thus choices regarding the aims, goals and methods used in the online classroom differed from the decisions teachers usually made. Many teachers were able to use ICT tools in a sufficiently productive way to keep the laboratory work functional, however this was not a smooth transition for everyone and the need to adapt the activity to make it useful was in many ways decisive. Their responses to the changes varied and the differences in basic skills in how to use ICT tools were prominent. Regarding the didactic relations, teachers also noticed a change in behavior and the students’ attitudes towards the laboratory work. The changes caused teachers to reevaluate their approach to a digital laboratory experience in order to make the teaching functional, hence both the habits of planning and teaching had to be reconsidered.

This thesis deals with the possibilities of using ICT in English language teaching at primary school. The theoretical part deals with the definition of the concept of ICT, ways of implementing ICT in teaching, further describes the possible advantages and disadvantages of using ICT in teaching at primary school and mentions the didactic functions of ICT and general education and language objectives supported by technologies. The practical part of this thesis presents ten specific activities using ICT in English language lessons at primary school. These activities are always properly described in terms of educational objectives, ways of their realization and in the end are reflected. Each activity was tested in practice in advance. The research carried out in this thesis deals with the use of ICT among teachers at an elementary school in Pilsen and reflects their opinion on technologies and their future in English language teaching at primary school.

Introduktion: Den psykiska ohälsan bland unga vuxna har ökat under de senaste tio åren och är en av Sveriges största folkhälsoutmaningar. Globalt sett är 322 miljoner människor drabbade av depression och 264 miljoner är drabbade av ångestsjukdom. Ett delmål bland de globala hållbarhetsmålen är att den mentala hälsan skall beaktas och främjas med preventiva insatser. Ytterligare ett steg för att uppnå en god och jämlik hälsa är den av Sverige antagna Vision e-hälsa 2025 som innebär att Sverige skall bli världsledande i att tillvarata möjligheterna med digitalisering. Informations- och kommunikationsteknologin [IKT] och sociala medier ökar möjligheten till interaktion, oberoende av tid och rum. Syfte: Att beskriva hälsofrämjande effekter som sociala medier och IKT-verktyg kan ha för att minska den psykiska ohälsan bland unga vuxna. Metod: En strukturerad litteraturstudie baserad på 20 vetenskapliga originalartiklar som inhämtats från databaserna Pubmed och Cinahl. Artiklarna har analyserats med en tematisk analys. Resultat: Sex teman med främjande effekt på den psykiska hälsan urskildes och grupperades i tre kategorier. Kategorierna var kunskapsutveckling, psykologiska aspekter och användbara verktyg. Teman var personlig utveckling och förändring, ökad kunskap och förmåga, trygghet och anonymitet, motivation och engagemang, social tillhörighet och socialt stöd samt lättillgänglighet och användarvänlighet. Slutsats: Resultatet visar att det finns hälsofrämjande effekter inom det digitala området. Teknikanvändningen kan bidra till implementering av digitala hälsofrämjande insatser i syfte att minska den mentala ohälsan hos unga vuxna. Dock  finns lite forskning inom området och fler studier behövs för att få full effekt av digitaliseringens möjligheter. / Introduction: The mental ill-health of young adults has increased over the past ten years and is one of Sweden's largest public health challenges. Globally, 322 million people are suffering from depression and 264 million are suffering from anxiety disorder. One of the global sustainability goals is that mental health must be considered and promoted with preventive measures. Another step to achieve good and equal health is Vision e-health 2025, in which Sweden is aiming to become a world leader in utilizing the opportunities of digitalisation. Information and communication technology [ICT] and social media increase the possibility of interaction, regardless of time and space. Aim: To describe health-promoting effects that social media and ICT tools can have to alliviate the mental ill-health of young adults. Method: A structured literature study based on 20 scientific original articles obtained from the PubMed and CINAHL databases. The articles have been analyzed with a thematic analysis. Results: Six themes with a promoting effect on mental health were identified and grouped into three categories. The categories were knowledge development, psychological aspects, and useful tools. The themes were personal development and change, increased knowledge and ability, security and anonymity, motivation and engagement, social belonging, and social support, as well as easy accessibility and user-friendliness. Conclusion: The result shows that health-promoting effects are evident in the digital field. The use of technology can contribute to the implementation of digital health promotion efforts aimed at alleviating the mental ill-health of young adults. However, research in the field is limited and more studies are needed to achieve the full effect of the opportunities of digitisation.

The overarching aim of this thesis is to explore how teaching and learning in tertiary education is performed in times of change both in language policy and learning approaches. The study takes social constructivist and socio-cultural theories as its major points of departure. These theories are combined with cognitive theory of learning with multimedia. The four studies comprising this thesis are born out of a new situation demanding the mastery of a scientific language in English and new ways of teaching and learning backed with ICT. The studies set out to investigate (i) how students and teachers adapt to a change of medium of instruction (ii) what teachers and students of physics learn when constructing a multimedia vocabulary learning instrument (iii) the impact of two methods of teaching vocabulary on students’ test performance and (iv) how teachers reflect on the use of ICT in Physics teaching. To attain these targets, the study employed a blend of qualitative and quantitative designs to gather relevant data. In three studies, data were gathered from classroom practices in tertiary education. The fourth study included teacher interviews on their experiences with ICT. Findings indicate that the understanding of physics was facilitated by a variation in language use in different classroom spaces, students and teachers’ collaborative selection of technical vocabulary and a multimedia tool of technical vocabulary software constructed by two teachers and the researcher. According to the teachers, the quality of physics teaching would be enhanced further by adopting learner-centred teaching methods and the integration of more advanced ICT. The studies show that teachers and students are on their way to develop ICT tools for teaching and learning. Given adequate support, this can pave the way for transforming teaching and allowing for further quality development in innovative and creative ways of learning with ICT. / Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling är att undersöka hur undervisning och lärande inom högre utbildning sker i tider av förändring både inom språkpolicy och inom lärande. Studien tar socialkonstruktivistiska och socio-kulturella teorier som utgångspunkt. Dessa teorier har kombinerats med en kognitiv teori om lärande med multimedia. Studien består av fyra studier som behandlar den nya situation som uppstått när studenter och lärare behöver bemästra ett vetenskapligt språk på engelska och nya sätt att undervisa och lära med stöd av IKT. Studiernas syfte är att undersöka (i) hur studenter och lärare anpassar sig till ett förändrat undervisningsspråk (ii) vad lärare och studenter inom fysik lär när de konstruerar ett multimedia instrument (iii) utfallet av två olika metoder att lära studenter ett fackspråk inom fysik som det visar sig i olika test (iv) hur lärare reflekterar över användningen av IKT inom ämnesområdet fysik. För att uppnå dessa mål används en kombination av kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder. I tre studier samlades data från klassrumspraktiker inom högre utbildning. I den fjärde studien intervjuades lärare om sina erfarenheter med IKT. Resultaten visar att förståelse av fackspråkliga begrepp underlättades av att olika språk användes beroende på avstånd eller närhet till eleverna i klassrummet. Samarbete mellan studenter och lärare i att välja ord och begrepp som skulle användas och mellan lärarna och forskaren i att konstruera ett multimedia-instrument påverkade också lärandet positivt. Enligt de intervjuade lärarna skulle kvaliteten i fysikundervisningen kunna förbättras ytterligare genom att använda elevcentrerade undervisningsmetoder och mer avancerad IKT. Studierna visar att lärare och studenter är på väg att utveckla IKT redskap för undervisning och lärande. Med adekvat stöd kan detta bereda vägen för en transformering av undervisningen och ge utrymme för vidare kvalitetsutveckling genom uppfinningsrika och kreativa sätt att lära med stöd av IKT.