Climate change involves long-term change in the state of the climate. It is expected to have negative effects which include the increased frequency and intensity of climate extremes such as droughts, floods and storms. In addition, agricultural seasons and productivity are generally expected to be affected. This is likely to compound the problems that rural people in Africa face, especially the smallholder farmers. Thus, adaptation is of paramount importance. However, many factors limit the ability of farmers to adapt to climate change. This includes lack of information and knowledge about climate change. In rural areas an important source of information is agricultural extension; however, in some cases it is not effective and efficient. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been noted to play an important role in the dissemination of agricultural information, and recently, their potential in contributing to climate change awareness and adaptation has received increased attention. Therefore, the study aims to explore how ICTs contribute to climate change awareness and adaptation amongst communal farmers. The study was conducted in Seke and Murewa Rural Districts (herein Seke and Murewa) situated in Mashonaland East Province of Zimbabwe. The target population were communal farmers who are mainly dependent on agriculture (field crops, horticulture, fruit production, and livestock rearing). The two districts have climate associated with natural agro-ecological region II, with an average rainfall of 500-700 mm. The study used the mixed methods approach, which combined the quantitative method based on a survey of 300 farming households and the qualitative method based on key informant interviews. A multi-stage sampling approach was used for the survey. The data was collected in 2011. The Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) package was used for data entry and descriptive statistics, while Stata data analytical package was used for regression analysis. The first objective was to determine the level of access to ICTs by communal farmers in the two districts. Most of the respondents in both districts knew and owned the following ICTs namely, the radio, the mobile phone, and the television (TV). The main power sources for the ICTs were solar power, national grid electricity, and rechargeable batteries. Most of the respondents in both districts read newspapers, and church magazines. For almost all the print media in both districts, the main source of the media was through friends and relatives, buying and to some extent libraries and public places. The majority of respondents understood the language used in various ICTs, though some had difficulties in understanding the English language. The second objective was to assess how access to ICTs influenced climate change awareness amongst communal farmers in the two districts. The majority of respondents in both districts were generally found to be aware of climate change. Nevertheless, some of those who perceived themselves as being aware were actually not aware or had low awareness as revealed by the climate change awareness index. The respondents had limited understanding of the issues relating to causes and intervention measures to address climate change. From the regression analysis, the following factors were found to have a significant positive influence on climate change awareness: access to mobile phone, access to radio, access to newspapers, access to agricultural extension, participation in developmental and farmer organisations, having talked about climate change, education level, and age of the respondent. One variable namely position of authority had a significant negative relationship. The third objective of the study was to investigate the contribution of ICTs in climate change adaptation amongst the communal farmers. This objective was fulfilled by mainly concentrating on assessing how farmers accessed forecasting and early warning information. Up to two-thirds of the respondents indicated that they did not have access to timely early warning information on droughts and violent storms. In addition, around half of the respondents indicated that they were not getting information on the likely rainfall amount and distribution in the coming season. Respondents ranked deciding the planting dates and the choice of crop varieties as the most important farm decision-making activities that were influenced by forecasting information. Some of the channels through which farmers accessed early warning and weather information were radio, extension, direct enquiry, TV, other farmers, newspapers, mobile phone, and farming magazines. This study showed that both old and new ICTs are important in information dissemination and capacity building for climate change adaptation and awareness. In order for rural people to benefit from various applications and capabilities of ICTs, in particular, mobile phone applications, there is need to improve telecommunications and broadcasting infrastructure. Agricultural extension workers who are an important source of information in rural areas, had less knowledge on climate change issues hence the need to incorporate such issues into their training. Initiatives to promote climate change awareness and adaptation should provide platforms for diverse stakeholders to share and exchange information and knowledge on climate change. There is need to improve the reliability of weather forecasting information as well as training farmers on how to interpret the information. Most importantly, complimentary agricultural information, inputs, and technologies should be available and accessible to the farmers. / Environmental Sciences / D. Litt. et Phil (Environmental Management)

Rural communities have been disconnected from the global world in the past due to lack of infrastructure that rendered connectivity a challenge for them. Recent developments in information and communication technology (ICT) have led to improved connectivity in these areas. As a result, mobile phones have become ubiquitous in these rural communities. A matrix was proposed in this study in order to evaluate and assess the impact of mobile devices on development of the rural communities. Existing measurement tools have not yet explored how the usages of mobile phones and other ICTs are impacting the lives of people in rural communities of South Africa. The aim of this study was to understand the existing criteria used to measure the impact of ICTs in rural communities. This was be achieved by focusing on the use of mobile phones in the community of Phake Rebone, taking into account different users. Once this was established, the study had a primary objective to design a matrix that would assist in evaluating and assessing the impact of a mobile phone in social activities such as learning, business and governance. This was achieved by using a case study method, employing qualitative and quantitative research methods. Cases within a case study were used to uncover how the core groups within the community used the mobile phone. A mixed method approach was used in data gathering and analysis to enable the researcher to identify usages and challenges related to the mobile phones. Data was collected from 401 participants and was analysed through the computer-aided tools such GoogleDocs and Microsoft Excel. The findings of the study showed a greater usage of the mobile phone. The literature findings of the use of the mobile phone for basic communication as well as growing adoption of applications such as social media and Internet were confirmed. The use in community related activities and work purposes that impacted the community members were minimal. The need of training to gain knowledge on how to use the device more effectively was established. The proposed matrix therefore seemed v relevant not only to measure impact but also to highlight the areas in which the community members can be trained on. The noted usage trends and needs by the community were then used to formulate indicators that could be used for the matrix. The indicators were then used to develop a matrix that could be used by community members and other interested parties to measure the impact of mobile phone on development of the users. The results of the matrix were also proved to be efficient in assisting individual users in recording the skills acquired through the use of the mobile phone. The matrix can be used in consultation with the guidelines that were formulated to ensure that each user, particularly from rural communities, benefits from such an evaluation tool / Development Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Development Studies)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:29:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Celia Regina da Silva.pdf: 2198183 bytes, checksum: ed07c97b7e251fa4a4a674bbcdf38c8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-14 / This study attempts to immerse into the experiences of women who take part in the hip-hop cultural movement. In particular, it has intended to discuss the organization of interactive arrangements and relations of belonging, presence and empowerment. Another goal in the research was to understand the interactive experience of women in social networks and their implications in contemporary youth cultural practices exercised periphery of the city, which serves as reference in the struggle against gender inequalities and racism. Finally, it has been investigated the connections between social interactions, culture and political action in the public sphere. The experience of identity, gender and participation in the online universe was constructed from readings on identity politics, feminist theory, and the social interactions afforded by ICTs. It was made contacts with different types of women through interviews, questionnaires, participation in events, visits to sites, and participation in the online social network. Among the results of the research can be highlighted the strengthening of actions and icons in the dissemination of hip-hop culture and the proposition about the political and social activism. / Estudo sobre as experiências vividas por mulheres negras que participam do movimento cultural hip-hop. Em particular, buscou-se discutir sobre a organização dos arranjos interativos e as relações de pertencimento, presença e empoderamento, tendo como elo a produção musical e as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs).Desvendar as implicações que as TICs têm com as práticas culturais juvenis contemporâneas de periferia, que funcionam como referência no combate às desigualdades de gênero e do racismo. Investigar as conexões entre as interações sociais, a cultura e ação política na esfera pública. A experiência de identidade, gênero e participação no universo on-line foi construída a partir de leituras sobre as políticas identitárias, teorias feministas e das interações sociais proporcionadas pelas TICs. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluem a pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevistas semi-estruturadas, aplicação de formulários, observação a partir da participação em eventos, além de estudo de sites dos grupos estudados e participação nas redes sociais. Entre os resultados, destaca-se que há o fortalecimento das ações e de ícones na disseminação da cultura hip-hop e que a proposição sobre o ativismo político e social das jovens envolvidas no hip-hop.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:29:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Celia Regina da Silva.pdf: 2195111 bytes, checksum: 99b213bf346f7715454c7d5da3cf9edf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-14 / This study attempts to immerse into the experiences of women who take part in the hip-hop cultural movement. In particular, it has intended to discuss the organization of interactive arrangements and relations of belonging, presence and empowerment. Another goal in the research was to understand the interactive experience of women in social networks and their implications in contemporary youth cultural practices exercised periphery of the city, which serves as reference in the struggle against gender inequalities and racism. Finally, it has been investigated the connections between social interactions, culture and political action in the public sphere. The experience of identity, gender and participation in the online universe was constructed from readings on identity politics, feminist theory, and the social interactions afforded by ICTs. It was made contacts with different types of women through interviews, questionnaires, participation in events, visits to sites, and participation in the online social network. Among the results of the research can be highlighted the strengthening of actions and icons in the dissemination of hip-hop culture and the proposition about the political and social activism. / Estudo sobre as experiências vividas por mulheres negras que participam do movimento cultural hip-hop. Em particular, buscou-se discutir sobre a organização dos arranjos interativos e as relações de pertencimento, presença e empoderamento, tendo como elo a produção musical e as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs).Desvendar as implicações que as TICs têm com as práticas culturais juvenis contemporâneas de periferia, que funcionam como referência no combate às desigualdades de gênero e do racismo. Investigar as conexões entre as interações sociais, a cultura e ação política na esfera pública. A experiência de identidade, gênero e participação no universo on-line foi construída a partir de leituras sobre as políticas identitárias, teorias feministas e das interações sociais proporcionadas pelas TICs. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluem a pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevistas semi-estruturadas, aplicação de formulários, observação a partir da participação em eventos, além de estudo de sites dos grupos estudados e participação nas redes sociais. Entre os resultados, destaca-se que há o fortalecimento das ações e de ícones na disseminação da cultura hip-hop e que a proposição sobre o ativismo político e social das jovens envolvidas no hip-hop.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:55:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_r_me_mar.pdf: 689285 bytes, checksum: d38aa83282f6a5f21ac969d3baab7454 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / No mundo globalizado as informações têm papel extremamente importante, visto que a internacionalização da economia exige excelência em relação aos sistemas de informação e documentação, por isso mesmo as informações se tornaram um recurso de gestão extremamente importante, mas nem sempre são valorizadas corretamente por parte das organizações. Nos ambientes organizacionais é absolutamente necessária a utilização de recursos tecnológicos para mediar o acesso e uso da informação pelo usuário, bem como para apoiar as distintas atividades organizacionais, desde as atividades cotidianas, o processo decisório, até o planejamento de ações estratégicas. O foco do problema de pesquisa refere-se aos fluxos informacionais em âmbito organizacional, mais especificamente os fluxos informacionais vinculados ao processo de inteligência competitiva organizacional (ICO). O objetivo deste estudo visava a analisar a contribuição das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs), através dos sistemas integrados de gestão, mais especificamente o Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), aplicado ao processo de inteligência competitiva organizacional nas indústrias associadas ao Sindicato Calçadista da cidade de Jaú/SP. Estudou-se os conceitos, definições, métodos e técnicas relacionados ao processo de ICO e às TICs, mais especificamente o ERP, por meio da análise da literatura nacional e internacional, assim como identificou-se e analisou-se no universo pesquisado as indústrias que possuem e aplicam o sistema ERP ou outro sistema semelhante, visando a analisar a relação do uso desse tipo de sistema para a competitividade organizacional. Da mesma forma, verificou-se a ocorrência do uso de métodos e técnicas aplicados ao processo de inteligência competitiva organizacional, desde que baseados em sistemas ERP. A pesquisa é descritiva exploratória... / In the world globalized the information have seen, extremely important role that to economy and requires excellence regarding the information and documentation systems, by that even the information became a resource of extremely important management, but do not always be valued correctly on the part of organizations. In organizational environments is absolutely necessary the utilization of technological resources for mediate the access and use of information by the user, as well like for support the distinct organizational activities, since the routine activities, the decision making process, until the planning of strategic actions. The focus of problem of research refers to the information flows in organizational scope, more specifically the information flows linked to the organizational competitive intelligence process (OCI). The objective of this study aims analyze the contribution of information and communication technologies (ICTs), through the management integrated systems, more specifically the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), applied to the organizational competitive intelligence process in the associated industries to the Footwear Syndicate of Jaú/SP city. Intends to study the concepts, definitions, approaches and techniques related to the OCI process and ICTs, more specifically the ERP, through the analysis the international and national literature, as well as intends identify and analyze in universe researched the industries that possess and apply the system ERP or another similar system, aiming at analyze the relation of the use of that system kind for the organizational competitiveness. Similarly, intends to verify the occurrence of use of approaches and techniques applied to the organizational competitive intelligence process, since based in ERP systems. The research is descriptive exploratory, of qualitative nature, analyzes data and information collected... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

In general, concern for innovation has always been present in the studies of economists. The classical theory was interested more in its effect than its economic causes and Neoclassical gives only secondary to the issue of innovation treatment, expanding the classical concepts. Neoclassical theory saw technology as an exogenous variable, revealing itself unable to explain the change inherent in the process of economic development. Differentiating, these economists, Joseph Schumpeter emphasizes the word "innovation" to feature a number of innovations that can be introduced in the economic system and substantially alter the relations between producers and consumers is a key element for economic development. In his "Theory of Economic Development" (TDE) seeks to distinguish definitions of invention and innovation. For him, innovation is the engine of economic development, that is, through innovation that the business is able to offer new products, better quality products, or reduced costs, allowing you to earn higher profits than other entrepreneurs and thus, the innovative entrepreneur happens to be imitated by other capitalists. And this movement generates a cycle, which is called spectacular economic growth, which is interrupted when the extraordinary profits are diluted among competitors, causing the economy to find a new balance point. The creation of a new technology leads to destruction of the old, this destruction that Schumpeter called "creative destruction." It was from this theory that evolutionary or neo-Schumpeterian current began to see the phenomenon of innovation in the economy for another look, placing it in the center of the investigation. For them, innovation must be seen as the result of a complex and continuous process of experience in the relations between science, technology, research and development in academic institutions, industry and government, only through the interaction of these three actors known as "triple helix" you can create a sustainable and durable innovation system in the era of the knowledge economy. However, the main challenge of Brazilian academic institutions in the twenty-first century is to incorporate innovation and entrepreneurship in teaching, research and extension, aimed at both the training of qualified professionals to market, how to play a role in the system Innovation and economic and technological development. To fulfill this new role, academic institutions had help Innovation Act, 2004. Among various measures, management mechanisms have been developed for scientific and technological institutions and their relationship with the companies. Thus, universities and federal institutes defined by law as an Institution of Science and Technology (ICT) became responsible for structuring an internal organ, called the Center for Technological Innovation (NIT), with the function to manage their innovation policies. Thus, the general objective of this research is to understand how the Technological Innovation Centers-NITs of ICTs (UFS, NIT-IFS and Embrapa Coastal Tablelands) disseminate a culture of innovation, intellectual property and technology transfer. To this end, we sought a methodology of qualitative and descriptive. The survey is divided into five parts: introduction; the second chapter that addressed the economic theories; the third chapter that discussed concepts of innovation, innovation process, licensing and transfer in ICT; the fourth chapter analyzed the results obtained from the questionnaire to NITs (CINTTEC / UFS, NIT / IFS end SPAT / Embrapa Coastal Tablelands) and lastly the final considerations. / De um modo geral, a preocupação com a inovação sempre esteve presente nos estudos dos economistas. A teoria clássica interessou-se mais em seus efeitos do que em suas causas econômicas e os neoclássicos dá um tratamento apenas secundário à questão da inovação, ampliando os conceitos clássicos. A teoria neoclássica enxergava a tecnologia como uma variável exógena, revelando-se incapaz de explicar a mudança inerente ao processo de desenvolvimento econômico. Diferenciando, destes economistas, Joseph Schumpeter enfatiza a palavra “inovação” para caracterizar uma série de novidades que podem ser introduzidas no sistema econômico e que alteram substancialmente as relações entre produtores e consumidores, sendo elemento fundamental para o desenvolvimento econômico. Em sua “Teoria do Desenvolvimento Econômico” (TDE) busca distingui definições de invenção e inovação. Para ele, a inovação é o motor do desenvolvimento econômico, ou seja, é por meio da inovação que o empresário consegue oferecer novos produtos, produtos de melhor qualidade, ou a custos reduzidos, que lhe permite auferir lucros mais elevados do que os outros empresários e assim, o empresário inovador passa a ser imitado pelos demais capitalistas. E esse movimento gera um ciclo, o qual é chamado de crescimento econômico espetacular, que se interrompe quando os lucros extraordinários forem diluídos entre os concorrentes, fazendo com que a economia encontre um novo ponto de equilíbrio. A criação de uma nova tecnologia leva a destruição da velha, a esta destruição, que Schumpeter chamou de “destruição criadora”. Foi a partir deste teórico que a corrente evolucionária ou neo-schumpeteriana começou a enxergar o fenômeno da inovação na economia por um outro olhar, colocando-a no centro da investigação. Para eles, inovação deve ser vista como resultante de um processo complexo e contínuo de experiências nas relações entre ciência, tecnologia, pesquisa e desenvolvimento nas instituições acadêmicas, indústrias e governo, somente através da interação desses três atores, conhecido como “tríplice hélice”, é possível criar um sistema de inovação sustentável e durável na era da economia do conhecimento. No entanto, o principal desafio das instituições acadêmicas brasileiras no século XXI é o de incorporar a inovação e empreendedorismo nas atividades de ensino, de pesquisa e de extensão, objetivando tanto a formação de profissionais qualificados para o mercado, quanto em desempenhar um papel no Sistema de Inovação e no desenvolvimento econômico e tecnológico. Para cumprir este novo papel, as instituições acadêmicas tiveram ajuda da lei de Inovação, 2004. Dentre várias medidas, foram desenvolvidos mecanismos de gestão para as instituições científicas e tecnológicas e sua relação com as empresas. Desse modo, as universidades e institutos federais definidos em lei como Instituição de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICT) se tornaram responsáveis por estruturar um órgão interno, chamado Núcleo de Inovação Tecnológica (NIT), com a função de gerir suas políticas de inovação. Logo, o objetivo geral dessa pesquisa é entender como os Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológica-NITs das ICTs (UFS, NIT-IFS e Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros) disseminam a cultura da inovação, da propriedade intelectual e da transferência de tecnologia. Para esse fim, buscou-se uma metodologia de natureza qualitativa e de caráter descritivo. A pesquisa está dividida em cinco partes: a introdução; o segundo capítulo que abordou das teorias econômicas; o terceiro capítulo que discutiu conceitos da inovação, processo de inovação, licenciamento e de transferência nas ICTs; o quarto capítulo que analisou os resultados obtidos da aplicação do questionário aos NITs (CINTTEC/UFS, NIT/IFS E SPAT/Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros) e o por último as considerações finais.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:00:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Saide Issufo.pdf: 1928992 bytes, checksum: c16961043bead9049525125380cfba62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-25 / This dissertation aims to present a research undertook within the Master of Education in Science and Mathematics at the Federal University of Goiás. The research was based on the fact that currently social and cultural changes are witnessed as a result of the possibilities arising from Information and Communication Technology (ICT), particularly within the education system. Given the presence of this language among the students, if the teachers do not incorporate it into their practices they may be denying the dialogue with those who are the reasons for the existence of all educational systems. Therefore, authors such as Moran (1993), Moran, Masetto and Behrens (2000), Kenski (2003, 1996) and Toschi (2005), amongst others, reflect about changes experienced from both students and educators during the teaching and learning processes as a result of impacts of those means. Because the TICS establish strong relationship with the Mathematics, Mathematics teachers should build coherent practices involving the use of ICTs. Inspired by a qualitative approach, the survey was built on case study methodology, using a questionnaire and interview. The study subjects were Mathematics teachers, trainers of Mathematics teachers from Universidade Pedagogica-Mozambique, delegation of Nampula, and the aim was to assess how those actors use the ICTs during their classes. The survey found a lack of clarity of trainers in their conception of ICT, lack of use of software and / or programs that could assist in their professional activities, as well as the inability to exploit the potential that ICTs offer to them. However, participants of the survey believe that the use of technology in training courses can bring about changes in their training and teaching practices of future teachers. Moreover, they show interest in learning how to use ICT. / A presente dissertação tem por objetivo apresentar a pesquisa desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado em Educação em Ciências e Matemática da Universidade Federal de Goiás, tendo como base o fato de que na contemporaneidade, tem-se presenciado transformações sociais e culturais decorrentes das possibilidades que surgem em função das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação -TICs-, em particular no sistema educativo. Presentes nas linguagens dos alunos, se o professor não incorporá-las em sua prática, estará negando o diálogo com aqueles que são a razão da existência de todos os sistemas educacionais, e nesse sentido, autores como Moran (1993), Moran, Masetto e Behrens (2000), Kenski (2003, 1996) e Toschi (2005), entre outros, refletem sobre as transformações nos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem que esses meios têm propiciado aos educandos e aos educadores. Nesse contexto, como as TICS estabelecem fortes ligações com a Matemática, os professores de Matemática deverão construir práticas coerentes que envolvam o uso das TICs. Inspirado numa abordagem qualitativa, o estudo de caso foi a metodologia escolhida para a realização da pesquisa, com o emprego de um questionário e de entrevista. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram os professores de Matemática, formadores de professores de Matemática, da Universidade Pedagógica de Moçambique, delegação de Nampula, e o objetivo foi investigar o uso por estes das TICs nas suas atividades docentes. A pesquisa constatou falta de clareza dos professores formadores nas suas concepções sobre as TICs, o não uso de softwares e/ou programas que poderiam auxiliar nas suas atividades profissionais, bem como a incapacidade de explorar as potencialidades que estas TICs oferecem. No entanto, acreditam que o uso das tecnologias nos cursos de formação pode causar mudanças em sua formação e nas práticas pedagógicas dos futuros professores, e demonstram interesse em aprender a melhor usar as TICs.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-11T14:56:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 emersontomazdacosta.pdf: 8177799 bytes, checksum: 632d980c765ede7360c28b736b9599e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T03:36:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 emersontomazdacosta.pdf: 8177799 bytes, checksum: 632d980c765ede7360c28b736b9599e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T03:36:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 emersontomazdacosta.pdf: 8177799 bytes, checksum: 632d980c765ede7360c28b736b9599e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / Esta pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, tem como objetivo investigar, identificar e analisar o uso de Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) no ensino do Teorema Fundamental da Álgebra (TFA) no Ensino Médio (EM). Especificamente, o objetivo é organizar e delinear atividades investigativas em que se utilizem as TICs no estudo dos Polinômios, no que concerne à apreciação de pontos, círculos e curvas de R2 em R2 . As atividades foram desenvolvidas com alunos do 3º ano do Ensino Médio, de uma escola militar, identificando as contribuições que ocorreram no processo de ensino e aprendizagem do TFA com o uso do Software TFA. A fundamentação da Metodologia de Pesquisa quanto ao uso das TICs na Educação Matemática pautou-se nas ideias de Miskulin (1999), Borba e Penteado (2010) e outros. O resultado da pesquisa revela uma expressiva necessidade de atividades inovadoras com o uso pelas TICs no estudo dos Polinômios, em que aluno e professor possam interagir de forma que, a aprendizagem do objeto matemático e a prática pedagógica, se torne evidente nesse processo. Dessa forma, como Produto Educacional, resultado da presente Dissertação, são apresentadas atividades investigativas que podem ser desenvolvidas no Ensino Médio, no estudo dos Polinômios. / This search with qualitative character has as an aims to investigate, identify and analyze the use of information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in teaching the Fundamental Theorem of algebra (TFA) in high school (in). Specifically, the goal is to organize and outline investigative activities in wich ICTs are used in the study of polynomials, concerning the assessment of points, circles and curve of R2 at R2. The activities were developed with students of the third of high year school, a military school, by identifying the contributions that have occurred in the process of teaching an learning software rising the TFA. The basis of the research methodology for the use of ICT in mathematics education was based on the ideas of Miskulin (1999), Borba, Penteado (2010) and others. The result of the research reveals a significant need for innovative activities using ICT in the study of polynomials, where students and teachers can interact so that, learning the objective mathematical and pedagogical practice, this process becomes evident. Thus, educational product as a result of this dissertation are presented research that can be developed in high school, in the study if polynomials.

This study is mainly designed to investigate the issue of acceptance and use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), and examine factors that influence and predict acceptance and use of ICTs among Staff Members (SMs) of Khartoum State Universities (KSUs) (Sudan). To achieve these objectives the study was structured in seven chapters that represent the chronological development of the study. The review of the literature allows for the development of a study conceptual framework, instruments, and methodology of the study. A mixed methodology, mainly quantitative questionnaire of a deductive nature and qualitative methods, was employed. Of 787 questionnaires randomly distributed 527 (a response rate 67 %,) was received and analysed. The analysis was performed using SPSS, Smart Partial Least Squire (Smart-PLS), and qualitative analysis. Thus, descriptive, explanatory, and content analyses were presented and discussed. The results of the analysis of the situations and variations provide important information on SMs’ skills, experience, purposes and duration of ICT use. The result revealed that, ICTs were widely used by most SMs. However, relatively low numbers of SMs used ICTs in teaching. Perceived usefulness (PU) and SMs’ intrinsic motivation were the main reasons that motivated SMs to use ICTs. Amongst different purposes of using ICTs, SMs use it principally for teaching and academic purposes. Among many suggested constrains, specific infrastructure, organization, and individual level were strongly agreed on as the main problem that hinder SMs’ ICT use. The statistical analysis revealed that the use of ICTs for teaching and the duration of this use vary significantly with variations in SMs’ demographic and personal characteristics. In order to examine factors influencing SMs’ acceptance and use of ICTs, a conceptual framework and relevant instruments of data collections, which was based on technology acceptance model (TAM) supported by other models, were developed. The analysis of Structural equation modelling (SEM) via smart-PLS confirmed the reliability and validity of the measurements and the structural models. The results of the analysis of the structural models indicate that nine out of thirteen claimed hypotheses were proved and supported. The findings proved applicability and the validity of TAM in predicting SMs’ acceptance and use of ICTs in the study context. SMs’ acceptance of ICTs was found to. / Die vorliegende Arbeit beleuchtet die Fragen der Akzeptanz und Nutzung von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT). Sie untersucht am Beispiel des Lehrpersonals von staatlichen sowie privaten Universitäten im Bundesland Khartum (Sudan), welche Faktoren und Einflüsse eine Vorhersage von IKT-Akzeptanz und Nutzung ermöglichen. Die Darstellung gliedert sich in sieben Kapiteln, die die chronologische Entwicklung der Studie repräsentieren. Ein vorausgehendes umfangreiches Literaturstudium ist die Grundlage für den konzeptionellen Rahmen und die Methodik der vorgelegten Arbeit. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit beruhen auf einer Mischung von quantitativen (Fragebogen) und qualitativen (Interviews und eigene Beobachtung) Untersuchungsmethoden. Die Hauptuntersuchungsmethode war ein bereits vorhandener Fragebogen, dessen inhaltliche Gliederung ergänzt, präzisiert und weiter entwickelt wurde für die Anwendungsgebiete im Sudan. Die Grundlage war die Befragung von 787zufällig ausgewählten Lehrkräften aus sieben privaten sowie sieben staatlichen Universitäten. Von den 787 ausgegebenen Fragebögen konnten 527 (67%) ausgewertet werden. Diese Auswertung erfolgte mittels SPSS, Smart PLS. Dazu wurde zusätzlich eine qualitative analyse genutzt. So wurden deskriptive, explorative und enthaltene Analysen vorgestellt und diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse der Situationen und Variationen liefern wichtige Informationen über SMs 'Fähigkeiten, Erfahrung und Dauer der IKT-Nutzung. Dabei konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass eine IKT-Nutzung unter den Befragten Lehrkräften zwar generell weit verbreitet ist, in Lehrkontexten jedoch erkennbar seltener Anwendung findet. Für eine IKT-Nutzung wesentliche Gründe stellen die intrinsische Motivation eine Person sowie soziale, kulturelle und organisatorische Normen dar. Als Hemmnisse eine IKT-Nutzung werden nicht nur organisatorische und administrative Mängel und Schwächen, sondern auch individuelle Einflüsse bennant. Die Nutzung von IKT für die Lehre und die Dauer ihrer Verwendung konnte dargestellt werden als einige erheblich variierte demographische und persönliche Eigenschaften Zur Untersuchung von Einflussfaktoren auf die Lehrpersonal Akzeptanz und die Nutzung von IKT wurden ein konzeptioneller Rahmen und relevante Instrumente der Datensammlungen auf der Basis des Technologieakzeptanz Modells (TAM), unterstützt von anderen Modellen, entwickelt. Die Analyse von Strukturgleichungsmodellen (SEM) via Smart-PLS bestätigen die Zuverlässigkeit und Gültigkeit der Messmodelle. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse der Strukturmodelle zeigen, dass neun von dreizehn Hypothesen geprüft und bestätigt wurden. Im Rahmen der Studie bewiesen die Ergebnisse die Anwendbarkeit und Gültigkeit der TAM in der Vorhersage SMs Akzeptanz und Nutzung von IKT. Es wurde festgestellt, dass die Lehrpersonal Akzeptanz von IKT vor allem von PU und Benutzerfreundlichkeit (PEU) beeinflusst und bestimmt werden. Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Situationsfaktoren (SFs) dominanten Einfluss auf die Nutzung von IKT SMs haben Dagegen wurden Einschränkungen (COs) gefunden, um negative nicht signifikante Wirkungen zu haben. Die Erleichterungs-Faktoren (FF) haben jedoch positive dominant signifikante Wirkungen. Bei der Nutzung und Akzeptanz von IKT wurde außerdem festgestellt, dass sie direkt und indirekt von sozialen Faktoren (SIP) und kulturellen Faktoren (CUFs) beeinflusst werden. Die Tests mit Hilfe der Multigruppenanalyse(MGA) zeigen, dass die Kultur mäßigende Wirkung auf SMs IKT Akzeptanz und Nutzung hat. Die Ergebnisse wurden weiter unterstützt und ergänzt durch Informationen aus eingehenden Interviews und Beobachtungen. Bei der abschließenden Diskussion wurde festgestellt, dass einige Ergebnisse in der einschlägigen Literatur nicht unterstützt werden. Die Diskussion schlussfolgert zu den entwickelten Modellen von IKT, dass sie die positiven signifikanten (direkten und mäßigenden) Beziehungen von reflektierenden Faktoren enthalten, die die IKT Nutzung und Akzeptanz durch das Lehrpersonal in KSUs beeinflussen. Die Studie impliziert: Beiträge zu Wissen, Theorie und Praxis wurden weiter diskutiert, gefolgt von Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen.

Benefiting from the process of globalisation and becoming an information and knowledge society, has become the vision for many governments throughout the world. However, as it has been demonstrated in this thesis, becoming an information and knowledge society is much easier for developed countries that already possess some of the prerequisite criteria, such as an efficient and effective ICT infrastructure. By investing in such an infrastructure, the interaction and exchange of data, information, and knowledge from a local knowledge system with the global knowledge system is enabled. Through this two-way flow of information, the other criteria these countries have to comply with are stimulated, making it much easier and faster for these countries to achieve their goal. However, for the developing countries that are still in the grip of the digital divide, the goal of becoming information and knowledge societies seem nearly unattainable. Owing to this digital divide that is experienced by developing countries, combined with other barriers such as the social barriers that include the overall health and education level of citizens, the citizens of these countries cannot take part in the interaction and exchange process. Thus, this interaction and exchange process cannot aid these countries in complying with the other criteria needed to become information and knowledge societies, and in this way, the progress of developing countries towards becoming information and knowledge societies are seriously hampered. How does the interaction and exchange of data, information, and knowledge between developing countries’ local knowledge systems and the global knowledge system contribute to their development and positive participation in the global information and knowledge society? This is the research question that has guided this thesis. To get an answer to this question the author addressed the following issues:<ul> <li>The author sketched the theoretical foundation of this thesis by providing a brief historical perspective of the Information Science domain. This provided a better understanding of concepts such as data, information, knowledge, global-, western-, and scientific knowledge as well as indigenous-, traditional-, and local knowledge as applied in this thesis. The underlying relationship between these concepts were also explored. Furthermore, the phenomenon of the global information and knowledge society was discussed as one of the opportunities presented by globalisation.</li> <li>The author then analysed the criteria of the information and knowledge society as discussed in Chapter 3, and identified indicators that the stated criteria are constructed from. To investigate whether developed countries are information and knowledge societies, these indicators were applied to Norway and the USA. It was concluded that both countries comply with the stated criteria and are thus information and knowledge societies. </li> <li>The author followed the same method of investigation and applied the indicators identified in Chapter 4 to two developing countries, namely Niger and South Africa. It was concluded that both these countries do not comply with the stated criteria and, thus, are not information and knowledge societies. Furthermore, barriers were identified by the author that inhibit these countries from becoming information and knowledge societies.</li> <li>Lastly, the author discussed proposed solutions and recommendations that can be used to overcome the various barriers that inhibit the progress of developing countries becoming information and knowledge societies. </li></ul> / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Information Science / DPhil / unrestricted