This research is based on the following research question: What are the pupils’ thoughts about their gaming habits and possible learning situations in connection with their gaming? The study is based on literature on the subject and on two interviews with five youths who are between sixteen and seventeen years of age. The conclusions that can be drawn from my research question are:- Learning could take place in different domains and be put into different contexts. Hence, language learnt from playing video games, could be applied on domains outside of the game, i.e. implicit learning in terms of using a foreign language when communicating with other players can become tacit knowledge that the learner can apply on settings outside of the game. Also, social skills learnt from the structure of a game like World of Warcraft can be used in a formal educational setting. As a video game is multimodal in its nature there are benefits from also using other multimodal material in formal education, as many of the pupils are familiar and used to the same sort of text.- There are also problems connected to informal learning. The informants in this study describe how their interest in video games often clashes with their formal education. Another aspect is of course how the quality of the content learnt within an informal setting is being supervised, in contrast to how the formal education works with a trained teacher and a set curriculum that carefully explains how the learning should become available for the learner. Finally, one of the informants explains how his writing skills has become worse because of his informal training of English, since he wants to use smilies and abbreviations in formal text writing.

Digital media has a huge impact on today‟s society. Technologies give opportunities for teachers to access different tasks, exercises, games and videos for teaching students a new language. This also means that teachers have opportunity to conduct more varied lessons to motivate students‟ learning. However, digital media comes with advantages as well as disadvantages. This project will therefore discuss the use of digital media for learning English as a foreign language and discover what teachers thinks about using digital media for teaching. To examine the use of digital media in today‟s school and teachers‟ views of using digital media for learning. This project will carry out interviews and observations on teachers from a selected school. Participants from the selected school are teachers who use digital media regularly to teach Swedish students the English language. Moreover, the participants also discussed the advantages and disadvantages with using of digital media in teaching.

This master thesis project aims to explore ICT solutions in agriculture and food systems, and to analyze their sustainability aspects. As a result, a comprehensive picture of existing and coming ICT solutions along the food chain is presented based on extensive literature review. Their enabled impacts are qualitatively analyzed for selected aspects of food security and environmental sustainability. Moreover, a few of ICT enabled solutions’ GHG emissions reduction potentials in agricultural and land use sector in the year 2030 are estimated quantitatively, ranging from 9 Mt to 31 Mt, depending on assumptions (6 to 50 Mt after sensitivity analysis). These results, which cannot be seen as a representation of the overall ICT potential to enable emission reductions in agriculture and the food chain, are discussed in light of earlier suggested overall ICT potentials in this area. Moreover, limitations and uncertainties of the study are further clarified. Overall, the qualitative analysis identifies a high number of solutions for ICT in the agriculture and food systems with an assumed potential to promote sustainable development. However, due to the lack of published quality data for these solutions, the predicted sustainability potential cannot be accurately estimated. / Detta masterprojekt syftar till att utforska IKT-lösningar inom jordbruks- och livsmedelssystem och att analysera sina hållbarhetsaspekter. Som ett resultat presenteras en omfattande bild av befintliga och kommande IKT-lösningar längs livsmedelskedjan utifrån en omfattande litteraturöversikt. Deras kvalificerade effekter analyseras kvalitativt för utvalda aspekter av livsmedelssäkerhet och miljöhållbarhet. Dessutom beräknas potentialen för minskning av växthusgasutsläppet inom jordbruket och markanvändningen år 2030 kvantitativt för ett fåtal IKT-lösningar, till att vara mellan 21 Mt till 76 Mt (6.11 till 49.6Mt efter känslighetsanalys), beroende på antaganden. Dessa resultat, som inte kan anses representera IKT´s fulla potential att bidra till utsläppsminskningar inom jordbruks- och livsmedelssystemen, diskuteras med bakgrund av tidigare estimat av IKT´s övergripande resultat inom detta område. Därutöver klargörs begränsningar och osäkerheter i studien. Sammantaget identifierar den kvalitativa analysen ett stort antal lösningar för IKT i jordbruks- och livsmedelssystemen med en antagen potential att främja hållbar utveckling. På grund av bristen på publicerade kvalitetsdata för dessa lösningar kan dock den förutspådda hållbarhetspotentialen inte beräknas exakt.

This qualitative case study investigates L2-teachers’ perceptions and integration of digital literacy. Two qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted, one group interview with two participants, and one interview with a single participant. The aim of the interviews was to find out about teachers’ pedagogical choices regarding digital literacy, practicality on digital issues, and the perception of the curriculum with digitality as an aspect and consideration. To answer these formulations three themes were adopted, these were pedagogy, practicality and curriculum. There was an indication that teachers were divided between different ideologies which affected them in their classroom regarding technology use. These ideological issues consequently affected factors such as beliefs, explicitness, responsibility of work, creativity and criticality, which were factors dividing the teachers apart concerning their view of digital literacy.

I takt med informations- och kommunikationsteknikens utveckling ökar möjligheten att digitalisera offentlig sektor. Övergången till en e-förvaltning har gjort att sättet kommunen och medborgarna kommunicerar på har förändrats genom att kommunen tillhandahåller fler digitala tjänster. Denna studie undersöker hur en landsbygdskommun kan öka medborgarnas digitala delaktighet. Baserat på en fallstudie på Sotenäs kommun intervjuades nio tjänstemän. Syftet var att få en inblick i kommunens relation till medborgarna i samband med användningen av digitala tjänster. För att kunna jämföra hur andra kommuner arbetar med digitaliseringen intervjuades även tjänstemän på Ale och Lomma kommun. Resultatet visade att Lomma och Ale kommun hade olika förutsättningar och metoder för arbetet med den digitala utvecklingen. Tillsammans med resultatet från intervjuerna på Sotenäs kommun identifierades ett antal faktorer som Sotenäs kommun bör beakta i sitt fortsatta arbete med att öka den digitala delaktigheten. Faktorerna var organisationsstruktur, metod, integration, utbildning, transparens, digital agenda och kommunens hemsida. / The accelerating development of information and communication technology has made it possible to digitize the public sector. The transition to an e-government has contributed to a change in the way the municipality and citizens communicate because of more digital services. This study investigates how a rural municipality can increase digital participation. Based on a case study in the municipality of Sotenäs, nine civil servants were interviewed. The purpose was to gain insight into the municipality's relation to citizens in connection with the use of digital services. In order to compare how other municipalities digitize their organization, civil servants at the municipality of Ale and Lomma were also interviewed. The result showed that Lomma and Ale had different requisites and methods when working with digital development. Together with the result from the interviews at the municipality of Sotenäs, a number of factors were identified that the municipality can take into account in its continued efforts to increase digital participation. The factors were organizational structure, methodology, integration, education, transparency, digital agenda and the municipality's website.

Digital diplomacy (e-Diplomacy), is commonly defined as the use of information and communication technology for the purposes of attaining foreign policy goals. The emerging field of digital diplomacy has been largely neglected in academic research. Also, in practice, this area has been slow to evolve compared to other areas of public service such as e-government, e-education and e-health. This research draws on the existing literature to present a novel conceptual framework that could be used to guide the implementation of e-diplomacy. A new e-diplomacy maturity framework is formulated to address the modern functions of foreign relations in today’s global environment. The e-diplomacy maturity framework is derived from the theory of growth models, the e-government maturity model, the broader literature on diplomacy and the practice of diplomacy. To validate the conceptual framework, a qualitative approach involving semi-structured interviews with diplomats and professionals from the foreign ministries of the USA, the UK and Qatar were conducted. The novelty of this research is based on the development of a conceptual framework of e-diplomacy maturity and implementation that was built around the scaffolding of conjectures that were tested to determine their validity. It can guide research scholars wishing to explore the discipline of digital diplomacy. It will also assist foreign ministries to identify the stage they have reached in deploying ICT in their diplomatic functions. This study should also provide policy makers, diplomats, ICT managers, and practitioners with a greater understanding of the stages and factors that encourage or hinder e-diplomacy implementation and maturity.

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