Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:57:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Rosa de Figueiredo Fernandes.pdf: 5291957 bytes, checksum: e9ba6c76361eb4a2e901846a5bb5c2dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / ?The pathogenicity of Pratylenchus brachyurus on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultivar K326 was evaluated in experiments testing different initial population densities of the nematode (Pi = 0; 1,000; 3,000; 9,000 and 27,000 eggs and larvae per plant), in eight replications. The isolate was monoxenically multiplied on carrot discs. At the end of the experiment (70 days after inoculation), the above ground part of each plant was weighed and measured and, the respective root system was processed. The reproduction rate of Pratylenchus brachyurus was estimated by extracting the nematodes of the roots and of the soil. Necroses on the roots of the tobacco plants were observed. Pratylenchus brachyurus caused well-delimited root lesions on tobacco root. None of the analyzed plants died; however plant growth was reduced. Also, it was observed a decrease of the fresh mass of roots and of the dry top weight, mainly under the highest population density (27,000 nematodes per plant). The reproduction rate was low. Besides the interaction between Pratylenchus brachyurus and Ralstonia solanacearum in two tobacco varieties, Virg?nia K326 and Burley By21 was evaluated. Test plants were inoculated with the nematode in the initial population density of 3,000 individuals (eggs and larvae) by plant and, 15 days later, the plants were inoculated with a sample of soil infested by the bacterium, in estimated population density of 106 CFU.g-1 of soil. Besides the mixed inoculation with Pratylenchus brachyurus and Ralstonia solanacearum, tobacco plants were single inoculated. The plants were monitored daily. Dates of the beginning of symptom expression were registered, as well as symptom evolution. When the plants were inoculated with Pratylenchus brachyurus and Ralstonia solanacearum, symptom of wilt that is caused by the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum began earlier than in single inoculated plants, and they also evolved quicker, inclusive in the variety Virg?nia K326 that was considered more tolerant. In this case, the presence of Pratylenchus brachyurus, in the root system of these plants, probably favored the infection by Ralstonia solanacearum, even before the symptoms caused by the nematodes could be detected. This study was done in greenhouse and under laboratory conditions. / ?A patogenicidade de Pratylenchus brachyurus em fumo Virg?nia K326 foi avaliada em experimento no qual foram testadas diferentes densidades populacionais iniciais do nemat?ide (Pi = 0; 1.000; 3.000; 9.000 e 27.000 ovos e larvas por planta), em oito repeti??es. O isolado foi multiplicado axenicamente em discos de cenoura. Ao final do experimento (85 dias), as plantas tiveram sua parte a?rea pesada e medida e foi processado o sistema radicular de cada uma. O fator de reprodu??o foi estimado por extra??o dos nemat?ides das ra?zes e do solo. Necroses nas ra?zes das plantas foram observadas. Pratylenchus brachyurus causou les?es radiculares delimitadas nas ra?zes de fumo. N?o houve morte de nenhuma planta analisada, por?m a altura das plantas foi afetada e tamb?m a massa seca da parte a?rea, principalmente sob a densidade populacional mais alta, de 27.000 nemat?ides por planta. O fator de reprodu??o foi baixo. Al?m disto, avaliou-se a intera??o entre Pratylenchus brachyurus e Ralstonia solanacearum em fumo Virg?nia variedade K326 e fumo Burley variedade BY21. As plantas foram inicialmente inoculadas com o nemat?ide na densidade populacional de 3.000 ovos e larvas por planta e 15 dias ap?s, foram inoculadas com uma amostra de solo infestado pela bact?ria, na densidade populacional estimada de 106 UFC.g-1 de solo. Al?m da inocula??o mista com Pratylenchus brachyurus e Ralstonia solanacearum, testemunhas foram inoculadas isoladamente. As plantas foram monitoradas diariamente, anotando-se a data de in?cio e da evolu??o dos sintomas. Quando as plantas foram inoculadas com os Pratylenchus brachyurus e Ralstonia solanacearum, os sintomas de murcha, que s?o causados pela bact?ria se manifestaram mais cedo e tamb?m evolu?ram mais r?pido, inclusive na variedade K326 que foi considerada mais tolerante. Neste caso, provavelmente a presen?a de Pratylenchus brachyurus, no sistema radicular dessas plantas, favoreceu a infec??o por Ralstonia solanacearum, antes mesmo que os sintomas causados pelo nemat?ide pudessem ser observados. Este trabalho foi realizado em casa de vegeta??o e em laborat?rio.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:15:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008- Daniela de Oliveira Franco Acuna.pdf: 2634530 bytes, checksum: 5433beffd9a4776e67f732e78762b6bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-19 / The snail, Achatina fulica (Giant African snail), is registered in almost all Brazilian territory, and may act as an intermediate host of parasites of the man. This study aimed to describe the morphology of the nematode larvae found in A. fulica, through light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and to relate the prevalence of infection to the collection places of the snails and to the antropic activity. Sixty snails were collected from April/2006 to April/2007, in the Mesquita City, RJ, transferred to laboratory, kept in terraria, measured and dissected to verify the infection, distribution of the cysts in tissues of the snails. The cysts were collected and the larvae were separated. The material thus obtained was used to LM and SEM. The occurrence of A. fulica in the less conserved area was greater than that in the more conserved area. However, there was not a significant relation between the intensity of infection and the collection places and the antropic activity. Fourteen snails (23%) were infected and the biggest number of cysts/snail verified was 130 and the minor was 1, in snails that with 106 and 55mm of shell length, respectively. A strong correlation was observed between the size of the snail and the number of cysts and there was a greater concentration of these in the pallial cavity, 87%. Of this total, 49% were in the area more vascularized and 38% in the less vascularized area of this cavity. The cysts presented spherical shape, light pink colored and measured 0.97-1.57mm in diameter and with an unique larva involved by an amorphous material. Two hundred twenty two encysted larvae were recovered, 30 larvae were used to the morphological studies. The length of the larvae varied of 2.57-5.8mm, being classified in: small - until 3.5mm; medium - of 3.53-4.5mm and great - above of 4.52mm. The average length of the larvae in the three groups was of 2.85; 3.87 and 5.23mm, respectively, and the total average of 4.2mm. The larvae presented white cuticle, shining, transversally striated and the lateral line extending to the posterior extremity of the body. In the anterior end, it is observed mouth provided with three lips, with amphids and papillae, followed by a muscular oesophagus with average length of 0.61mm, ending in an esophagus bulb. The nervous ring it was observed in the medium third of the oesophagus and the intestine ends in an opening located next to the posterior end. The tail had a length varying of 0.15-0.42mm, is located after this opening may present two types of endings: abrupt or that it sharpens gradually. The difference in the ending of the tail may suggest sexual dimorphism, although not to have been observed reproductive structures. The identification to the specific level was not possible, this pointed to the necessity of continuation of this study. The expressive population density of A.fulica observed in the conserved area less it confirms the influence of the antropic action on the dispersion of this snail. / O molusco Achatina fulica (Caramujo gigante africano) ? registrado em quase todo territ?rio nacional, havendo a possibilidade de atuar como hospedeiro de parasitos do homem. Este estudo objetivou descrever a morfologia dos est?gios larvais de nemat?ides encontrados em A. fulica, atrav?s de microscopia de luz e eletr?nica de varredura, e relacionar a preval?ncia de infec??o aos locais de coleta dos moluscos e ? atividade antr?pica. Sessenta moluscos foram coletados de abril de 2006 a abril de 2007, no munic?pio de Mesquita, RJ, transferidos para o laborat?rio, mantidos em terr?rios, medidos e dissecados para verifica??o da infec??o, distribui??o dos cistos pelos tecidos do molusco, coleta dos cistos e obten??o das larvas. Procedeu-se a fixa??o e o processamento para microscopia de luz e eletr?nica de varredura. A ocorr?ncia de A. fulica na ?rea menos conservada foi maior que na ?rea mais conservada. Por?m n?o houve uma rela??o significativa entre a intensidade de infec??o aos locais de coleta e ? atividade antr?pica. Quatorze moluscos (23%) estavam infectados e o maior n?mero de cistos verificado por molusco foi de 130 e o menor de 01, em moluscos que apresentavam 106 e 55mm de comprimento de concha, respectivamente. Foi observada uma forte correla??o entre o tamanho do molusco e o n?mero de cistos encontrados e maior concentra??o destes na cavidade paleal, 87%. Desse total, 49% estavam na ?rea mais vascularizada e 38% na menos vascularizada da cavidade. Os cistos apresentavam formato esf?rico, colora??o rosada e mediam de 0,97 a 1,57mm de di?metro e na maioria das vezes com uma ?nica larva que se encontrava envolvida por um material amorfo. Foram recuperadas 222 larvas encistadas. Destas, 30 foram utilizadas no estudo morfol?gico. O comprimento das larvas variou de 2,57 a 5,8mm, sendo classificados em: pequeno at? 3,5mm; m?dio de 3,53 a 4,5mm e grande - acima de 4,52mm. O comprimento m?dio das larvas nos tr?s grupos foi de 2,85; 3,87 e 5,23mm, respectivamente, e a m?dia total de 4,2mm. As larvas apresentavam cut?cula branca, brilhante e estriada no sentido transversal e linha lateral at? a extremidade posterior do corpo. Na extremidade anterior, observa-se a boca provida de tr?s l?bios, com anf?dios e papilas, seguida por um es?fago musculoso com comprimento m?dio de 0,61mm, terminando em um bulbo esofagiano. O anel nervoso foi observado no ter?o m?dio do es?fago e o intestino termina em uma abertura localizada pr?ximo ? extremidade posterior. A cauda, com comprimento variando de 0,15 a 0,42mm, se forma a partir desta abertura e apresenta dois tipos de termina??es: abrupta ou que afina gradativamente. A diferen?a na termina??o da cauda pode sugerir dimorfismo sexual, apesar de n?o terem sido observados prim?rdios de ?rg?os reprodutores. Com os resultados obtidos n?o foi poss?vel a identifica??o ao n?vel espec?fico, havendo dessa forma a necessidade de continua??o deste estudo. A densidade populacional expressiva de A. fulica observada na ?rea menos conservada confirma a influ?ncia da a??o antr?pica sobre a dispers?o deste molusco.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:18:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Rafael de Oliveira Reis.pdf: 414371 bytes, checksum: cba37c20457ed19393a6150f550081e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The thyroid diseases have been showed even more frequently in veterinary medicine, mainly hypothyroidism. There aren t many studies in Brazil about clinical changes of iatrogenic hypothyroidism in dogs. Thus, new studies must be done about this endocrine disturb. The aim of this study was to identify the main clinical-pathological changes in iatrogenic methimazole-induced hypothyroidism in dogs. We used five adult mongrel dogs, submitted to methimazole (0.5 mg.kg-1) chronic oral treatment by 120 days. We collected blood samples to evaluate the serum levels of Total T4, Free T4 and canine TSH. In the same days of the collect of blood samples, we made skin biopsy to histopathology study. All samples were collected in the days 0, 60 and 120. (It was also evaluated the serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides.) We even evaluated cholesterol and triglycerides serum levels. It was evidenced an increase in cholesterol and triglycerides levels. The Total T4 levels kept unchanged. Therefore, the Free T4 levels showed a decrease after the 120 days of treatment. Moreover, the TSH levels increased after the firsts 60 days. Our results show that pharmacological induction of hypothyroidism in dogs can be carried out by methimazole. New studies should be done using this experimental paradigm to determinate the appropriated dose of methimazole in dogs in order to induce more expressive clinical manifestations. / Os dist?rbios da tire?ide em c?es t?m se apresentado cada vez mais freq?entes na rotina cl?nica veterin?ria, principalmente no que se refere ao hipotireoidismo. Considerando a necessidade de estudar particularidades referentes ?s altera??es cl?nicas do hipotireoidismo induzido iatrogenicamente em c?es, novos e mais aprofundados estudos sobre este dist?rbio devem ser feitos. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as principais altera??es cl?nicas em c?es com hipotireoidismo iatrog?nico induzido por metimazol. Foram utilizados cinco c?es, machos, adultos, sem ra?a definida que foram submetidos a um tratamento oral cr?nico com metimazol na dose de 0,5mg.kg-1 durante 120 dias. Foram coletadas amostras sangu?neas para dosagens dos n?veis s?ricos de T4 total, T4 livre e TSH canino. Nos mesmos dias das coletas realizaram-se bi?psias cut?neas com o objetivo de obterem-se amostras para an?lise histopatol?gica. As amostras foram coletadas nos dias 0, 60 e 120. Avaliaram-se tamb?m os n?veis de colesterol e de triglicer?deos que apresentaram aumento signinficativo. A concentra??o de T4 total observada n?o apresentou queda significativa, ao contr?rio dos n?veis de T4 livre medidos por di?lise que diminuiram ap?s os 120 dias de tratamento, enquanto que os n?veis de TSH elevaram-se j? a partir da segunda amostra (no dia 60). Nossos resultados demonstram que a indu??o farmacol?gica do hipotireoidismo em c?es pode ser feita atrav?s da utiliza??o do metimazol. Novos e mais aprofundados estudos dever?o ser realizados utilizando-se esse paradigma experimental visando estabelecer as doses mais apropriadadas de metimazol em c?es.

Cabo Verde tem registrado um crescimento considerável em nível da subregião Oeste africana, apesar dos enormes desafios que o país apresenta, tais como escassez de água potável, de energia, de saneamento básico, deficiente infraestrutura, limitados recursos naturais, materiais e humanos. Este trabalho analisa as perspectivas e as alternativas para a economia de Cabo Verde, tendo em conta esses enormes desafios. Para este propósito, o trabalho inicia com a problemática do (sub)desenvolvimento, onde além de uma discussão teórica do assunto, se aborda a questão dos pequenos estados insulares da qual Cabo Verde faz parte e as oportunidades de desenvolvimento que ainda restam aos subdesenvolvidos. Em seguida, apresenta-se um histórico da economia de Cabo Verde, com destaque para os vários momentos verificados desde o período antes da independência até os dias de hoje. Depois se discutem alguns aspetos considerados relevantes da economia Cabo-verdiana, como as contas nacionais, a estrutura do emprego e de desemprego, a caracterização de alguns setores de atividade econômica e, também, faz-se uma análise do desempenho da economia. Por fim, no capítulo 5 discute-se a importância das relações internacionais do país, avaliam-se os desafios que o país enfrenta, as perspectivas de desenvolvimento face a esses desafios, e as alternativas de desenvolvimento, tendo por base o turismo, a ajuda pública ao desenvolvimento (APD), o investimento direto externo (IDE) e as remessas dos emigrantes (RE). Os resultados obtidos neste estudo sugerem que o país, apesar de melhoras significativas em diversas áreas de desenvolvimento, fato comprovado pela recente elevação a País de Rendimento Médio (PRM), o país apresenta ainda enormes desequilíbrios e distorções no seu processo de desenvolvimento. Evidencia-se neste trabalho que, apesar dos constantes desafios e constrangimentos que o país enfrenta, e apesar das alternativas de desenvolvimento se basearem nos fatores externos que não estão sob total controle do país, as perspectivas de desenvolvimento são bastante favoráveis. / Cape Verde has experienced considerable growth in the sub-region of West Africa which is a part, despite the enormous challenges the country presents, such as scarcity of water, energy, sanitation, lack of infrastructure, lack of natural resources, limited human and material resources. This paper analyzes the prospects and the alternatives for the economy of Cape Verde, given these enormous challenges. For this purpose, this work begins with the problem of the (under) development, where in addition to a theoretical discussion of the subject, addressing the issue of small island states which Cape Verde made part and the development opportunities that remain for developing countries. Then comes a history of Cape Verde's economy by addressing various events occurred since the period before independence until today. After that, it is considered some relevant aspects of the Cape Verde economy, such as national accounts, the structure of employment and unemployment, the characterization of certain sectors of economic activity, and also an analysis of economic performance. Finally, in Chapter 5 discusses the importance of the international relations of the country, to assess the challenges facing the country, prospects for development with these challenges, and the alternatives of development, based on tourism, Help official development assistance (ODA), foreign direct investment (FDI) and remittances (RE). The results of this work suggest that the country, despite significant improvements in several areas of the development, proven by the recent graduate to Middle Income Country (MIC), the country still has huge imbalances and distortions in its development process. Evidence in this work, despite the continuing challenges and constraints facing the country, despite the development alternatives are based on the external factors that are not under total control of the country, the development prospects are quite favorable.

abstract: Feedback represents a vital component of the learning process and is especially important for Computer Science students. With class sizes that are often large, it can be challenging to provide individualized feedback to students. Consistent, constructive, supportive feedback through a tutoring companion can scaffold the learning process for students. This work contributes to the construction of a tutoring companion designed to provide this feedback to students. It aims to bridge the gap between the messages the compiler delivers, and the support required for a novice student to understand the problem and fix their code. Particularly, it provides support for students learning about recursion in a beginning university Java programming course. Besides also providing affective support, a tutoring companion could be more effective when it is embedded into the environment that the student is already using, instead of an additional tool for the student to learn. The proposed Tutoring Companion is embedded into the Eclipse Integrated Development Environment (IDE). This thesis focuses on the reasoning model for the Tutoring Companion and is developed using the techniques of a neural network. While a student uses the IDE, the Tutoring Companion collects 16 data points, including the presence of certain key words, cyclomatic complexity, and error messages from the compiler, every time it detects an event, such as a run attempt, debug attempt, or a request for help, in the IDE. This data is used as inputs to the neural network. The neural network produces a correlating single output code for the feedback to be provided to the student, which is displayed in the IDE. The effectiveness of the approach is examined among 38 Computer Science students who solve a programming assignment while the Tutoring Companion assists them. Data is collected from these interactions, including all inputs and outputs for the neural network, and students are surveyed regarding their experience. Results suggest that students feel supported while working with the Companion and promising potential for using a neural network with an embedded companion in the future. Challenges in developing an embedded companion are discussed, as well as opportunities for future work. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Software Engineering 2019

Cette thèse utilise des modèles d’économétrie spatiale pour explorer les déterminants de la localisation spatiale de l’IDE au Vietnam. Le premier chapitre présente la littérature théorique relative à la localisation de l’IDE, et les faits stylisés de la localisation de l’IDE au Vietnam. Le deuxième chapitre analyse les déterminants de la localisation spatiale de l’IDE en ASEAN. Les résultats d’estimation indiquent une grande différence de motivation entre la localisation de l’IDE extra-ASEAN et intra-ASEAN. Les flux d’IDE extra-ASEAN sont de forme verticale complexe, alors que les flux d’IDE intra-ASEAN sont de plateforme d’exportation. Le troisième chapitre étudie les déterminants de la localisation spatiale de l’IDE dans les provinces au Vietnam. Les résultats d’estimation indiquent que l’IDE dans une province n’est pas seulement attiré par la taille du marché, la main-D'oeuvre qualifiée, la qualité des infrastructures, et l’agglomération des firmes dans cette province, mais aussi dans ses voisines. En outre, le coût du travail, la productivité du travail, et les politiques nationales et locales jouent également un rôle important. Le quatrième chapitre porte sur le rôle des institutions locales dans la localisation spatiale de l’IDE dans les provinces du Vietnam. Les résultats d’estimation montrent que la qualité des institutions locales mesurées par la transparence, la politique d’appui au secteur privé et la politique sur le travail affectent significativement la localisation spatiale de l’IDE dans les provinces au Vietnam. / This thesis uses spatial econometric models to explore the determinants of spatial location of FDI in Vietnam. The first chapter presents the theoretical literature on FDI location, and the stylized facts of the FDI location in Vietnam. The second chapter analyzes the determinants of the spatial location of FDI in ASEAN. Results indicate a significant difference in motivation between the location of extra-ASEAN FDI and intra- ASEAN FDI. The extra-ASEAN FDI are of the form of complex vertical FDI, while intra- ASEAN FDI are of the form of export platform FDI. The third chapter examines the determinants of the spatial location of FDI in the provinces in Vietnam. Results indicate that FDI in a province is not only attracted by the market size, skilled workforce, quality infrastructure, and agglomeration of firms in this province, but also in its neighbors. In addition, labor costs, labor productivity, and national and local policies also play an important role in the spatial location of FDI. The fourth chapter focuses on the role of local institutions on the spatial location of FDI in the provinces in Vietnam. Results show that the quality of local institutions, measured by transparency, political support to the private sector and labor policy, significantly affects the spatial location of FDI in the provinces in Vietnam.

Le système des villes sud-africaines, né d'une colonisation de peuplement et soumis pendant un demi-siècle aux lois de l'apartheid, évolue-t-il sous l'effet de la mondialisation comme d'autres systèmes de villes plus anciens ou plus développés ? Dans quelle mesure le processus d'insertion économique à l'échelle mondiale, observé à travers la localisation des investissements directs étrangers (IDE) et l'implantation des entreprises multinationales, entraîne-t-il une perturbation dans la dynamique de ce système ? L'objectif est ici de savoir, à l'aide de différentes méthodes d'analyse des données, si les villes sud-africaines concernées par les IDE suivent un modèle de métropolisation (concentration des activités économiques et des hommes dans les plus grandes villes), si elles connaissent un processus de distribution de la croissance aux échelons inférieurs de la hiérarchie urbaine (simple diffusion-adaptation), ou bien si elles développent de nouvelles configurations (spécialisations).<br /><br />Dans les délimitations bien précises des agglomérations fonctionnelles, que nous avons constituées pour dix dates sur toute la période 1901-2001, nous mettons en évidence une croissance urbaine distribuée (processus de Gibrat), analogue à celle observée pour d'autres systèmes de villes et qui fait suite au processus de colonisation du territoire par les villes, observé jusque vers la fin du XIXe siècle. Cette modalité d'urbanisation fait de l'Afrique du Sud un des pays africains les plus avancés dans la transition urbaine (avec quelques 307 agglomérations urbaines en 2001).<br />L'internationalisation économique des villes est ensuite analysée, sur le temps long, par le biais des IDE (échantillon de 2751 entreprises étrangères en 2003) afin de mettre en évidence les reconfigurations spatiales, les dynamiques de concentration, d'accentuation des disparités ou au contraire de rattrapage entre les villes.<br /><br />Au stade actuel du processus, en dépit d'une insertion ancienne du pays dans les échanges internationaux, les stratégies de localisation des entreprises étrangères contribuent, comme partout ailleurs, au renforcement du niveau métropolitain (au profit de Johannesburg surtout) et ne produisent plus de spécialisation urbaine très marquée. Cependant, à l'échelon supérieur, de la hiérarchie urbaine les sélections des investisseurs analysées sur le long terme révèlent l'amorce d'une dynamique de diffusion et de rééquilibrage territorial, à l'avantage des grandes villes côtières et de leurs périphéries.

<p>The main goal of this thesis is to investigate efficient searching mechanisms for searching and retrieving software components across different remote repositories and implement a supporting prototype called “Component Repository Browser” using the plug-in based Eclipse technology for PROGRESS-IDE. The prototype enables users to search the ProCom components and to import the desired components from a remote repository server over different protocols such as HTTP, HTTPS, and/or SVN. Several component searching mechanisms and suggestions were studied and examined such as keyword, facet-based search, folksonomy classification, and signature matching, from which we selected keyword search along with facet-based searching technique to help component searchers to efficiently find the desired components from a remote repository.</p>

Uppsatsen berör den nya prisbelönade mobila betalningstjänsten Swish, som är ett samarbete mellan sju av Sveriges största banker. Syftet är att identifiera framträdande aktörer i samarbetet kring Swish samt redogöra för hur dessa förhåller sig till varandra. Med hjälp av teori om aktör-nätverk definieras och beskrivs det nätverk av aktörer som omger Swish. Därutöver redogörs det för hur nätverket har formats från det att Swish var en idé till att den blev en färdig applikation. Michel Callons teori om översättning används för att beskriva denna process. En kvalitativ studie genomfördes, där sju semi-strukturerade intervjuer ligger till grund för studiens empiriska resultat. Analysen av det empiriska resultatet sker kvalitativt i form av att definiera framträdande aktörer, som sedan används för att beskriva formandet av nätverket som omger Swish utifrån de fyra faserna av översättning: problematisering, intresseväckning, värvning samt mobilisering. Uppsatsen redogör för egenskaperna i varje fas och hur dessa har bidragit till formandet av Swish som färdig applikation. Framträdande aktörer i det aktör-nätverk som omger Swish är till att börja med de sex bankerna som utvecklat idén om Swish: Swedbank, Nordea, Länsförsäkringar, Handelsbanken, SEB, samt Danske Bank. Bankerna bildar även en gemensam framträdande aktör i form av det konsortium som bildades och senare blev bolaget Getswish AB, som ägs av de sex bankerna. Vidare är Bankgirot, HiQ och TWL framträdande aktörer i samarbetet kring Swish. Bankgirot är underleverantör till Getswish AB. Bankgirot tillhandahåller infrastrukturen BIR, och säljer tjänsten Swish till intresserade banker. HiQ är i sin tur underleverantör till Bankgirot. HiQ utvecklar och förvaltar betalningsväxeln och de mobila enheterna, och kommunicerar med bankerna via Bankgirot. TWL är designbyrå åt Getswish AB och bankerna, där TWL bidrar med strategisk kompetens kring kommunikation och varumärke. Även Mobilt BankID, som är den gemensamma säkerhetslösningen, och mobilapplikationen Swish ses som framträdande aktörer i samarbetet. Vidare diskuteras översättningens fyra faser, där en icke-linjär dynamisk process kan identifieras då nätverket kring Swish formades. Slutligen presenteras förslag på vidare forskning.

Depuis le début des années 1980, l'ouverture de l'économie mondiale a conduit à une évolution rapide des flux d'IDE essentiellement vers les pays en voie de développement. Cette croissance est le résultat du changement structurel de l'activité économique vers la spécialisation verticale internationale. Ainsi, elle a fait émerger un nouveau principe d'analyse pour arbitrer entre l'IDE et la sous-traitance internationale.Notre travail s'intéresse au cas de la Tunisie et examine l'évolution des IDE entrants, essentiellement après la signature de l'accord de partenariat avec l'Union Européenne en 1995. Cet accord représente le point fort du processus d'ouverture de l'économie Tunisienne censé consolider les déterminants économiques traditionnels. Notre analyse empirique des flux entrants entre 1992 et 2008 pour l'ensemble des 58 pays originaires des investissements étrangers en Tunisie, montre que ces investissements se sont concentrés principalement dans le secteur énergétique et dans la branche des textiles et habillement. La principale motivation des investisseurs étrangers demeure la recherche d'une main d'œuvre bon marché, dans une logique de division internationale du travail. En outre, mis à part quelques opérations de privatisation générant des flux importants et concentrés dans la télécommunication et la cimenterie, le processus de libéralisation de l'activité économique n'a pas eu les effets escomptés sur les flux entrants d'IDE.