Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-109).

The present study examines how legitimacy is created in consultants’ translation of the Integrated Reporting (IR) framework in a Swedish context. The aim was to understand which logics from the sociology of worth (SOW) the consultants’ translation of the IR framework will build on in making it a legitimate practice in a Swedish context. The study employed three aspects presented by Patriotta et al. (2011), where actors provide justifications in order to attain legitimacy, to describe the translation process. Boltanski and Thévenot’s SOW was applied to discern what logics that were present and compromised upon in the translation process to make the IR framework a legitimate practice in a Swedish context.  The present study mainly found the logics of fame, industrial and market, but other logics was also found in the process of making a legitimate translation of the IR framework by the consultants. Thus resulting in a broad compromise of logics, generating potentially vague and ambiguous statements of sustainability. If integrated reporting is the future for corporate reporting, then these dominating logics in the translation of the IR framework might set the tone for the sustainability reporting that will be spread by consultants in a Swedish context.

In 1800, Gilbert Stuart began three paintings of his friend, republican writer, Sarah Wentworth Apthorp Morton--the Worcester, Winterthur, and Boston portraits. While Morton has been remembered more for a tragic personal family scandal than for her literary endeavors, Stuart's provocative images acknowledged her as both a poet and an intellect. His portraits presented a progressive and potentially controversial interpretation of his sitter--the lovely and learned Morton--by prioritizing the writer's life of the mind rather than her socially prescribed life in the world. This study reconstructs the circumstances by which Stuart composed the group of Morton paintings that culminate in his unorthodox Worcester rendering through which he ultimately depicted Morton as the first woman of ideas in American art. Supported by close readings of her work, this dissertation illuminates both the course and depth of the exceptional personal and professional relationship between Morton and Stuart. The paths of the two republican figures crossed at several historic junctures and is highlighted by the interconnectivity of their work. Most significantly, the Stuart portraits represent an ideal lens through which to view Morton's life and work as well as to follow the Boston native's transformation into one of America's earliest women of ideas. / text

The passive reliance on ideas to spontaneously emerge within companies is today replaced with more active and continuous ideation management that embraces employees from different functions and knowledge-domains within the company to create and develop ideas. A frequently observed feature in the active management of ideation is the reliance on collaboration and competition mechanisms. These mechanisms use the strength of enabling people to working together towards a shared interest (collaboration) and the power of enabling people to outperform each other in submitting the best idea (competition). The existing research on collaboration and competition in ideation is found inconclusive about their effects as collaboration is stated to both enhance and hamper performance, and as competition is claimed to both drive and reduce performance in ideation. This constitutes a limitation to the management of ideation as it reduces the ability to actively and purposefully guide ideation through a deliberate use of the two mechanisms. The aim of this thesis is to investigate collaboration and competition mechanisms in firm-internal ideation. A multi-methodological approach has been deployed using three different studies: a multiple case study, a survey, and an experiment. This has allowed for the phenomenon of ideation to be studied using different perspectives and for the individual results to be triangulated. The empirical data has been acquired from both industry and experiments with university students. The conducted research has revealed that the inconsistencies on the effects from the two mechanisms are possible to understand and resolve by applying a more detailed level of analysis. When competition is decomposed into components of individual- and group competition, it is found that individual competition drives idea quantity and that it hampers collaboration, whereas group competition instead is found to induce collaboration and to nurture idea quality. This indicates that competition can be used to manage levels of collaboration in ideation, thereby bridging the two mechanisms. This thesis further presents that the individual effects from each of the mechanisms are complementary to each other. This implies that the effect from each mechanism is retained when combined with the other mechanisms, and that the combined effect is equal to, or even greater than, the sum of the individual effects. This combined use is found to drive both ideation efficiency and motivation, and is offering management an interesting third alternative, out of the two mechanisms, of how firm-internal ideation can be managed in a more effective and efficient manner. An analytical framework is included, presenting the interrelationships between the mechanisms, motivation, ideation behavior and the ideation performance. / <p>QC 20150831</p>

At the turn of the century 18/1900 Swedish law looked upon young people as being adults at about the age of 15. At 15, the young person had left school, had his first employment and provided for himself and also had been confirmed to full membership of the Swedish State Church. Thus he was to be considered an adult and responsible for his actions. Parents, society/school and Church had done what was expected of them and now it was up to the 15-years old to live according to the laws and to be punished if the laws were broken. Over the following hundred years, at the time of the millennium, Swedish society changed a lot. So the laws did not and still a young person of 15 is considered an adult in the eye of the Swedish law. This paper looks upon the ideas that the law was based on at the turn of the century 18/1900 and the ideas that are put forward by Swedish courts today. The law has not changed, but today Swedish young people leave school between the ages of 19-25, and find their first employment even later. The paper gives the historical background and looks at the underlying ideas of adulthood. How people think and what is considered being important in defining aduldthood has not changed much over those hundred years. In deciding if a person could pass as an adult, the Swedish law still use the same premisses today as it did a hundred years ago. As these premissies and ideas are the same, though society has changed, you can’t today be considered an adult until in your twenties.

Įvairių priežasčių skatinama XX. a. viduryje išeivijoje jau buvo atsidūrusi nemaža dalis lietuvių tautos. Išeiviai kūrė organizacijas, leido savo leidinius. Šiame darbe siekiama atskleisti šiuo metu gerokai primiršto socialdemokratinio žurnalo „Darbas“, ėjusio JAV 1947–1960 m., istoriją. Tam kelti uždaviniai: atskleisti LDD ir DDT organizacijų idėjines nuostatas, jų narių įnašus į žurnalo leidybą bei bendrą šių organizacijų įtaką žurnalo pobūdžiui; išnagrinėti bandymus į žurnalo leidybą pritraukti organizacijoms nepriklausiusius asmenis, jų įnašus į žurnalo turinį; papildyti istoriografijoje jau žinomas derybų dėl bendro žurnalo leidybos su liberaliosios srovės atstovais nesėkmės priežastis; išnagrinėti žurnalo leidybos problemas, nustatyti jo užsidarymo priežastis, atskleisti bandymus tęsti leidybą ar kurti naujus žurnalus „Darbo“ idėjos pagrindu; atskleisti „Darbe“ skelbtas idėjas, pažiūras ir turinį. LDD, susikūrusi (1932) kaip opozicija JAV lietuvių komunistų tarpe kylančios autoritarinėms tendencijoms, ilgainiui tapo socialdemokratiška organizacija. 1947 m. ji ėmė leisti žurnalą „Darbas“. LDD nariai St. Strazdas, N. Jonuška, J. V. Stilsonas, K. Bielinis, St. Kairys, J. Sonda buvo žurnalo redaktoriais, administratoriais, autoriais. DDT (1954) vienijo kairiųjų pažiūrų jaunimą. Jos nariai J. Repečka, J. Kiznis tapo vyr. redaktoriais. DDT suorganizavo Darbo Fondą ir taip apjungusi intelektines ir finansines žurnalo pajėgas buvo arti to, kad perimtų „Darbą“ į savo rankas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Due to various reasons a great part of the Lithuanian people were living in emigration in the middle of the 20th century. Emigrants have always established organizations, published periodicals. The main aim of this thesis is to reveal the history of forgotten journal “Darbas”, published in the USA in 1947–1960. For this aim the following tasks were set: to reveal ideas of LDD and DDT, the influence on and contributions to the journal of these organizations and their members; to explore the attempts to attract other persons to become authors of “Darbas” and the contribution they made; to complement the already known in historiography reasons why negotiations with liberals inviting them to write for “Darbas” and to have a common journal were unsuccessful; to explore the problems of publishing, to find out the reasons why publishing had to be stopped, to reveal the attempts to continue publishing and to create new journals on the base of “Darbas” idea; to reveal the ideas proposed in and the content of “Darbas”. Established in 1932 to oppose authoritarian tendencies among Lithuanian communists in the USA, LDD gradually became a social democratic organization, which began to publish journal “Darbas” in 1947. Members of this organization (J. V. Stilsonas, K. Bielinis, St. Kairys, etc.) were the editors, the administrators and the authors of “Darbas”. Established in 1954, DDT was the organization that united the leftist youth. Members of DDT J. Repečka, J. Kiznis were chief... [to full text]

The research subject comprises the structuralistic ideas that found the meaning in contemporary architectural design and realized projects of Lithuania. The research subject provides more comprehensive disclosure of artistic results in architecture and identifies their place within the context of different scientific and artistic disciplines, as well as contemporary architecture on the whole. The main objective of the research is to establish basic artistic principles and conceptions of structuralistic architecture in Lithuania, their geographic and interdisciplinary links, genesis and forms of expression. To this end, the following tasks have been raised: to establish philosophical-ideological background of structuralistic architecture and its links to the social being in the second half of the 20th century Lithuania; analyze the geographical and interdisciplinary context of structuralistic ideas; explore the social-cultural formants of artistic principles in Lithuanian architecture of the 1960-ies–80-ies; prepare theoretical pattern for valuation of structuralistic ideas in Lithuanian architecture; identify the most significant pieces of structuralistic architecture in Lithuania and their influence on general architecture development in the country. In making the research, the following results innovative on the field of architectural science have been obtained: significant phenomenon in Lithuanian architecture, although poorly analyzed before – Structuralism – has been... [to full text] / Tyrime atskleidžiami struktūralistinės architektūros kūrybiniai rezultatai, nusakoma jų vietą skirtingų mokslo ir meno disciplinų bei šiuolaikinės architektūros kontekste. Tyrimo objektas yra šiuolaikinės Lietuvos architektūros projektuose bei įgyvendintuose objektuose įprasmintos struktūralistinės idėjos. Tyrimu siekiama nustatyti pagrindines Lietuvos struktūralistinės architektūros kūrybines nuostatas ir konceptus, jų geografines ir tarpdalykines sąsajas, genezę bei raiškos formas. Darbe sprendžiami šie uždaviniai: nustatomi struktūralistinės architektūros filosofiniai-ideologiniai pagrindai ir jų sąsajos su XX a. antroje pusėje Lietuvoje vykusiais procesais; nagrinėjami struktūralizmo idėjų geografinis ir tarpdalykinis kontekstai; tiriami XX a. 7-ojo–9-ojo dešimtmečių Lietuvos architektūrą formavę sociokultūriniai veiksniai; formuluojamas struktūralistinių idėjų raiškos Lietuvos architektūroje teorinis vertinimo modelis, identifikuojami svarbiausi Lietuvos struktūralistinės architektūros kūriniai ir jų įtaką šalies architektūros raidai. Rengiant disertaciją buvo gauti šie architektūrologijai nauji rezultatai: ištirtas menkai atskleistas, bet labai svarbus kūrybinis reiškinys Lietuvos architektūroje – struktūralizmas; parengtas struktūralistinių idėjų raiškos Lietuvos architektūroje vertinimo teorinis modelis; identifikuoti pagrindiniai šalies struktūralistinės architektūros kūriniai; tyrimas apima ne tik formos ir kontekstų studijas, bet taip pat struktūralistinės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Chomsky’s Cartesian Linguistics frames into his linguistic work and the resulting debates between rationalists and empiricists. I focus on the following key aspects: (i) the historic connection of Cartesian Linguistics to previous linguistic theorizing, (ii) the development of Chomsky’s own theorizing, (iii) the empirical work addressing the problem of language acquisition and (iv) the problem of computational modeling of language learning. Chomsky claims that his view is situated within a rationalist Cartesian tradition and that only rationalists will be able to account fully for all aspects of human language. My thesis challenges both claims. I found only remote connections between Cartesian and Chomskyan commitments. Chomsky holds that (i) language is species-specific, (ii) language is domain-specific, and (iii) language acquisition depends on innate knowledge. Descartes accepted (i), but argued that language is an indicator of domain-general intelligence. Innate resources play a different role for language acquisition for Chomsky and for Descartes. Chomsky revived linguistics during the 1950s by promising to make it a rigorous part of the biological sciences. However, his work has not resulted in a better understanding of language acquisition and use. Key concepts like ‘innateness’, ‘Universal Grammar’ and ‘Language Acquisition Device’ remain in need of precise definition, and the Poverty of the Stimulus Argument does not rule out data-driven domain-general language acquisition. Empirical work in developmental psychology has demonstrated that children acquire and practice many language-related cognitive abilities long before they produce their first words. Chomsky’s dictum that language learning is uniform across the species and invariably follows genetically determined stages remains empirically unconfirmed. Computational modeling has accounted for some internal structure of language acquisition mechanisms and simulates the specific conditions under which children learn language. Contemporary models use samples of child-directed-speech as input and have replicated numerous aspects of human performance. Given my findings I suggest that Chomskyan linguistics is not Cartesian in substance or in spirit. Descartes was wary of those “who take no account of experience and think that truth will spring from their brains like Minerva from the head of Jupiter” (CSM I, p. 21). His science relied on sense experience (empiricism) and deduction (rationalism) and a truly Cartesian Linguistics will revive this part of the Cartesian tradition.

Disertacijoje rekonstruojama modernios politinės minties raida Lietuvoje. Pagrindiniu analizės objektu siekiant šio tikslo tampa valstybės sąvoka, kuri sintezuoja ir iš politinės teorijos perspektyvos leidžia interpretuoti ją vartojančių intelektualų prielaidas apie asmens, visuomenės ir pačios politijos (bendriausia sąvoka nusakanti politinę tvarką) prigimtį. Analizė atliekama pasitelkiant ir derinant tris intelektualinės istorijos mokyklas: idėjų istoriją, sąvokų istoriją ir politiškumo istoriją. Disertacijoje parodoma, kad valstybės sąvokos atsiradimas XIX a. pr. ir įsitvirtinimas lietuvių kalboje bei politinėje mintyje yra neatsiejamos nuo modernių politinių paradigmų sklaidos. XIX a. pab. vykęs tautinis atgimimas taip pat skatino lietuviškų politinių sąvokų kūrimą, kurios leistų naujai apibūdinti politiją kaip abstraktų ir suverenų socialinį darinį. Per visą XX a. vykusi sąvokos ideologizacija – skirtingas vartojimas konkuruojantiems ideologiniams projektams pagrįsti – leidžia išskirti keletą Lietuvos visuomenei būdingų santykio su valstybe modelių. Tarpukariu labiausiai išryškėjo organiškas, tautininkiškas, demokratinis-legalistinis ir marksistinis-ekonomistinis valstybės konceptualizavimo būdai. Po II-ojo pasaulinio karo Lietuvoje buvo įtvirtintas marksistinis ir legalistinis valstybės apibrėžimo modelis, kai tuo tarpu išeivijoje buvo plėtojama organiškoji ir įdiegta liberalioji valstybės koncepcija. / This dissertation seeks to reconstruct the development of the modern Lithuanian political thought. The main object of the analysis for achieving this goal is the concept of the state (Lith. valstybė). It serves as a synthetic concept and helps to interpret the utterances of the important Lithuanian intellectuals about the person, society and polity as such from the standpoint of political theory. Analysis is done by combining three schools of intellectual history: history of ideas, conceptual history and history of the political. The dissertation shows that the genesis of the concept of the state since the beginning of the 19th century and its embedding in the modern political language and thought cannnot be separated from the development of a modern political paradigm. The national awakening at the end of the 19th century also led to the creation of new political concepts, which helped to define the polity as an abstract and sovereign entity. The ideologization of the concept (different usage of it in order to provide the basis for competing ideological projects) enables to distinguish several different attitudes towards the state specific for the Lithuanian political culture. During the Interbellum period it is possible to indicate four main modes to conceptualize the state: organic, nationalistic, democratic-legalistic and Marxist-economistic. After the Second World War Marxist and legalistic conceptualization of the state became the dominant ones in Lithuania, and the... [to full text]

This dissertation seeks to reconstruct the development of the modern Lithuanian political thought. The main object of the analysis for achieving this goal is the concept of the state (Lith. valstybė). It serves as a synthetic concept and helps to interpret the utterances of the important Lithuanian intellectuals about the person, society and polity as such from the standpoint of political theory. Analysis is done by combining three schools of intellectual history: history of ideas, conceptual history and history of the political. The dissertation shows that the genesis of the concept of the state since the beginning of the 19th century and its embedding in the modern political language and thought cannnot be separated from the development of a modern political paradigm. The national awakening at the end of the 19th century also led to the creation of new political concepts, which helped to define the polity as an abstract and sovereign entity. The ideologization of the concept (different usage of it in order to provide the basis for competing ideological projects) enables to distinguish several different attitudes towards the state specific for the Lithuanian political culture. During the Interbellum period it is possible to indicate four main modes to conceptualize the state: organic, nationalistic, democratic-legalistic and Marxist-economistic. After the Second World War Marxist and legalistic conceptualization of the state became the dominant ones in Lithuania, and the... [to full text] / Disertacijoje rekonstruojama modernios politinės minties raida Lietuvoje. Pagrindiniu analizės objektu siekiant šio tikslo tampa valstybės sąvoka, kuri sintezuoja ir iš politinės teorijos perspektyvos leidžia interpretuoti ją vartojančių intelektualų prielaidas apie asmens, visuomenės ir pačios politijos (bendriausia sąvoka nusakanti politinę tvarką) prigimtį. Analizė atliekama pasitelkiant ir derinant tris intelektualinės istorijos mokyklas: idėjų istoriją, sąvokų istoriją ir politiškumo istoriją. Disertacijoje parodoma, kad valstybės sąvokos atsiradimas XIX a. pr. ir įsitvirtinimas lietuvių kalboje bei politinėje mintyje yra neatsiejamos nuo modernių politinių paradigmų sklaidos. XIX a. pab. vykęs tautinis atgimimas taip pat skatino lietuviškų politinių sąvokų kūrimą, kurios leistų naujai apibūdinti politiją kaip abstraktų ir suverenų socialinį darinį. Per visą XX a. vykusi sąvokos ideologizacija – skirtingas vartojimas konkuruojantiems ideologiniams projektams pagrįsti – leidžia išskirti keletą Lietuvos visuomenei būdingų santykio su valstybe modelių. Tarpukariu labiausiai išryškėjo organiškas, tautininkiškas, demokratinis-legalistinis ir marksistinis-ekonomistinis valstybės konceptualizavimo būdai. Po II-ojo pasaulinio karo Lietuvoje buvo įtvirtintas marksistinis ir legalistinis valstybės apibrėžimo modelis, kai tuo tarpu išeivijoje buvo plėtojama organiškoji ir įdiegta liberalioji valstybės koncepcija.