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This paper concerns the question how the Norrbottnic railway navvy has been used inNorrbottnic newspapers in order to deal with contemporary issues of a political and economicnature. The time period covered is 1951-2004 and 36 newspaper articles have been used. Thepaper shows that there is no obvious connection between the newspapers political affiliationand the components from the navvies lives one otherwise would expect the newspaper topresent. Ideological use of history is not always present. There are other uses of history to, inthe articles. On the other hand the results of this investigation shows all newspapers wants topreserve the navvies accomplishments for later generations. There is no clear connectionbetween a decision to preserve and important events in the surrounding contemporary society.A commitment to preserve is taken independently of important contemporary events.

O Relatio de Odorico de Pordenone (1330) foi uma das narrativas de viagem mais copiadas durante a Idade Média, mas não obteve um impacto semelhante na literatura medieval que outros viajantes menos reproduzidos conquistaram. Baseado nesta aparente contradição, esta dissertação pretende investigar a difusão de ideias nos séculos XIV e XV a partir deste livro. A pesquisa é dividida em duas partes de dois capítulos cada. Na primeira parte, analisamos os aspectos internos do texto em suas contingências de sua elaboração, características formais, opções retóricas e diálogos que estabelece com a escolástica, hagiografias e outros textos de viagem. Nos capítulos da segunda parte, buscamos o impacto que o friuliano exerceu sobre seu público, examinando a distribuição e anotações de suas reproduções, e, finalmente, a forma com que é aceito, refutado ou usado sem o devido crédito em quatro obras posteriores. Em nossa conclusão, tecemos as diferentes estratégias de apropriação dos conteúdos observados e a forma com que modificaram as ideias iniciais de nosso objeto de estudo. / O Relatio de Odorico de Pordenone (1330) foi uma das narrativas de viagem mais copiadas durante a Idade Média, mas não obteve um impacto semelhante na literatura medieval que outros viajantes menos reproduzidos conquistaram. Baseado nesta aparente contradição, esta dissertação pretende investigar a difusão de ideias nos séculos XIV e XV a partir deste livro. A pesquisa é dividida em duas partes de dois capítulos cada. Na primeira parte, analisamos os aspectos internos do texto em suas contingências de sua elaboração, características formais, opções retóricas e diálogos que estabelece com a escolástica, hagiografias e outros textos de viagem. Nos capítulos da segunda parte, buscamos o impacto que o friuliano exerceu sobre seu público, examinando a distribuição e anotações de suas reproduções, e, finalmente, a forma com que é aceito, refutado ou usado sem o devido crédito em quatro obras posteriores. Em nossa conclusão, tecemos as diferentes estratégias de apropriação dos conteúdos observados e a forma com que modificaram as ideias iniciais de nosso objeto de estudo.

Na dissertação, estudou-se a poesia de Manoel de Barros, como contribuição ao processo criativo do projetista/desenhista (designer) no âmbito inicial de um projeto de concepção/desenho (design). Dá-se atenção especial a duas abordagens da obra do poeta: as ‘pré-coisas’ e a atividade de ‘transver’, que consistem, respectivamente, nos processos ainda sem significado ou forma, e naqueles vistos de outras maneiras. A partir destes conceitos, estabeleceram-se relações com alguns princípios criativos e ferramentas de auxílio à geração de ideias já existentes. Encontrou-se possibilidade de gerar novos princípios criativos a partir da poesia do autor. Para viabilizar esta hipótese, buscou-se suporte teórico em estudos de semiologia, em abordagens sobre criatividade e nas relações do processo (design) com forma, função, material e sensações atribuídos aos produtos. Desta maneira, esta pesquisa resultou na geração de três princípios criativos gerados a partir das noções de ‘pré-coisas’ e da atividade de ‘transver’. Esses, se denominaram, respectivamente, Princípio de Arquissema, que se fundamenta em pensar “no antes”, Princípio de Comparamento, o qual visa atribuir semelhanças, e Princípio de Constativo, que busca ampliar a significação de objetos. Para melhor entender como esses princípios se relacionam ao processo criativo do desenhista (designer), realizaram-se dois exemplos, nos quais se buscou gerar ideias com auxílio dos princípios propostos. Utilizou-se, como exemplo, um objeto ainda em plano conceitual, chamado por Manoel de Barros de ‘desobjeto’, ou “abridor de amanhecer”, a fim de ofertar sugestões para que tal desobjeto passasse a ser um objeto. Por fim, também se buscou problematizar um tema ocasional, optando-se pelo da chuva, a fim de fornecer ideias, ainda conceituais, às conseqüências que ela possa causar. / In this study, it was investigated the poetry of Manoel de Barros, as a contribution to a designer’s creative process, in the original scope of a design project. Special attention is given to two approaches of the poet's work: the ‘pre-things’, and the activity of transver, consisting, respectively, of processes yet without meaning or form, and of those seen in other ways. From these concepts, were established relationships with some creative principles and with tools that help the generation of ideas already set. It was found the possibility of generating new creative principles from the author's poetry. In order to test this hypothesis, it was sought theoretical support in studies of semiology, in creative approaches, and in relations of design with form, function, material, and sensations attached to the products. Thus, this research resulted in the generation of three creative principles obtained from conceptions of ‘prethings’ and of ‘transver’ activity. These were called, respectively, Principle of Arquissema, which is based on thinking "in before", Principle of Comparamento, that proposes similarities, and Principle of Constativo, which search for expanding the meaning of objects. For better understanding of how these principles relate to the designer’s creative process, there were performed two examples, in which ideas were generated with the aid of the proposed principles. As an example, it was used an object yet in conceptual outline, called by Manoel de Barros as ‘desobjeto’, or ‘dawn opener’, in order to offer suggestions to transform such ‘desobjeto’ in an object. At last, it was also examined an occasional theme, whose option was for that of rain, in order to offer ideas, even conceptual, and the consequences they may cause.

This thesis explores the politics of elite commitment to promote local content and participation within Ghana's oil and gas sector. Since Ghana discovered commercial quantities of oil in 2007, debates over whether it would avoid the 'resource curse' have primarily taken place within a neo-institutionalist frame of analysis that emphasises the importance of establishing certain types of institutional arrangements which can help constrain and shape elite commitment to developing petroleum resources in the national interest. This thesis seeks to go beyond this framing by deploying new forms of political analysis which show that elite commitment is shaped not by institutions but by the wider configuration of power. It employs an extended 'political settlements' framework (incorporating ideas) that explains how elite interests and ideas shape developmental forms of political commitment to governing oil in the national interest. The analysis is based on three main cases - the politics of formulating and adopting local content legislation, the process through which this legislation was implemented and the effort put into building the capacity of Ghanaian firms to participate in the sector. The thesis argues that the underlying tendencies within Ghana's competitive clientelist political settlement (electoral incentives, coalition building, patronage politics and ideas) directly shaped the levels of political commitment to secure greater oil rents. Ghana's competitive political settlement generated incentives for politicians to use local content policy promises as a strategy to bring certain civil society and private sector elites within what would become a ruling coalition. This move, along with the resource nationalist ideology of the coalition in power at the time, in turn helped to generate relatively high levels of elite commitment to developing ambitious targets within the legislation. However, the process of implementation has been shaped more directly by incentives than ideas, particularly in terms of pressures to distribute participation opportunities in line with the clientelist logic of the political settlement, benefitting politically connected firms. In applying an extended political settlements approach, this thesis offers deeper political economy insights into the drivers of elite commitment to governing oil in the national interest, and shows how Ghana's efforts to avoid the resource curse have and will continue to be closely shaped by 'power relations', 'elite bargaining' and 'ideas'.

Sustainability has been identified as a fluffy idea containing conflicting logics that may make it problematic for individual employees to work with in practice. The aim of this thesis was to contribute to the literature of translating ideas by looking at the microlevel perspective of how the idea of sustainability has been translated within Nordic Choice Hotels. This was done by conducting an in-depth case study and collecting data primarily from qualitative interviews with individual employees at different hotels and the Manager of Sustainable Operations at the headquarters. The results show that sustainability within Nordic Choice Hotels has been translated into (1) the own label ‘WeCare’ containing different initiatives that has enabled the organization to concretize the fluffy idea of sustainability; (2) a culture built around sustainability which is based on a community logic; and (3) individual employees becoming sustainability ambassadors that can be seen as bilingual in using different arguments and reasonings in different situations. Our main contribution in relation to previous research is the fact that a third logic, namely a community logic, was used to bridge the conflicting logics of sustainability.

For some of Plato’s commentators some passages of the Republic and the Parmenides provide a clear guideline regarding the extension of the noetic “world”, namely, a criterion that allows us to know what kind of Platonic forms there are, and which there are not. There are forms only for a pair of opposite properties such as “big” and “small”; indeed, smallness itself is not what appears to the senses, since each sensible instance of smallness appears “mixed” with its opposite, bigness. On the contrary, things that are perceived by the senses such as fingers, do not have an eidos. However, a more careful reading of the relevant passages, taking into account what Socrates says in 476a about the unity and multiplicity of the forms, will show us the incorrectness of this interpretation. / Algunos intérpretes de Platón consideran que algunos pasajes de la República y el Parménides nos proveen de un criterio para delimitar la extensión del ámbito ediético, es decir, para saber qué tipos de Ideas hay y qué tipos no. Hay ideas solo para pares de propiedades opuestas, como “grande” y “pequeño”, ya que la pequeñez no es lo que aparece a los sentidos, pues en cada instancia sensible suya la encontramos mezclada con su opuesto, la grandeza. Contrariamente, aquellas cosas que son tal como aparecen a los sentidos, como los dedos, no tienen un eidos. Sin embargo, una lectura más cuidadosa de los pasajes relevantes, tomando en cuenta lo que Sócrates dice sobre la multiplicidad y unidad de las ideas en República 476a, nos mostrará lo equivocado de esta interpretación.

The history of women education has been structured by two powerful narratives. The first of these is the tale of the separation of the spheres and the second is the application of the cult of true womanhood to understand women place in the early 19th century. The purpose of this thesis is to examine and analyse the educational ideal for upperclass women in Sweden. By applying an unconventional source material, namely the Swedish lifestyle magazine Magasin för konst, nyheter och moder, a new narrative emerge. The previous research into the topic has mainly used the concepts of the separate spheres and the cult of true womanhood to explain the cultural paradigm that occurred to the hierarchy of genders during the early 19th century. This thesis aims to test if these concepts also can be applied on the previously mentioned source material, and still be viable. This thesis purpose that the previously named historical narratives can not be applied as strictly as it was previously believed. This paper critically reviews the level of education that Magasin för konst, nyheter och moder expected from its female readers, and hope that through this critical review a debate on the topic will emerge.

Denna C-uppsats handlar om hur inslag i den kristna tron kom att betraktas som problematiska under 1860-talet i ett framväxande offentligt och liberalt dominerat samtal. Studien visar att i media såväl som av andra deltagare i den offentliga debatten, trosföreställningar betraktades som orsaken bakom oönskade och problematiska beteenden som barnamord. Som en följd därav kom den bakomliggande läran och de som förkunnade denna att kritiseras. Kritiken tog fasta på olika aspekter och förordade olika nya sätt att närma sig kristendomen på. En av kritikerna som rönte stor uppmärksamhet till följd av sin höga akademiska ställning var filosofen Christopher Jacob Boström som använde sig av ett barnamord som argument mot den kristna läran om helvetet. Uppsatsen sätter Boströms argumentation i relation till andra argument, både från religionskritikernas och prästerskapets håll. Den kritik som Boström framför visas därigenom besitta gemensamma drag med den kritik som den liberala pressen framförde, alltmedan dessa slutsatser nås på olika sätt. Gemensamt för båda linjernas kritik är en historisering av bibeln och kristendomen. Medan de liberalt sinnade kritikerna förordar en förnyad bibelgranskning och en modern blick på den historiske Jesus – en slags trons restaurering, företer Boström en mer ahistorisk inställning.

I Sverige är kopplingen mellan rave, ungdomar och droger så signifikant att polisen år 1996 upprättar en speciell polisenhet vid namn Ravekommissionen. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur rave konstrueras som ett problem i svensk dagspress mellan 1995 och 1997, och därmed belysa hur social ordning reproduceras i offentligheten genom samtalsordningen om rave. Från socialkonstruktivistisk synvinkel är media central i konstruktioner av problem. Tidigare forskning inom området rör kopplingar mellan ungdomar och narkotika, samt ungdomskultur och narkotika, men inte den offentliga problemformuleringsprocessen.                                     Studien bygger på 772 förekomster av ordet rave respektive rejv i allt från insändare till debattartiklar i fyra rikstäckande dagstidningar. Den har tagit utgångspunkt i begreppet representation för att kunna belysa de praktiker och aktörer som varit centrala i problemkonstruktionerna.                       I samtalsordningen är det etablerat att rave är en ungdomskultur, och det har skett en successiv betydelseförskjutning i att de frågor som prioriterats övergått från musik till droger. Problemet konstrueras delvis som att det ständigt intensifieras, där praktiker som ligger till grund för detta är att beskriva hur ravespecifika droger ökar i tillgång, sprider sig ut i samhället, och att missbrukarna är en ny grupp, så kallade vanliga ungdomar.                       Analysen visar att samtalet på en övergripande nivå rör farhågor om att den sociala ordningen hotas, genom att ungdomen hotas.  Två ideologiska hotbilder konstrueras. Attityden mot droger hos unga beskrivs ha förändrats till en mer liberal attityd, vilket på sikt utgör ett direkt hot den restriktiva narkotikapolitiken och underförstått den sociala ordningen. Parallellt med detta konstrueras ett mer direkt hot mot den sociala ordningen, delvis i att de påverkbara ungdomarna riskerar präglas av en statsfientlig nyliberalism, delvis genom att polisens praktik skapar en ökad misstro mot den sociala ordningens representanter.