Aim: The aim of the study has been to study how a Swedish state authority talks about mental health among children and young people. Method: The study is based on a qualitative discourse analysis in which the Public Health Authority's report was carefully studied. Results: The essay highlights how a Swedish authority presents various factors that affect a child's mental well-being. The Public Health Authority describes the discourse on health as good when healthy lifestyles are anchored at an early age as it affects health for the rest of life. Texts produced within the discourse, just as the report produced by the Public Health Authority, recommend good health habits to be introduced in an early stage of a child's life. To understand what these habits are, the authority describes social practices which govern people's experience of the current discourse. The social practices recommendations guide people to act so that they are given the conditions to create healthy habits and relationships at an early age. The analysis of the report shows two dominant categories that affect children's and young people's mental health, the school and the family. These areas are the main parts that the report describes where several identity perceptions have been identified. The identity perceptions are used to categorize the individual and create a recognition to find a place in society and to its discourses. Based on the different perceptions of identity, it is then determined how the individual's surroundings and actions are perceived.

THE FORMATION OF THE SELF AS MENTAL UNITY AND MORAL AGENCY IN HUME&rsquo / S PHILOSOPHY This dissertation proposes to analyze the stages in the formation of the idea of self in Hume&rsquo / s philosophy. According to Hume we have no a simple and individual impression that we can call the self &amp / #8722 / where the self is the totality of conscious life of a person. Nevertheless, we do have an idea of personal identity that must be accounted for. He begins his explanation of this idea by noting that our perceptions are fleeting, and he concludes from this that all we are is a bundle of different perceptions. But as a result of such a consideration Hume argues that he failed to find sufficient account for the relation between the idea of self involved in the indirect passions of pride and humility and the idea of self associated with its mental aspect. In this dissertation it is attempted to show that these two aspects of the self do not contradict, but rather they co-exist, and such a co-existence of the two aspects of the self should be recognised as an empirical fact. This means that the self is not a mere bundle of perceptions, but it is at least a very peculiar form of the relational unity of perceptions.

La musique, moyen d’expression commun à toutes les civilisations, est au centre de l’explosion des productions culturelles et sociétales actuelles. Dans les Amériques, les années 1960 furent marquées par d’importantes luttes pour la conquête de l’égalité, la reconnaissance des cultures jusque-là considérées comme mineures, et par d’importantes migrations transrégionales et transcontinentales. Parmi ces luttes, celles des Noir-e-s ont retenu particulièrement mon attention, notamment les figures emblématiques comme Martin Luther King, Malcom X, Angela Davis, etc. mais aussi des organisations politiques et culturelles, comme les Black Panthers. Cependant dans la Caraïbe, ces luttes étaient déjà bien présentes, dans les années 1930, avec Marcus Garvey et son mouvement (UNIA). D’une manière générale, il a permis de mettre l’accent sur la disqualification sociale des Noir-e-s, des cultures dont elles/ils sont porteurs, leur « citoyenneté différée » (V. Lavou). Dans les sociétés caribéennes, hybrides par excellence, d’après les chercheur-e-s reconnu-e-s, le mouvement noir a, sans conteste, eu de fortes répercussions, déterminant par là même toutes les expressions folkloriques puis culturelles. Il en est de même du Reggaeton. Bien qu’identifié comme « latino », le Reggaeton reste, pour beaucoup, un avatar commercial, un « produit manufacturé » de l’industrie du spectacle. Mais, on remarquera néanmoins, l’adhésion collective à cette musique de la part de nombreux « latinos », tout comme les effets d’identification qu’elle suscite. Cette musique, c’est l’une des hypothèses que je partage, « reflète » les révoltes contre les injustices, la domination sociale, raciale, la pauvreté. En ce sens, le Reggaeton concentre toutes les caractéristiques de la musique populaire urbaine afro-latino-américaine, à l’instar des musiques populaires urbaines afro-américaines (USA). De ce point de vue, le « Reggaeton» constitue tout à la fois un «exutoire», un espace de « négociations identitaires » contradictoires (sexisme, machisme, homophobie, culte de la réussite individuelle, de la violence, etc.), un moyen permettant d’exister socialement à travers des codes spécifiques. En posant le Reggaeton comme un « analyseur » des contradictions socio-politiques de l’archipel caribéen et de ses diasporas, cette thèse vise à en restituer la complexité, au-delà des considérations purement moralisatrices. À l’aide d’outils conceptuels comme, l’Atlantique noir de Paul Gilroy l’interculturalité de Claude Clanet, et la créolisation d’Edouard Glissant, entre autres, j’analyse les dynamiques migratoires et sociales à l’origine de l’émergence du Reggaeton et par conséquent des tensions identitaires qu’il recèle. / Music, as a common means of expression to all civilizations, is at the center of the explosion of current societal and cultural productions. In the Americas, the 1960s were marked by important struggles for the conquest of equality, the recognition of cultures previously considered minor, and major trans-regional and transcontinental migrations. Among these struggles, those of the Black communities have caught my attention, including major figures like Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, Angela Davis, as well as political and cultural organizations, such as the Black Panthers. However, in the Caribbean, these truggles were already present in the 1930s with Marcus Garvey and his movement (UNIA). In general, it has led to focus on social disqualification of Black peoples, the cultures they carry, their "diferred citizenship" (V. Lavou). In Caribbean societies, ultimately hybrid , according to acknowledged scholars, the black movement has undoubtedly had a major impact, thereby determining all folklore and cultural expressions. It is the same with Reggaeton. Although identified as "Latin" Reggaeton, it remains for many a commercial avatar, a "manufactured product" of the entertainment industry. But, nevertheless it will be noted as the collective adherence to this music from many "Latino" as the identification effects it causes. One of the assumptions that I share is that this music "reflects" the revolt against injustice, social domination, racial, poverty. In this sense, Reggaeton gathers all urban African-Latin American popular music's features, like African-American urban popular music (USA). From this point of view, the "Reggaeton" is at at the same time an "outlet", a space of contradictory "identity negotiations" (sexism, homophobia, cult of individual success, violence, etc.), as a means to exist socially through specific codes. By questionning Reggaeton as a "analyser” of socio-political contradictions of the Caribbean archipelago and its diasporas, this thesis aims to restore its complexity, beyond purely moralistic considerations. Using conceptual tools like Paul Gilroy's "Black Atlantic", Claude Clanet's interculturality and the creolization concept of Edouard Glissant, among others, I analyze migration and social dynamics behind the emergence of Reggaeton and therefore identity tensions it contains.

Le phrygien est la langue la plus proche du grec parmi toutes les autres langues indo-européennes. Les isoglosses confirment que ces deux langues ont partagé une phase commune sur les Balkans, avant que les populations phrygiennes ne commencent à migrer vers l’Anatolie autour du XIIe siècle av. J.-C. En dépit de leur parenté génétique, ces deux peuples ont connu des développements historiques différents, ce qui a conduit les Grecs à identifier les Phrygiens comme l’incarnation du stéréotype de l’esclave barbare au Ve siècle av. J.-C. La complexe relation entre Grecs et Phrygiens n’a jamais été étudiée d’un point de vue sociolinguistique. Le but de cette étude est de combler cette lacune. Mon exploration sémantique de l’ethnonyme « Phrygiens », ainsi que mes analyses sociolinguistiques et pragmatiques des passages littéraires grecs et épigraphiques phrygiens permettent une compréhension plus nuancée de la perception réciproque des identités grecque et phrygienne. Au delà de tous les stéréotypes des Phrygiens barbares et esclaves, produits de la vision traditionnelle hellénocentrique qui se dégage des textes grecs, le « renaissance » de la langue phrygienne dans les inscriptions néo-phrygiennes me semble une preuve de la survie de l’identité linguistique et culturelle phrygienne à travers les siècles en Anatolie. La langue est un aspect clé dans la construction de l’identité ethnique et un moyen de résistance dans le cadre d’une culture ou d’un groupe social dominant. J’interprète cette résistance linguistique du phrygien comme une forte revendication identitaire de la part d’un groupe ethnique marginalisé dans le monde hellénisé issu des conquêtes d’Alexandre le Grand. / Scholarship has uncovered several isoglosses which show that Ancient Greek and Phrygian are genetically connected,having shared a common prehistory on the Balkans, before the Phrygian populations started migrating to Anatolia around the 12th century BCE. Despite this linguistic kinship, Greeks and Phrygians underwent different historical developments, which eventually led the Greeks to progressively identify the Phrygians as the incarnation of the stereotype of barbarian slaves in the 5th century BCE, even if, paradoxically, their idiom was the closest one to Greek among all the other Indo-European languages. The complex relationship between Greeks and Phrygians has never been studied from a sociolinguistic point of view, although it seems to me a productive field of investigation. The aim of this study is to fill this gap. My semantic exploration of the ethnonym ‘Phrygians’ as well as my sociolinguistic and pragmatic analyses of significant literary and epigraphic passages has produced a more nuanced understanding of the reciprocal perception of Greek and Phrygian identities, indirectly from the Phrygian inscriptions, directly from the Greek literary texts. Beyond all the stereotypes of the Phrygians as barbarians and slaves, products of the Hellenocentric traditional view that emerges from the literary Greek texts, the “revival” of Phrygian language in the Neo-Phrygian inscriptions in the Roman Era seems to me to be evidence of the survival of linguistic and cultural Phrygian identity through the centuries in Anatolia. This can be interpreted as a striking manifestation of preservation of diversity in the Hellenized world that emerged from Alexander’s conquest.

Work will deal with the comparison of two great philosophers of the 20th century. Both connects the fact that they were born in a Jewish environment and fundamental philosophical discipline considered ethics. Therefore, both authors agree in their works devoted to the nature of the relationship, "I - Thou", as one of the most pressing philosophical themes. How is their view of this relationship different? What must we do to meet "Thou"? Can a human have a "I and Thou" relationship with god? How can we recognize, that we are in "I and Thou" relationship? These and other questions will be the main subject of my research.

The research was carried out to show the potential consequences of the conversion of indigenous peoples in Bolivia to Pentecostalism. The research was based on a research conducted by Canessa in 2000 on two movements already taking place at the time of his research, the rise of Indigeonus recognition in society and the rise of Pentecostalism. The results show how these phenomena have developed in Bolivia since 2000, during which Bolivia, for example, had its first Indigeonus president, Evo Morales, who led the country between 2006 and 2019, and Bolivia went through a coup d'état in which the new president, Jeanine Áñez, representing the right, associated the Bible with the mestizos and spread hatred of the Indigeonus beliefs.  Religious conversions from Catholicism / Pachamama to Pentecostalism in relation to decolonization and in- and out-group associations were investigated. The research was written with a narrative research design, in which I interviewed Pentecostal pastors who worked in La Paz and in the rural area of Quellani outside the predominantly indigenous El Alto, as well as an indigenous person who had converted to Pentecostalism. Likewise, my observations were included, mainly on Pentecostal services in La Paz and Quellani, as well as on comparisons of Catholic churches in Cochabamba and Copacabana. The observations suggest interpretations of the situation as an outsider, a Western scholar.  The indigenous beliefs are commonly referred to as Madre Tierra "mother earth" or Pachamama. During colonization, however, the Spaniards came with Catholicism, and since then, indigenous beliefs and Catholicism have been syncretized and incorporated into the beliefs of Bolivians, including many indigenous peoples. Catholicism / Pachamama's religious activities are also essential for Bolivia's culture and national identity.  However, since the other half of the twentieth century, many Bolivians, also indigenous, have converted to Pentecostalism, although Indigeonus are fighting for decolonization, and Pentecostalism is less accepting of adherents who preserve cultural and religious parts of indigenous peoples. Alcohol consumption, for example, is an essential part of the religion and culture of the indigenous people, accepted within Catholicism, and prohibited within Pentecostalism. In addition, the Pentecostals pride themselves on following the Bible and not displaying "contradictory behavior". 3 The theory of in and out-group was applied, as it was considered a relevant identity theory. The identity of the Pentecostals seems to correlate with a particular perception of Catholics. I have observed it as an inferior relationship to the Catholics, who often include indigenous beliefs, represent the largest number of believers in Bolivia, are deeply intertwined in Bolivia's culture and history, and earlier the only officially accepted religion.  The results showed that indigenous peoples can gain several benefits by converting to Pentecostalism, including improved status and perceived new possibilities, a new community, and a path to decolonization from the Catholicism associated with colonization. Some elements of their indigenous background can be preserved, including their clothing and language. However, they will have to give up certain traditions related to indigenous beliefs, as they are more syncretized with Catholicism, including alcohol, and relationships are often affected. Perceived positive effects may depend on whether others convert with them, although the Pentecostal community offers a much more personal and intimate community than Catholicism.

The main purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of how first and second generation immigrants from former Yugoslavia experience and precive their national identity. Furthermore to understand differences and similarities between first-generation and second-generation immigrants based on inbetweenship. Previous research has shown that people with one or more cultural backgrunds tend to develop more fluid identity in comparson to people who only have one cultural backgrund. Furthermore, previous research has also shown that people with immigrant background or a multi-ethnic background tend to end up in betweenship, to greater extent. To achieve the study`s purpose and answer the research questions I have chosen to conduct a qualitative interview study based on semi-structured interviews with first and second generation immigrants from former Yugoslavia living in Sweden. The theories used in the study to analyze the result were inbetweenship and national identity as a grounded conceptual definition.  The results showed that first-generation immigrants from former Yugoslavia did not perceive themselves as Swedes, but in all cases referred to their ethnic origin when speaking about their national identity and identity perception. The results also showed that second-generation immigrants partly experienced their identity in similar way. However, second-generation immigrants tended to experience their identity as Swedish and not in relation to their ethnic origin in half of the cases.